猎捕（2015）

森林占地球陆地面♥积♥的三分之一
Forests cover one third of the lands of the Earth.
全球一半的动物种类隐藏其中
Hiding within them are half of all the animal species on the planet.
但森林是环境复杂的狩猎场
But forests are complex places in which to hunt.
没有清晰的视线
There is never a clean line of sight.
也没有追逐的空间
No room for the chase.
在迷宫般的世界中捕获猎物
To get to its prey in this labyrinthine world
同时避免被发现
without being discovered
森林猎食者必须掌握伏击的技巧
the forest hunter must master the art of the ambush.
老虎是最大的森林掠食者
The tiger is the largest of all forest predators.
然而 其生存依赖于隐藏自己...
Yet its life depends on being able to hide itself...
对重达200公斤的猫科动物来说 这并不容易
no simple task for a cat weighing up to 200 kilos.
需要数年才能掌握隐藏技巧
The vanishing act takes years to perfect
从幼崽时期就开始训练
beginning when tigers are just cubs.
和家养的小猫一样
Like domestic kittens, tiger cubs
幼虎无法抑制潜行的冲动
can't resist the compulsion to stalk.
刚开始只是个游戏
At first, it's a game.
但幼虎正在学习技巧
But the cubs are learning the skills
有助于悄无声息行走在嘎吱作响的森林地面
needed to move silently over the crunchy forest floor.
这需要多次练习
It takes practice
还要有毅力
and perseverance.
幼虎会失败多次
A cub will fail many times.
但最终 其生存依赖于日渐成熟的技巧
But, ultimately, its life will depend on getting it right.
当它成为一只年轻的成年虎
By the time it is a young adult,
就能够无声无息地行动
a tiger can move without making a sound.
但为了接近猎物 它必须避免被看到
But to get close to its prey, it must also be out of sight.
鹿群眼目众多
Herds have many eyes,
而且从不放松警惕
and they never let down their guard.
只要它们能看到老虎 就无法被伏击
As long as they can see the tiger, there can be no ambush.
只要能看到
As long as they can see
老虎
the tiger.
还不够近
Not close enough.
为提高捕获鹿的成功率
To stand a good chance of catching a deer,
老虎必须潜行到10米以内
a tiger must stalk to within ten metres
才能发动突袭
before launching an attack.
为了成功
And to do that,
它必须充分利用森林提供的掩护
it must take advantage of any cover its forest provides.
随着经验积累 老虎成为专家
With experience, a tiger becomes expert
能够利用一切机会
at exploiting any opportunity.
风暴的噪音和黑暗有利于隐藏行踪
The noises and darkness of a storm can be used to conceal its approach.
它从下风处靠近鹿群
It moves in downwind of the herd
没有被发现
undetected.
一旦进入攻击距离 它就会静止不动
Once within striking distance, it freezes.
老虎捕猎的终极技巧
The final trick for a hunting tiger
就是等待猎物靠近
is to get closer
而自身纹丝不动
without moving at all.
让这只雄鹿自♥由♥靠近
Let the stag come as close as it will.
等待它转身
Then wait for it to turn
然后迈出一步
and take one step away.
完美而英勇的袭击
The perfect strike and brave...
这头雄鹿几乎和老虎一样重
this stag weighs almost as much as the tiger.
它本能地将猎物藏起来 然后享用美餐
It instinctively moves its prize out of sight before starting its meal.
技巧熟练的伏击者
An accomplished ambusher.
需要数年时间训练技巧
Years in the making,
才能将森林的挑战
with the skills to turn the challenges of its forest
转变为自身优势
to its advantage.
并非所有森林都如此
But not all forests are the same.
在遥远的北方 森林随着树木开始延伸
They begin where the trees begin, in the far north.
这是全世界最大的森林
This is the largest forest of all.
不间断的针叶林带环绕地球一周...
An unbroken band of coniferous trees that wraps around the globe...
这是亚寒带针叶林
the Boreal forest.
在冬天 看起来空无一物
In winter, it can appear empty
但这无尽的迷宫 是上演独特捉迷藏游戏的竞技场
but this endless maze is the arena for a unique game of hide and seek.
森林中下了数月的雪
Snow falls in this forest for months on end.
当雪逐渐积累在布满枯树枝的
As it collects on the fallen branches and trunks
凌乱森林地面
that litter the forest floor,
在雪下面形成隐藏的迷宫隧♥道♥
a hidden labyrinth of snow tunnels is created beneath.
这里与冷空气隔绝
Here, out of the icy air,
是森林中啮齿动物过冬的地方
is where the forest's rodents spend their winter.
看似空旷的森林中也有猎物存在
Prey exists even in this seemingly empty forest
只要你知道去哪里找
if you know where to find it.
这是美洲貂
The American marten.
在冬天 它只住在
It only lives where, in winter,
雪足够深能形成迷宫的地方
the snow is deep enough to create this maze.
细长的体型很适合在雪道中搜寻
Its slim body is ideally shaped for searching snow tunnels,
但这种体型会使热量迅速流失
but that shape means it also loses heat quickly.
它必须持续寻找食物以维持生命
To stay alive, it must continually search for food.
美洲貂嗅到了一股气味
The marten picks up a scent.
它仔细听任何动静
It listens for any movement.
找到了
Found you!
一只老鼠不够吃
One mouse is not enough.
为了在冰冻森林中保持体温
To keep warm in this frozen forest,
美洲貂一天需要捕获3只老鼠
the marten must find three mice every day.
但雪下有数千条隧♥道♥ 找哪一条呢
But with thousands of tunnels under the snow, which one do you check?
每条都得找
You check them all!
这是疯狂的捉迷藏游戏
A frantic game of hide and seek.
只有十分之一的隧♥道♥中有老鼠
Only one in ten tunnels is home to a mouse.
即使如此 也不一定能找到老鼠
And even then, finding the mouse is not guaranteed.
在亚寒带针叶林中的捕猎者
For hunters in the Boreal forest,
仅仅寻找食物就是最大的挑战
just finding food is the biggest challenge of all.
在更南方的森林中 食物更充足
In the forest further south, prey is more abundant.
这是我们都很熟悉的落叶林
The deciduous forest we know so well.
在夏天 一片小鸟的喧闹
In the summer, it's busy with small birds.
树木长有浓密的树叶
The trees are thick with foliage.
这里环境复杂 难以辨认方向
It's a complex world in which to navigate.
这对雌雀鹰来说是个难题
A problem for the female sparrowhawk.
因为它需要产卵
Since she has to produce and lay eggs,
它的体型必须达到一定尺寸
her body must be of a certain size,
在这拥挤的栖息地中 过大的体型不利于偷袭猎物
and she's too big to sneak up on her prey in this crowded habitat.
每年这时候 它依靠另一种...
At this time of year, she relies on another...
体型更小更敏捷的捕猎者
a smaller, more agile hunter
它能够快速穿过纵横交错的树林...
able to travel at speed through the tangled woodland...
这是雄雀鹰
the male sparrowhawk.
它非常适合在浓密的夏季森林中捕猎
He is well suited to hunting in the dense summer forest
但它必须上缴几乎所有的猎物
but he must give almost everything he catches
给它的老板
to his boss.
雌性有雄性两倍大
She's twice his size!
在夏天 雌鸟和幼鸟都要依靠雄鸟的捕猎技术
In the summer, she and their young depend on his hunting expertise.
雄鸟从不休息 在飞行中对小鸟发动突袭
He never rests, surprising small birds on the wing.
或者藏在高处进行伏击
Ambushing from lofty hiding places.
它是夏季的捕猎专家
He is a specialist summer hunter.
每天 它都提供十只小鸟
Each day, he provides up to ten small birds.
知道游戏规则改变
Until the rules of the game change
秋天来了
with autumn.
落叶树结霜的残叶逐渐脱落
The deciduous trees shed their delicate, frost...prone leaves.
雄鸟这个夏天依赖的掩护
The cover the male relied on all summer
消失不见
is blown.
狩猎从说迷藏变为开阔环境的追逐
The hunt must change from hide and seek to open chase.
雌雀鹰更大的体型成了优势
The greater size of the female sparrowhawk is now an advantage.
它拥有更大的体重和力量以捕获更大的猎物
She has the strength and the weight to catch bigger prey.
雄雀鹰无法扑到体型大的松鸡
Jays are too large for the tiny male to tackle.
这对羽翼刚刚丰满的雌鸟来说 是绝佳的训练对象
But they are the perfect target practice for the fledgling females.
它们无法抗拒挑战
They can't resist the challenge.
看起来像一场游戏
It may look like a bit of fun.
但喳喳叫的松鸡 有助于刚长成的幼鸟进行训练
But buzzing jays helps the fledglings learn
掌握在无树叶为掩护环境中的捕猎技术
how to hunt in a place where there is no leaf cover.
在即将到来的冬天 它们要依靠急停技术
In the coming winter, they will rely on the sudden stall
尾追技术
the tail chase
和拦截技术
the interception
捕获更大的猎物
By taking larger prey,
雌鸟在冬季森林中的生存机会变得更大
the females increase their chances of surviving in the winter forest.