猎捕（2015）

已持续2百万年之久
for over two million years.
这是一个死结
And there is one deadly tradition
如今的人们普遍认为
that's still widely practised today -
杀死狮子是再正常不过的事情
the ritual killing of lions.
Craig和Ingela正在拜访
The team are travelling to a remote settlement
位于Serengeti边缘的部落
on the edge of the Serengeti.
MAASAI SING
这里是与狮子争地的前线
This is the front line in the conflict with lions.
我们今天来此参加一场马赛人的婚礼
We've come out here today to attend a Maasai wedding
近十年来，这里一直有
in an area that's had a lot of ritual lion killing
杀狮的传统
over the last decade.
Ingela发现，马赛人在举♥行♥婚礼之类的盛典时
One of the things that Ingela has learnt in her research
伴随之的是捕猎派对
is that these hunting parties often assemble at an event like this.
所以，如同你所见
So, as you can see,
每个人都如此兴奋，跃跃欲试...
everybody's getting worked up and that level of excitement...
又唱又跳，仿佛身上充满无尽的能量
It's like they've got all this energy and all that testosterone ready to go
他们如此兴奋，是因为将要去捕猎一只狮子
and one of the things they really get excited about doing is going to hunt a lion.
Ingela希望她的守卫队能够出现
Ingela is hoping that the presence of her scouts
才有可能阻止这群部落勇士去猎杀狮子
may be enough to deter the warriors from hunting lions.
他们之间是朋友，是亲属
They know these guys, they're friends, they're relatives
部落的人知道守卫队在为狮子保护组织工作
and everyone knows here that they work for Lion Conservation,
所以当他们出现时，部落勇士们就不会去猎杀狮子
so they kind of know that they can't go hunting if that person is present.
来自这地区的Roimen,是Ingela守卫队的队长
Ingela's head scout, Roimen, comes from this area.
在他年轻的时候，曾亲手杀死两只狮子
He killed two lions by himself in ritual hunts when he was younger,
跟随他的战士们都非常尊敬他
and has the respect of his fellow warriors.
ROIMEN SPEAKS MAASAI DIALECT
我在守卫队做得还不错
我能知道这帮人在说些什么、想些什么
我会直接跟他们领头的家伙谈
劝服他们放弃捕杀狮子的活动
今天，没人会去猎杀狮子，它们在这地方很安全
Today, no-one is going hunting and the lions in this area are safe.
但彻底解决人与狮的纷争得花数十年的时间
But it could take decades to solve the conflict,
所以Craig提出了一个备受争议的方案——
so Craig is proposing a highly controversial solution -
建起围栏把人与兽分隔开
putting up fences to keep people and predators apart.
这是我们对非洲，这片未完全开♥发♥的处♥女♥地的美好愿景
Our romantic visions of Africa's unspoilt wilderness -
但已无可能实现
that's already out of date.
现今非洲的人口已达10亿
The human population now is already one billion people.
这个数字预计在本世纪末会翻四倍
It's expected to quadruple by the end of this century.
所以，是时候考虑在人与野生动物间设立围栏
So, it's time to consider erecting fences between people and wildlife.
是时候反思与实施
It's time to rethink the basic need
能够满足人与动物
for the safety of the people around these parks
彼此基本安全的方法
and the safety of the animals themselves.
Craig呼吁建立带电的围栏
Craig is calling for fortress conservation -
以保护成百上千英里范围内的野生动植物
protecting vast areas with hundreds of miles of electric fencing.
在南非
In South Africa,
所有的野生动物公园已配备了完整的围栏
all the wildlife parks have already been completely fenced in.
如今这儿有上千处高保护级别的野生动物保护区
There are now 1,000 highly protected game reserves here
食物链顶端的食肉动物的数量也在稳定增长
and the number of top carnivores is steadily rising.
但对于活动范围超广的猎食者——猎豹
But for wide-ranging predators like cheetah,
被圈起来却是个糟糕的麻烦
being fenced in poses a deadly problem.
猎豹需要有足够广袤的领地去求生存
Cheetahs need vast territories to survive.
猎豹地球上最迅捷的陆地动物，基本是独♥立♥捕食
The world's fastest land animal is mainly solitary
漫游很长一段距离才有机会碰上同类
and must roam long distances to find a mate.
但当它们与家人一起生活在围栏中
But when they're trapped in behind fences with their own families,
近亲繁殖就变成了它们生存下去最大的威胁
in-breeding becomes the biggest threat to their survival.
解决这难题的唯一方法是——为猎豹包配婚姻
The only way to prevent this is by playing Cupid with cheetahs.
他是来自濒危野生动物保护组织的Vincent Van Der Merwe
Vincent Van Der Merwe from the Endangered Wildlife Trust
这是一家被称为猎豹“婚介所”的机构
runs what could be described as a cheetah dating agency.
猎豹的数量不多
These population are small
而且从长远来看，近亲繁殖是相当糟糕的选项
and inbreeding is a terrible thing, in the long run.
所以，得做些包分配的事情，你懂的
So, it's not a natural thing, you know?
在发展猎豹数量的问题上
We'd prefer natural dispersal,
我们当然不愿意干涉它们的自♥由♥
natural migration between the populations,
南非与非洲其他国家相比
but South Africa is a highly-developed country
已经是个相当发达的国家
compared to the rest of Africa.
所以，有能力人工干预它们近亲繁殖
And you know, we have to move them artificially.
Vincent来到Dinokeng保护区要转移两只雄性猎豹
Vincent has come to Dinokeng Game Reserve to remove two males.
它们都是18月龄
They're 18 months old
都已经不再需要母亲的关照
and would normally have left their mother by now.
所以，得安排这两只性成熟的雄豹
So, these two males are related to the two females
去结识别的雌豹了
and they're reaching sexual maturity now,
这样就能解决猎豹族群近亲繁殖的难题
so there is the possibility that inbreeding will take place.
转移这两只雄豹就是为了预防它们会近亲繁殖
So, it's important that we remove these two males to prevent inbreeding.
在开始之前
Before they can be moved,
先由兽医Shaun Beverley将其麻醉
the cheetah must be immobilised by wildlife vet Shaun Beverley.
让我们给它检查检查
Let's just have a look and see.
看看它们状态如何
I just want to check what these two do.
倒车
Just reverse.
停
Stop here.
动物们对麻♥醉♥药♥非常敏感
These animals are very sensitive to drugs
有相当高的风险会因药物过量致死致伤
and there's a high risk of overdose or injury.
OK，让我拿下它
OK, I'm going to take it.
注意看那只雌豹，它非常不高兴我们的车靠近
Just watch the female - she's not happy at all about the vehicle.
这只雄豹似乎想要保护她...
She's quite intent in protecting her... The young male.
留心它们生气的老妈
With an eye out for the angry mother,
Shaun小心地搬动着这只小鲜肉
Shaun carefully removes the first young male.
准备，我们要把它放进里边
Ready. We're just going to pop him in here.
Vincent收集好DNA样本，为每只猎豹都建立了档案
By collecting DNA samples, Vincent creates a profile for each cheetah
认真核对，并送去其他保护中心与非近亲的猎豹相会
and matches them up with unrelated females on other fenced reserves.
OK，血样标本放这儿
OK, got some blood vials over there.
在一家小型保护中心维续一支同源血脉
A single population on a small fenced reserve like this
从长♥期♥来看是不可行的
is not viable in the long term.
但53家保护中心就有53支血脉
But 53 small populations on 53 reserves
那就意味着是切实可行的方案
are viable in the long term, if managed as a single population.
所以，我们必须在这53家保护中心之间
So, we continuously have to move these cheetah
不断安排转移这些猎豹
between the 53 small fenced reserves
使猎豹家族开枝散叶
to ensure that they remain genetically viable.
撑住它的脖子
Just support his neck here.
降低点把它放进去
You can put it in as deep as you can
从外头抓着它，拖进去
and just grab him from the outside and drag him through.
给它来点解毒剂
Just give him an antidote.
等清醒过来后，这会令它们舒服一些
Far more comfortable, once they're awake.
OK，咱们走
OK, let's go.
Vincent已经转移过98只猎豹
Vincent has now moved 98 cheetah.
但值得注意的是，有五分之一的猎豹在转移过程中死去
But alarmingly, one in five of them have died in the process.
这是保护计划要付出的代价
It's a terrible price to pay for conservation.
这小箱子对猎豹来说，是非常非常狭小的空间
A small box, it's a very, very confined space for a cheetah.
我们也不喜欢让它们长时间呆在里头
We don't like to keep them there too long.
可是，各保护中心相距非常远
Unfortunately, some of the reserves are really far from each other
我们不得不花上一两天的时间来转移它们
and we have to move them over a day or two.
所以，我们非常担心它们
So, we really fear for them,
害怕它们因承受不住而死去
and we lose a lot of cheetah because of chronic stress.
这两只雄豹乘车上百英里来到了新家
The two brothers are travelling 100 miles to their new home,
它们将会在此度过余生
Sable Ranch, where they will stay for the rest of their lives.
这儿会有大量的猎物
Plenty of cheetah food over here.
这两只小鲜肉毫发无损的度过转移之旅
These two young cheetah have survived their journey unscathed.
它们状态很好，开门放出来吧
They are doing 100%, just a case of opening up now.
Vincent将会安排一只雌豹过来，让它们组建家庭
Vincent will soon bring in a female, so they can start a family.
将来它们的子女们成年后
When their offspring have reached adulthood,
将会被带到其他保护区
they'll need to be moved to another reserve.
这是一项没有尽头的工作
It's never-ending work.
如今只剩不足1♥0♥0♥0♥0♥只猎豹
There are now less than 10,000 cheetahs left.
南非是唯一一个猎豹数量在增长的国家
South Africa is the only country where the population is growing,
感谢人类作出的努力
thanks to human intervention.
但是——
But at what cost?
要让非洲的野生动物在围栏圈起的保护中心度过一生吗？
Will all of Africa's wildlife end up living on fenced private reserves?
我认为这就是未来环境保护的发展形态
I really think that this is going to be the future of conservation,
因为我们在非洲实在找不出有足够宽广的野外空间
because we're not going to find wide open spaces in Africa any more.
这儿的人口日益增长，社会蓬勃发展
There's just too many people, too much development.
但我们还是能够找到小型的自然据点
But we will find small fragments of natural habitat
安排猎豹的生命续存
where we can reintroduce cheetah.
这确实是一个增加猎豹活动范围
So this is really a way to increase the range of cheetah,
提升数量的好方法
to beef up their numbers,