大裂谷：美丽的非洲心脏（2010）

She does this
找到它前一天晚上安顿幼崽的地方
firstly by remembering where she parked her baby the night before,
当它越来越近，它通过叫声和幼仔身上独特的气味来找到它
then, as she gets closer, by recognising its voice and unique scent.
像所有的哺乳动物一样，蝙蝠也是用奶水来哺育自己的孩子
Like all mammals, baby bats depend on their mothers' milk.
它的幼崽活蹦乱跳的吃着早餐
Her little wriggling pup is frantic for its morning feed.
而蝙蝠和狒狒寻求的庇护所
While bats and baboons seek sanctuary
都在苏斯瓦火山的熔岩洞穴里
in the protective environment of Mount Suswa's lava caves,
但一种与众不同的动物
a very different kind of creature
却选择了裂谷最暴露的栖息地
has chosen what must be the Rift Valley's most exposed habitat.
Ololokwe山的500米高的峻峭的悬崖
The sheer 500-metre-high cliffs of Mount Ololokwe
经常被从下边峡谷吹来的的强风拍打
are constantly buffeted by strong winds rising from the valley below.
而这个岌岌可危的地方
This precarious location
是肯尼亚最大的产卵群体
is home to Kenya's largest nesting colony
鲁氏粗毛秃鹫的繁殖地
of Ruppell's griffon vultures.
秃鹫在裂痕中茁壮成长
Vultures thrive in the rift
因为陡峭悬崖制♥造♥的回升气流
because the steep valley walls create updraughts,
可以使它们轻松飞起
which they can use to get airborne.
在一股热气流中毫不费力的滑翔到另一个地方
Gliding effortlessly from one thermal to the next,
一只秃鹫每天可以飞行200英里
a vulture can cover 200 miles in a day,
攀升到7英里的高度几乎不用拍一下翅膀
soaring seven miles high with scarcely a wing flap.
从上述非洲高地看下去
From their lofty lookout above the African plains,
没什么能逃过它的眼睛
nothing escapes their notice.
在塞伦盖蒂草原，兽群正在迁徙
Out in the Serengeti grassland, the game herds are on the move.
这是秃鹫一直等待的时刻
This is what the vultures have been waiting for.
(咆哮声)
GROWLS
(斑马叫声)
ZEBRA BARKS
(斑马叫声)
ZEBRA YELPS
秃鹫有明确的社会等级
Vultures have a clear pecking order.
(尖叫声)
SCREECHES
秃鹫刀片般的嘴能轻松凿开尸体
The heavy-billed lappet-faced vultures are best equipped to open up a carcass,
因此它们获得尊重
so they get the greatest respect.
一旦它们完成,白背秃鹰和狮鹫便挤进来
Once they're finished, the white-backed and griffon vultures pile in
抢夺战利品
and squabble over the spoils.
(牛羚轻吠)
WILDEBEEST LOW
塞伦盖蒂拥有世界上最大的兽群
The Serengeti is home to the world's greatest game herds.
其中大多数是在东非高原
Most of it lies on the East African Plateau,
大约海拔一英里的高度栖息
perched around a mile above sea level,
这是由由同一熔岩柱的隆起而形成的裂谷
the result of uplift by the same lava plume that created the Rift Valley.
但是它与另一个炙热裂谷有着
But it has another, even more intimate connection
更亲密的关系
with the rift's fiery origins.
坦桑尼亚的塞伦盖蒂边缘最活跃的火山—
The Serengeti borders Tanzania's most active volcano -
伦盖伊火山
Ol Doinyo Lengai.
在2007年
In 2007,
壮观的伦盖伊火山持续喷发了约一年的时间......
Ol Doinyo Lengai produced a spectacular eruption that lasted almost a year...
.....抛出了成千上万吨♥的火山灰...
..throwing out thousands of tons of ash...
落在周围的草原上
..which fell on the surrounding savanna.
由于火山灰的散落
As volcanic ash breaks down,
形成了高密度的肥沃土壤
it creates a dense, fertile soil
那是树根难以渗透
which is hard for tree roots to penetrate
但对草来说确是最好的
but is perfect for grass.
广袤的塞伦盖蒂平原草可以满足超过100万只角马
The great grass plains of the Serengeti can support over a million wildebeest
就是因为大面♥积♥的火山灰提供了
only because of the fertility of the vast volcanic ash deposits
它们所需的青草
on which they grow.
在坦桑尼亚南部，塞伦盖蒂以南
South of the Serengeti, in southern Tanzania,
大裂谷的东部和西方交汇
the Rift Valley's eastern and western branches converge.
靠近交汇点的地方保存着关于大裂谷最大的秘密
Close to their meeting point lies one of the Great Rift's best-kept secrets -
齐图洛高地的高山草场
the alpine grassland of the Kitulo Plateau,
当地人称它为‘上帝的花♥园♥’
known locally as 'God's Garden'.
它提供了一个舞台
It provides the stage
给非洲最壮观的花卉
for one of Africa's most spectacular floral displays.
奇图洛草原上为花卉提供传粉服务的是一些奇特的昆虫
The Kitulo meadows are serviced by some unusual insect pollinators.
这是一只猴甲虫，全身长满绒毛的活化石
This is a monkey beetle, a hairy-coated living fossil.
在冰河时期，当时非洲非常寒冷
During the ice ages, when Africa was much cooler,
猴甲虫非常普遍
monkey beetles were widespread,
但现在它们只生存在少数高海拔的草场
but now they survive only in a few high-altitude meadow lands.
(啾啾声)
CHIRPS
羽毛非常漂亮的高山沼泽寡妇鸟
The spectacular-plumed mountain marsh widowbird
是另一种特产
is another local specialty.
在奇图洛高原的斜坡上
On the slopes of the Kitulo Plateau,
一排糖分很高的灌木标志着草地和森林之间的过渡
a line of protea sugar bushes marks the transition between meadow and forest.
它们的花朵制♥造♥了花粉和花蜜的盛宴
Their blooms produce a feast of pollen and nectar,
但对于猴甲虫，它是一个致命的奖赏
but for the monkey beetles, it's a dangerous prize.
一旦接近，就会变成坦普尔变色龙的点心
Once in place, the Tempel's chameleon,
它所有坦桑尼亚高原昆虫的敌人
an insect hunter peculiar to this corner of Tanzania,
而且几乎不用移♥动♥
hardly needs to move.
这种变色龙是独一无二的爬行动物
Chameleons are unique among reptiles
它们可以单独旋转一只眼睛
in having the ability to swivel their eyes independently.
当它们向上移♥动♥时
When they line them up,
图像传感器命令它们吐出粘性舌头
the stereo image allows them to launch their sticky tongue
每次都以惊人的准确率
exactly the right distance to nail their victim
黏住猎物
every time.
在灌木丛的下面，变色龙悄悄地接近猎物
Below the line of sugar bushes, where the chameleons stalk their prey,
茂密的灌木丛一直延伸到山坡下面
a belt of dense jungle clings to rain-drenched mountain slopes.
(昆虫叫声)
INSECTS CHIRP
凉爽、湿润的气候滋润的原始蕨类植物
The cool, humid climate fosters ancient tree ferns
和高耸的阔叶树
and towering hardwood trees.
被大裂谷的利刃
Isolated from other mountain forests
斩断了与其他森林的联♥系♥
by the converging arms of the Great Rift Valley,
伦圭山的森林是地球上独一无二的
Mount Rungwe's forests are home to unique creatures.
该地区最近已成为科学家研究的焦点
The area has recently become the focus for scientific research
新的物种不断地被发现...
and new species are being discovered all the time...
...有些甚至生活在大树上
..even up in the treetops.
这是奇庞吉猴
This is a kipunji,
最早发现于2005年，在这之前从来没有拍摄过它
first discovered in 2005 and never filmed before.
看外形和行为，这个新物种类似于白眉猴
In looks and behaviour, the new monkey resembles a mangabey.
但它的DNA和狒狒是一样的
But its DNA is similar to a baboon's.
现在，对于奇庞吉猴的演变起源
For now, the evolutionary origins of the charismatic kipunji
仍然被神秘笼罩着
remain shrouded in mystery.
奇庞吉猴特别喜欢这中带粘性的橙色果子
Kipunjis are particularly fond of this sticky orange cucumber fruit,
和树梢藤上的那些新芽
which sprouts from vines in the treetops.
它们对于100多种植物的施肥
They're known to feed on over 100 different plants
和散播种子起到了至关重要的作用
and play a crucial role in dispersing their seeds.
尽管奇庞吉猴处在濒临灭绝的边缘
But even while scientists begin to uncover their secret lives,
科学家即将揭开它生存的秘密
kipunjis are teetering on the verge of extinction.
(奇庞吉猴呼叫)
KIPUNJIS CALL
(笑声，交谈)
LAUGHTER, CONVERSATION
随着孤立的伦圭山森林
As the isolated forests around Mount Rungwe
的开山造地和树木砍伐的日益加剧......
are cleared for farming and firewood...
.....奇庞吉猴独特的森林栖息地正在日益缩减
..the kipunjis' unique forest habitat is shrinking.
由于只有大约1000只在野外生存
With a mere 1,000 individuals remaining in the wild,
它们已经变成了非洲最稀有的猴子
they are already the rarest monkeys in Africa.
可能会没有多少时间去研究它们
There may be little time left to study them.
幸运的是，奇庞吉猴也有朋友
Fortunately, kipunjis do have friends,
一项当地人参与的保护计划有效地保障了
and a project is now under way to safeguard a part of their forest home
一部分它们的栖息地——
and involve local people in their protection.
奇庞吉猴的靠西北端的森林家园
North-west of the kipunjis' mountain home,
一条大裂谷的分支蜿蜒在坦桑利亚和刚果之间
a branch of the Great Rift curves between Tanzania and the Congo.
谷底包含大量深水湖泊
The valley floor contains vast deepwater lakes,
西边的河床上，一系列的火山山脉
while to the west lies a series of volcanic mountains
约有3英里高
up to three miles high.
而最壮观的位置
And the most spectacular are here,
在维龙加国家公园
in the Virungas National Park.
维龙加火山是非洲最大、最稀有的大型类人猿......
The Virungas volcanoes are home to Africa's largest and rarest great ape...
(大猩猩呼叫)
GORILLA GRUNTS
.....大猩猩的家园
..the mountain gorilla.
高山大猩猩是由低地大猩猩进化而来
Mountain gorillas evolved from lowland gorillas,
大猩猩统治维龙加山大约50万年前
which colonised the Virungas less than half a million years ago,
是火山爆发后迁徙来的
soon after these volcanoes formed.
它们积极挑战高山生活
They responded to the challenge of high-altitude living
它们进化得比低地的近亲更高大，毛皮更厚实
by becoming larger and furrier than their lowland cousins,
这使得它们能够应付长♥期♥寒冷，恶劣的天气