大裂谷：美丽的非洲心脏（2010）

but stealth is always key
如果它们有机会靠近跑的很快的瞪羚
if they are to stand a chance against the fleet-footed tommy.
猎豹也很快
The cheetah is faster,
但瞪羚有充沛的体力，它可以更快
but the tommy can turn quicker and has more stamina.
猎豹每次追逐最远不能超过300米
Each chase lasts only 300 metres at most,
但这几秒内却决定了瞪羚的命运
but those few seconds decide the fate of the tommy.
TOMMY BLEATS
THEY SNORT
在公平的追逐中，猎豹成功的机会只有50%
In a fair chase, the cheetah has a 50/50 chance of catching a meal
是所有非洲大型猫科动物中成功率最高的
the highest success rate of all the African big cats.
一次不幸的跌倒足以让瞪羚丢掉性命
An unlucky stumble is enough to seal a tommy's fate.
BLEATS
FLIES BUZZ
对于草原上的食草动物，在这里生存是要付出代价的
For savanna herbivores, living here has a price.
但这里丰沛的草原是值得它们冒险的
But the richness of these grasslands make it worth the risk,
如此诱人的奖励，吸引灵长类倾巢而出
and the rewards are so tempting that even a primate has made them home.
灵长类通常居住在森林里
Primates are normally forest dwellers.
到茂密的开阔草原觅食时相当危险地
To flourish on the open plains has been a hard step to take.
东非狒狒是数量极少的灵长类之一
The olive baboon is one of very few monkeys
它们成功的生存与稀树草原
to make a success of savanna life.
对于一个在平原上生存的小动物，安全很重要
For a small animal on the plains, there's safety in numbers.
群体生活需要有组织性
Living in a large troop requires organisation.
以避免不断地争吵
To avoid constant squabbling,
狒狒已近进化出一种复杂的社会秩序
the baboons have developed a sophisticated social order.
互相梳理毛发不仅仅只是为了卫生
Regular grooming is not just for reasons of hygiene.
更重要的是，经常交流还是维系社会关系的纽带
The constant contact is important for social bonding.
这是一个不错的社交方式
It's a good way to make friends.
强壮的雄性完全有能力保护它们
Males are tough enough to look after themselves,
并反覆挑选
and come and go as they choose.
但母亲和孩子必须待在一起
But mothers and babies must stick together.
小家伙们对建立阶层和秩序是很重要的
The little ones are very important for establishing rank and order.
BABY SQUEALS
BABY SQUEALS
这只小狒狒闯进了它母亲交流的地方
This baby is being used to keep its mother in her place.
如果这只雌狒狒要留在群体里
The mother must sit and watch it being treated roughly
便只能眼睁睁地看着它
by the more dominant female
被阶级更高的雌狒狒殴打
if she wants to stay within the safety of the troop.
它的低等级意味着它不得不忍♥受高阶层的压♥迫♥
Her low rank means she has no choice but to tolerate her oppressor.
狒狒的社会里的不平等现象也是相当严酷的
Whilst the inequalities of baboon society might seem harsh,
这种错综复杂的关系和交流方式
this system of complex relationships and communication
是它们在草原上生活时必不可少的
is essential for their survival in the savanna.
UNDERDOG SQUEALS
黄昏时
When darkness falls,
狒狒敏锐的感官对它们很有帮助
the baboons' sharp senses fail them
因为它们必须要回到树上睡觉
and they must return to the trees to sleep,
以避过夜间猎食者
safe from night prowlers.
狒狒具备的洞察能力
Baboon behaviour can give an insight
是任何在草原上生活的灵长类所必备的
into what it takes for any primate to survive on the savanna.
我们的灵长类祖先可能也是以同样的方式应付开阔平原的
Our own primate ancestors may have coped on the open plains in a similar way.
但是，还有一中在裂谷生活的灵长类
But there's another primate in the Rift Valley
它可以告诉我们关于我们古老的历史
that can tell us more about our ancient history.
在乌干达基巴莱森林，黑猩猩是在床上过夜的
In Uganda's Kibale Forest, chimps are bedding down for the night.
它们把树枝掰弯成巢穴状，然后再上面睡觉
They bend branches into a nest for a restful night's sleep,
正如800万年前我们共同的祖先可能做
just as our common ancestors might have done
祖先可能做的一样
over eight million years ago.
我们在非洲的原始丛林生活古代亲属
Our ancient relatives living in the primeval jungles of Africa
拥有和现代非洲黑猩猩一样发达的脑和动手能力
shared the well-developed brains and nimble hands of modern chimpanzees.
但随着东非大裂谷的形成
But at the same time that the Great Rift Valley formed
以及森林的消退，我们的祖先迁徙
and the forests were pushed back, our ancestors moved out
到草原，离开了其背后的黑猩猩亲属
into the savannas, leaving their chimpanzee relatives behind.
黑猩猩现在依然不能适应草原生活
Chimpanzees are still poorly adapted for savanna life.
它们的身体抬高，蹲在草丛中也可以看到
Their bodies are too squat to see over the long grass,
它们也没有快速奔跑的四肢
and their limbs aren't built for speed
因此不可以像羚羊那样摆脱天敌
like an antelope that can outrun predators.
但是，像今天的人类一样，我们的祖先学会了双腿直立行走
But like humans today, our ancestors walked tall on two legs
并用灵活的双手狩猎和制♥作♥防御性武器
and had hands free to carry weapons for hunting and defence.
我们的祖先多肉类的饮食意味着它们的大脑在增大
More meat in our diet meant our brains expanded
并组建了日益复杂和强大的社会群体
and our societies grew ever more complex and powerful.
随着时间的推移，我们的祖先成为草原的主人
In time, we became masters of the savanna.
我们感谢这个造就我们的祖先这个非凡而成功物种的土地
We owe our extraordinary success as a species to this place -
人类的摇篮...
the cradle of humanity...
..非洲大裂谷
..in Africa's Great Rift Valley.
工作人员提出了一个更严峻的挑战，要拍摄
Filming sleeping chimps in the forests of Kibale National Park
基巴莱国家公园的森林里正在睡觉得黑猩猩
presented some serious challenges for the crew.
他们将会漆黑巨大的热带树木
They had to climb huge tropical trees in the pitch dark.
但首先他们必须找到黑猩猩
But first they had to find the chimps,
那就意味着他们必须带着很重的行李
and that meant trekking for miles through the jungle
徒步穿越数英里的丛林
with some serious baggage.
一旦发现它们，他们必须坚持等待天黑
Once they found them, they had to wait until dark,
黑猩猩回到筑巢的时候
when the chimps had picked their nesting spots.
他们的任务是爬到到树冠以及像电影里一样的和上面的黑猩猩一起睡觉
Their mission was to climb into the canopy and film the chimps sleeping -
from above.
但是，这就意味着在黑暗中攀爬
But this meant climbing in the dark,
这将是给工作人员的严苛考验
which would put the crew to the test.
黑猩猩的巢穴建在离地面4至40米之间的任何位置
Chimps nest anywhere between 4 and 40 metres off the ground,
它们一个地方只会去一次
and never in the same place twice.
第一项任务是找到一棵好上的大树
The first task is to find a tree suitable for climbing
且不会惊扰到黑猩猩
without disturbing the chimps.
夜幕降临
When darkness falls,
摄制组正在研究如何加强拍摄的范围
the team use image-intensifying scopes to look into the canopy.
最后决定由爬树高手蒂姆福克去执行任务
The final say goes to tree-climbing expert Tim Fogg.
WHISPERS: 这个主意不太好
WHISPERS: It's not good at all.
事实上我们今晚还没有找到一棵可以作为拍摄点的树
There are no trees which give us a view of the nests tonight.
这真的很沮丧，因为它们...它们都在这里 -
It's just really frustrating, because they're...they're all here -
我们的正上方有6或7个巢
there's about six or seven nests right above us
和旁边的不同
and a bit off to that side,
但这里没有大树可以俯视它们
but there's no big trees overlooking them,
因此我们坚持...今晚只能依靠爬树了
so we're stuck... stuck on climbing tonight.
我想我们应该可以在地下拍摄它们
I think we'll probably just do ground shots of them.
我看不到任何东西，站起来也没用
I can't see anything I can get up that's any use at all.
夜里，它们制♥造♥了森林地面防线
Grounded for the night, they set up the kit on the forest floor.
还好摄影师马丁多恩已研发出全新夜视摄像机
Cameraman Martin Dohrn has developed a brand-new night-vision camera
根本不需要何人工照明
that can see without any artificial light at all.
它叫做星光摄影机
It's called a starlight camera
它使用了图像增强器，这意味着它可以捕获
and it uses an image intensifier that means it can capture
人眼看不见的许多动物古怪行为
unique animal behaviour not usually visible to the human eye.
WHISPERS: 令人惊讶的是，我们现在拍摄到了一只沉睡的黑猩猩
WHISPERS: Amazingly, we have now got a shot of a sleeping chimpanzee.
这不是一个好的镜头,
It's not a great shot,
也不是一个很意外的镜头
it's not a remarkable shot,
但它可能是有史以来第一次
but it is probably the first time ever
拍摄到的在大树上的巢穴里睡觉得大猩猩
that a chimpanzee has been filmed asleep in its tree nest.
它实际上像老大哥一样和蔼，而且更有去
This is actually kind of like Big Brother, only more interesting.
但摄制组还是不满意地面的拍摄
But the team aren't satisfied with filming from the ground.
欣慰的是地面的拍摄很成功
Encouraged by their terrestrial success,
第二天晚上有工作人员悄悄地跟踪黑猩猩
the next night sees the crew stalk the chimps
找到了更好的拍摄位置
to a much better location for climbing.
这后面恰好有一颗大树
There is a big tree right in the back there.
只是我们还没决定是否把它当做拍摄点
It's just whether we'd get a view through.
后面有棵大树，后面还有一颗更高的大树
The big tree behind that. There's a much higher tree behind that.
是的，我想是这样
Yeah, I think so.
蒂姆用瞄准镜瞄准了大树顶端的树杈
Tim aims his catapult at a branch high in the canopy.
好了。我想已经挂上去了
OK. I think I got that.
黑猩猩在夜里非常敏感
Chimps are super-sensitive in the night,
也没有人知道有一个摄制组在它们上面活动它们会作何反应，
and no-one knows how they'll react to a film crew swinging above them.
CHIMPS SHRIEK
绑好绳子只是爬树过程的第一步
Getting the ropes up is just the start of the climbing process.
现在我们必须测试绳子的负重程度
We've got to load-test the ropes now,
我但担心的是，在我们拉的时候...
and what I'm dreading is that when we pull...
我们将绳子套在两个人身上
We're going to hang two of us on the ropes
如果它是否承受得起
to see if the branches will hold it,
断开的话
and if it breaks,
我不知道这样会不会引起黑猩猩的骚乱
I don't know, well, it's going to cause mayhem with the chimps.
这是...但是，我们必须尝试
It's... But we have to try.
明智的做法是，在我没有找到足以承受我的粗壮树杈时
Safety-wise, I can't go up there without seeing
我是不会上去的，事情就是这样
that the branches are strong enough to take me, so that's it.