了解宇宙是如何运行的（2010）

我们的宇宙是由什么组成的？
What does our universe consist of?
这是科学界最大的未解之谜
It is the biggest unanswered question in science.
并非如“太空”的名字一样，任何情况下都不是一个空无的空间
Despite the name, it is not space In an empty space in any case.
空间本身由一些物质组成的
Space itself consists of something.
空间本身有隐藏的结构和力量存在
Hidden structure and strength are present in the space itself.
空间是一种非常动态的动态媒介
Space is a very dynamic dynamic medium.
一种连接宇宙万物的力量
A force that connects everything in our universe.
他是生命游戏中的一个非常重要的角色
He is a vital player in the game of life.
它强化了我们的现实，从一开始就连接了时间和空间
It strengthens our reality, connects Time and space from the start.
我们叫他“时空”
We call him "spacetime.".
总之，时空就是宇宙
It's all, space-time is what the universe is.
时空是宇宙运作的方式
Spacetime is how our universe works.
但它到底是什么呢？你如何控制我们的过去，现在和未来？
But what exactly is it? How do you control our past, our present and our future?
宇宙是如何运行的
第六季第十集 时空之迷
我们看不到它
We cannot see it.
我们摸不到它
We cannot touch it.
但如果没有时空……我们就不会在这里了
But without space-time ... we wouldn't be there.
时空是我们的现实结构，它塑造和支配着我们的生活
Space-time is our fabric It shapes and governs our lives.
如果我们想了解宇宙的故事，那它是谁？最重要的是理解时空的行为
If we wanted to understand the story of the universe, then who is it? The important thing is to understand the behavior of space-time.
时空自万物开始就活跃，是万物发展的关键
Spacetime active since everything began It is the key to the development of everything.
我们必须了解时空才能了解宇宙的历史
We have to understand spacetime to understand the history of the universe.
了解宇宙是如何开始的，进化是如何发生的，以及未来会发生什么
To understand how the universe began, and how Evolution, and what will happen in the future.
时空的故事就是我们宇宙的故事
The story of spacetime is the story of our universe.
知道故事是如何发展的，以及它将如何结束 我们得从头溯源
To know how the story revolves, and how It will end . We have to go back to the beginning.
一个一无所有的原初时刻
Until there is nothing.
在有“时间”之前，没有恒星也没有空间
There are no stars or space A time before time.
……突然
...Suddenly.
我们整个宇宙在大爆♥炸♥中诞生了
Our entire universe was born in the Big Bang.
就在这一刹那间，我们的宇宙从虚无中诞生了
It started in a moment, as our universe arose out of nowhere.
宇宙大爆♥炸♥的定义就是：时间和空间诞生的那一刻
The definition of the moment of the Big Bang is The origins of time and space at that moment.
据我们所知，这就是时间和空间开始存在的起源时刻
It is as far as we know it is a genesis Time and space are the same.
新生的宇宙，时空中的一个能量小点，在虚无中转变为实体
The nascent universe, a finite point of Energy and spacetime, embodied in nothing.
然后宇宙突然膨胀了
Then the universe suddenly expanded.
如何理解呢？？膨胀就是它本来是一个无限小的点，在很短的时间内，比一秒还短许多，却增长了很多很多的数量级
The idea of ??expansion is that it is an infinitesimal spot, and in little time Very much less than a second, growing to fold and fold.
想象一下我突然变成一个星系那么大
Imagine me suddenly becoming the size of a galaxy.
刹那间，宇宙从原子般渺小变成棒球般大小
In a split second, the universe grew from Less than corn to the size of a basket ball.
从宇宙的角度来说，这就像一粒沙子到可见宇宙的大小
In cosmic terms, this is like growth A grain of sand to the size of the visible universe.
宇宙膨胀得比光还快
The moment the universe expands faster than light.
这似乎突破了我们在物理中学到的一切
It looks like a breach of everything we learned in physics.
天文爱好者可能会争辩说，没有什么比光移♥动♥得更快
The astronomer may argue, saying Nothing moves faster than light.
这在某种程度上是正确的
This is somewhat true.
但物理的定义是在时空中，任何物体移♥动♥的速度不可能超过光速
But the rule is that he is not traveling Something across the universe is faster than light.
然而现在是时空在膨胀，空间本身就是膨胀的东西，所以没有违背物理定律
<这么理解：在超光速的膨胀时空中，两个物体以超光速远离，而实际上这两个物体根本就没有移♥动♥——译者注>
In expansion, space itself is what It expands, there is no breach or contradiction.
通过快速膨胀，宇宙经历了惊人的增长速度
By rapidly expanding, the universe has undergone a phenomenal growth rate.
在宇宙大爆♥炸♥的那一刻，时空是一个向各个方向运动的实体，空间本身也在膨胀
At the moment of the Big Bang, spacetime was an entity Moving in all directions, the space itself was expanding.
但宇宙并不是均匀膨胀的
But the universe did not expand evenly.
宇宙中的某个点有可能比其他的地方更稠密一些
There was more slick from the universe Intensity just below it.
我们说的只是很小的一部分，十万分之一，但这已经足够了
And we're talking about a very small percentage Part of a hundred thousand, but that was enough.
时空膨胀中发生的差异是由密度更高的区域造成的
The differences occurred in spacetime Expansion is made with areas of higher density.
在高密度区域，膨胀使得此区域变得更大
The expansion made those High-density areas are larger.
这促成了宇宙的形成
This allowed the formation of our universe.
当我们宇宙的各个部分没有平均膨胀时，物质突然开始聚集
When the parts of our universe have not expanded Equally, things started to gather suddenly.
当宇宙冷却时，能量就会转变成物质
When the universe cooled, energy turned into matter.
在密度较大的区域，物质开始结合在一起
And this substance joined together in the densest areas.
于是就出现了这样的区域，其临界质量大于其他区域
And they had those areas in a way A critical mass is greater than other regions.
质量会导致时空弯曲，所以它所组成的物质都会导致时空的弯曲
The mass bends spacetime so what It consists of the material bends spacetime.
物质越多，时空弯曲也就越明显
The more the material in Somewhere the bend over was over.
我现在就在弯曲时空
I'm folding space-time now.
当我鞠躬时，会弯曲得更多，因为这样肌肉密度更大
When I bow, I fold More because there is more muscle density.
我不会弯曲到极限，我可不想破坏地球和太阳系
I don't bend as hard as I can By destroying the Earth and the Solar System.
但这是一种效应，是真实存在的
But it's an effect, it's a fact.
如果你想象我戴着能直接看到时空的眼镜
If you imagine wearing glasses that allow I can see spacetime directly.
突然间，你就会清晰地看到宇宙中这些隐藏的时空弯曲的特征，就像我的手清晰地呈现在你面前一样
Suddenly, you see these hidden features The curved universe is like a hand in front of my face.
我们就能看到时空网格的曲率，因空间内移♥动♥的物体而相互作用
We would have seen the curvature of the spacetime network It moves and interacts with the objects inside it.
我们就能感知到时空的弯曲，我们称之为引力
And we felt the curvature of space-time As a force we call gravity.
引力不同于所有其他的力
Gravity differs from all other forces.
它与时空的弯曲存在密切的关系
It is related to the curvature of space-time.
使时空弯曲的物质都有引力
The thing that bends spacetime has gravity.
引力是时空弯曲的本质
That gravity folds spacetime itself.
这的确很难表述
It's hard to represent.
但与之有相似之处的是空中飞人和他们的安全网
But the good resemblance is an acrobatic swing and a safety net.
想象一下杂技演员故意落在网上，网格是平的，看起来像一个相等距离的网格
Imagine acrobatic intentionally falling on the net and that The grid is flat and looks like an equal distance grid.
但是当他们落下时，他们就会弯曲网格，就像弯曲时空一样
But when do they fall, they misrepresent that Grid, and it's a lot like space.
当空间中存在物质时，就会使网格弯曲
When matter is in space, it deflects the frame.
杂技演员什么时候落到网上，就会使时空产生一点弯曲
When does an acrobat settle down on the net? Then the spacetime is bent slightly.
如果两个演员一起下来，质量就会翻倍，质量越大，网格就会凹陷得越深，时空扭曲就越明显
If acrobatic settles, the mass doubles in itself The larger the decrease the more the deviation is greater.
这就是时空的运作方式
And this is how space-time works.
质量越大，意味着更大的时空曲率
Excess mass means a greater curvature of space-time.
也意味着有更多的引力
It means more attraction.
但是理解引力时空的本质并不是一件容易的事
But understand the nature of gravity Spacetime is not an easy thing.
这是有史以来最伟大的人提出来的想法
It is an idea coined by anyone Greatest minds ever.
爱因斯坦创造了空间是一个实体的想法，它自己可以被弯曲和拉伸
Einstein coined the idea that space is an entity By itself it can be folded and folded.
我们被时空束缚着
We are bound by space-time.
“爱因斯坦”假设时空有几何构造
"Einstein" assumes that space Time has mathematical engineering.
他们有自己的生命和驱动力
They have both their lives and their driving power.
这种驱动力就是我们所说的万有引力
That driving force is what we call gravity.
物质区域的密度越大，引力越大，弯曲程度就越深
The greater the density of the material region The gravity is deeper and the curve is deeper.
这种联♥系♥是我们物理学的现实基础
This bond is the foundation of our material reality.
物质，能量和时空之间的相互作用创造了我们今天所看到的宇宙
The interaction between matter, energy, and spacetime What created the universe that we see around us today.
但这并不意味着我们完全理解它
But that does not mean that we fully understand it.
我们知道的不多，这很令人失望
We don't know much, and it's disappointing.
根据物理定律，我可以讨论时空是如何运动的
With the laws of physics I can I talk about how space-time behaves.
但它似乎是一个拉伸和收缩的实体，引力是时空的体现
But it appears to be a stretching and shrinking entity And that gravity is the embodiment of spacetime.
在大爆♥炸♥中长大的它融合了时间、空间和能量创造了我们新生的宇宙
Growing up in the Big Bang, he merged Time, space and energy to make our newborn universe.
这些基本材料就是基础
Those basic materials were the basis.
但是我们如今所看到的如此复杂的结构又是如何形成的呢？
But how did we get to the structures extremely The complexity that we see today?
时空是如何构建我们伟大的宇宙的？
How did spacetime build our great universe?
整个宇宙在138亿年前的大爆♥炸♥中诞生
Our entire universe arose in the explosion The Great 13.8 billion years ago.
一切都是凭空产生的
Everything arose out of nowhere.
但我们当代的宇宙是一个复杂的物质混合物
But our contemporary universe is a complex mixture of materials.
我们对我们的宇宙和星系中这种奇特的组成方式感到惊奇，并扪心自问这一切从何而来？
We marvel at our approach to this strange composition For our universe and galaxies and ask yourselves where did all this come from?
宇宙中的物质在巨大的宇宙网络中自我组织
The matter in the universe organizes Itself on a vast cosmic web.
星系和星系团都成片状或者线状附着在上面
Galaxies and galaxy clusters are arranged on plates and strings.
……组织这个错综复杂的网络的宇宙建筑师就是
... that intricate web was organized by Cosmic Architect.
时空
Spacetime.
他约束所有物质，从行星到星系，从原子到城市
He formed everything from planets For galaxies, and atoms for cities.
宇宙是由时空组成的
The universe consists of spacetime.
无论物质是什么，时间和空间都是相关连的，它们膨胀并创造了我们周围看到的宇宙
Whatever the matter, time and space are related They expand and create the universe that we see around us.
总之，时空就是宇宙
It's all, space-time is what the universe is.
这是一个难以理解的概念
It is a difficult idea to understand.
也是最难想象的
The most difficult to imagine.
科学家们正在用不同波长的光观察宇宙
Scientists are watching the universe in Various wavelengths of light.
……这是用可见光来观察太阳，这是X射线……这是紫外线
... this is the sun with visible light X-rays ... and ultraviolet light.
想象一下，如果我们能用时空光谱来观察它
Imagine if we could see it with the spectrum of space-time.
我们会看到物体经过时造成的时空扭曲
We'll see space-time deviation as objects pass through it.
时空可以扭曲和推动物体
Spacetime can deviate and push objects around.
它可以拉伸和拆卸物体
It can stretch and push out objects.
但时空的形状决定了我们如何感知到它
But the shape of spacetime determines how we see it.
想象一下，当你驾驶一辆汽车在上山或下山时
Imagine you are in a car as you climb up and down a hill.
地球表面的形状决定它如何穿越地球表面
The shape of the Earth's surface is what determines it How to travel across the surface of the Earth.
同样，时空的几何构造决定了光和物质在时空中移♥动♥的方式
In the same way, the geometry of spacetime is determined How light and matter travel through space-time.
规则很简单
The rules are simple.
具备质量的物质决定了时空如何弯曲
Matter, and what object tells space-time how to bend.
时空的曲率告诉物质如何运动
The curvature of space-time tells the material how to move.
因为时空的构造决定了物质如何移♥动♥，我们称之为引力
Because the shape of spacetime tells the material How to move, in what we call gravity.
这意味着引力和时空的构造决定了物质它是如何聚集成团然后创造出更大的结构
This means that gravity and the shape of spacetime tell Matter is how it coalesces and creates larger structures.
但刚开始的时候，那时的时空环境和现在的环境截然不同
But at first, it was an environment Space-time is different from its environment today.
最早出现的物质改变了时空的形状
The first article began to change the shape of spacetime.
当这里的一小块空间里的物质比另一边空间里的物质多一点
In this space there is a substance A little more room here.
无论什么地方，只要有额外质量的地方，就会让空间弯曲更多一点