了解宇宙是如何运行的（2010）

How the Universe Works S06E01

Part 7 Dec. 22, 2021, 7:22 p.m.

Scientists say they're out
there, but we can't see them.
数学上说在黑洞的核心存在奇点
Math says there's a singularity
at a black hole's core,
但在自然界中，奇点是不存在的
but in nature,
these don't exist.
我们用来理解宇宙的规则
The rules we use
to understand the universe
似乎并不适用于黑洞
simply don't seem
to apply to black holes.
那我们该怎么办呢？
So where does that leave us?
也许广义相对论所描述的
Maybe a classical black hole
具有视界的经典黑洞
with an event horizon
described by general relativity
并不是物理学的正确描述
just isn't the proper
description of the physics.
这种理论的缺乏
This lack of understanding
为一些旨在证明黑洞存在的古怪理论
opens the door
to some outlandish theories
打开了一扇大门
that aim to show
black holes can exist.
但有一个想法是最奇怪的
But one idea stands out
as the strangest of them all.
在我们对宇宙的理解中
In our understanding
of the universe,
有两个地方似乎所有的东西都崩溃了
there are two places where
everything seems to break down.
一个是在黑洞的中心
One is inside the heart
of a black hole.
另一个是大爆♥炸♥之前发生的事情
The other is what happened
right before the big bang.
有些人想知道
And some people have wondered
这两件事是否有联♥系♥
if these two things
could be linked.
这听起来很疯狂，但你可以建立一个模型
It sounds crazy,
but there's actually a model
在这个模型中
that you could put together
我们对宇宙的所有观察
in which all of our
observations of the universe
都与我们
are entirely consistent
身处黑洞中完全一致
with us actually being
inside of a black hole.
这是怎么做到的？
How would that work?
黑洞的核心应该有一个
Well, a black hole
is supposed to have
很小的、密度很大的区域
a tiny, dense region at its core
里面有成千上万吨♥的物质
containing trillions
and trillions of tons of matter.
有一种理论认为，当物质
There is a theory
that as matter is crushed
被挤压到黑洞的中心时
into the center of a black hole,
it actually reaches a point
它实际上达到了一个不能再被挤压的点
where it can be crushed
no further.
事实上，像这样的事件可能会导致大爆♥炸♥
An event like this could,
in fact, lead to a big bang.
当黑洞中的坍塌物质
When the collapsing matter
in the black hole
达到最大密度时……
reaches a maximum density...
它反弹回来
it bounces back,
向外扩张，形成灾难性的爆♥炸♥
expanding outwards
in a cataclysmic explosion.
随着时间的推移，物质逐渐冷却，形成原子
The matter gradually cools
over time to form atoms,
形成星系、恒星和行星
building galaxies,
stars, and planets.
如果这听起来很熟悉
If that sounds familiar,
那是因为它和我们今天看到的宇宙很像
it's because it's just like
the universe we see today.
这是关于像我们这样的宇宙是如何形成的一种观点……
This is one idea for how a
universe like ours is formed...
事实上，我们都生活在
That, in fact, we all live
inside of a black hole
以这种方式产生的黑洞里
that was created this way.
仅在我们的星系中
Within our galaxy alone,
就有数千万个黑洞
there are tens of millions
of black holes.
于是就会想…它们中的每一个
And just think...
Inside each one of them
是否都可能是一个等待诞生的新生宇宙
could be a baby universe
waiting to be born.
这是难以置信的
That's incredible.
我们是在一个黑洞里吗？
Are we inside of a black hole
that exists in a universe
而这个黑洞是否又存在于另一个宇宙中
that has other black holes
that has other universes
并又存在于另一个宇宙的黑洞中？
which exists
inside of a black hole?
如此像套娃般，直至无穷？
It goes on and on and on
ad infinitum.
再说一遍，这些都是理论性的
Once again,
this is all theoretical,
但这是一个令人信服的观点
but it's a compelling idea.
我是说，我们真的存在于黑洞中吗？
I mean, are we actually existing
inside of a black hole?
我不知道，但是，你知道吗
I don't know, but, you know,
有时候当我坐在车里等待回家的时候
sometimes when I'm sitting
in traffic waiting to get home,
感觉时间好像无限延伸了
it feels like time is
stretched out infinitely.
我不是想让你在晚上失眠
I don't think that
you should lose sleep at night
然后去想我们是否真的在黑洞里
wondering if we're actually
inside of a black hole.
答案是“可能不会”
The answer is "probably not."
但因为黑洞只是将我们对自然的理解推向了极限
But because black holes
are just pushing at the edge
它们是我们对宇宙中
of what we understand
about nature,
所有不了解的一切事物的
they are
the perfect illustration
最完美的诠释
of everything that we don't know
about the universe,
当然还有很多
and that is a lot.
那么，什么是我们知道的？
So, what do we know?
我们看不到黑洞
We can't see black holes.
我们只能找到有关他们的间接证据
We can only find
circumstantial evidence of them.
它们违反了预测它们的物理定律
They violate the laws of physics
that predict them.
它们甚至可能是毛茸茸的
They may even be hairy.
那么，它们真的存在吗？
So, do they actually exist?
所以,我现在就告诉你,在现代物理学中
So, I will tell you that
right now in modern physics,
我们不知道在黑洞的中心
we have no idea what is going on
发生了什么
inside the heart
of a black hole,
黑洞真正意义上是否真的存在
whether black holes in the true
sense really exist at all,
但奇妙的是，现在物理学
but the wonderful thing is
that physics is now taking us
为我们的指出了我们以前从未想到过的道路
down paths that we would never
have imagined before.
缺乏关于黑洞如何工作的证据
Lack of evidence
of how black holes work
并不能成为反对黑洞存在的证据
is not evidence against
the existence of black holes.
这只是缺乏理解的证据
It's just evidence
of lack of understanding.
如果你问我相信什么
If you ask me what I believe,
我只能告诉你我不相信黑洞
I'd have to tell you that
I don't believe in black holes.
我相信一些行为像黑洞的东西
I believe in something
which behaves like black holes.
可能我们宇宙中那些所有
It could be that
all the objects in our universe
我们现在认定为黑洞的物体
that we currently identify
as black holes
都不是真正的黑洞
aren't really black holes,
但如果我要打赌，我会赌黑洞
but if I were to bet,
I would bet on black holes.
我认为这是最简单的解释
I think they're
the simplest explanation.
是的，它们有很多问题需要我们解决
Yep, they have a lot of problems
that we have to resolve,
但我的确……我相信黑洞的存在
but I do...
I believe in black holes.
不管我们看到的是什么
Whatever it is
that we're seeing,
它闻起来像黑洞
it smells like a black hole,
走起来像黑洞，叫起来也像黑洞
walks like a black hole,
it quacks like a black hole.
它是一个黑洞
It's a black hole.
现在，黑洞是我们所看到的
Right now, black holes
are the best explanation