大猫（2018）

猫科动物
Cats.
同一个种族
One family
四十种面貌
40 different faces.
他们比其他任何动物更令人着迷
They captivate us, like no other animal.
但出人意料地 我们对这些
But surprisingly little is known
非凡的捕食者所知甚少
about these remarkable predators.
而现在 满怀热情的人们t
Right now, across the planet,
跨越这个星球 致力于更好地
passionate people are devoting themselves
了解猫科动物
to learning more about cats...
好了 正在下载750号♥项圈里的数据
0h, here we go, we're downloading collar 750.
他们想方设法地
Going to extraordinary lengths
取得了比以往更近距离的接触
to get closer than ever before...
好家伙
Holy mackerel.
他是个不听话的家伙
He's a loose cannon.
发现新的东西
Making new discoveries
就是这样
There you go.
-就是这样 -好样的 金妮
- There we go. - Good job, Ginny.
揭示了许多与他们生活相关的隐秘
That reveal the intimate secrets of their lives.
它在那里 就在我们前面
There it is, just in front of us.
真是特别
Oh, that's very special.
在这个所有猫科动物都前途未卜的时候
At a time when all cats face an uncertain future...
如果我们掉以轻心
If we get complacent,
我们可能会看到老虎灭绝
we could see tigers go extinct.
这是个令人赞叹的大发现时代
This is an amazing age of discovery
正在彻底地改变
that's revolutionising
在那儿
There!
我们对猫科动物的看法
how we view the cats.
大 猫
猎豹是世界上速度最快的陆生动物
Cheetahs are the world's fastest land animal.
据说他们能比法拉利更快地加速
It's said they can accelerate faster than a Ferrari.
但没人确切地知道他们到底能有多快
But no one knows for sure what they're really capable of.
艾伦·威尔逊教授过去的五年里
Professor Alan Wilson has spent the last five years
都在试图找到答案
trying to find out.
猎豹很不可思议
Cheetahs are amazing.
他们比其他任何生物都快得多
They're so much faster than anything else.
这种动物的加速是尤塞恩·博尔特的四倍
We've got an animal that has got four times the acceleration
牙买♥♥加短跑运动员 曾多次打破世界纪录
最快速度也是他的两倍多
of Usain Bolt and more than twice the top speed.
我们怎么可能不被吸引去研究他们
How can they not be fascinating to study?
艾伦想要找到猎豹的最快速度
Alan wants to find the cheetahs' top speed
在速度真正发挥作用的时候
when it really counts -
也就是他们捕猎的时候
during a hunt.
他研发出了高科技项圈
He's developed hi-tech collars
来记录猎豹捕猎时的速度
to record the cheetahs' speed, position
位置 和重力
and G-force while they're hunting.
猎豹很快就消失不见了
The cheetahs soon disappear -
他们的捕猎范围涵盖了方圆几百公里
they cover hundreds of miles in search of their prey.
这使得从项圈中取回信息
That makes getting any information
成为了一个真正的挑战
back from the collars a real challenge.
艾伦的对策呢
Alan's solution?
他从零开始造了架飞机
He's built his own plane... from scratch.
学着如何驾驶它
Learnt how to fly it
然后在上面装满了最新的科技
and then filled it to the brim with the latest technology.
机翼上装有追踪天线
We have a tracking antenna on the wing.
有一个三维激光扫描仪
We have a three-dimensional laser scanner.
在常平架上装了台摄像机
We have a video camera on a gimbal.
那是个导弹制导系统
That's a missile guidance system.
来找猎豹吧
OK, let's go find some cheetah.
空中飞行
Coming into the air is
对于野生动物研究来说是一个重要的变革
just such a revolution for wildlife research.
猎豹在左侧机翼方向
0K, cheetahs on the left wing tip.
猎豹的项圈记录了他们运动的细节
The cheetahs' collars record details of their movements
每秒三百次
300 times a second.
当飞机飞过时
As the plane flies over,
它锁定每个项圈 并下载其中的数据
it locks on to each collar and downloads the data.
好了 正在下载750号♥项圈里的数据
There we go, we're downloading collar 750.
每一个文件代表一次捕猎
Each of those files represents one hunt.
在记录了超过五百次捕猎后
After recording over 500 hunts,
艾伦确定了猎豹的最快速度是93公里每小时
Alan clocked a cheetah's top speed of 58mph.
非常惊人
Impressive.
但令他惊讶的是
But what surprised him
他们在大部分的捕猎行动中跑得慢一些
was that most hunts were much slower,
只发挥出了潜在最快速度的一半
only half their potential top speed.
原来对于猎豹来说
It turns out, for a cheetah,
捕猎并非全靠冲刺的
hunting is not all about the sprint.
那么他们到底是靠什么抓到晚餐的呢
So what are they relying on to catch their dinner?
为了调查 艾伦招募了三个志愿者
To investigate, Alan has enlisted three volunteers...
还有一条绑在绳子上的布条
and a rag on a string.
这些人工抚养的猎豹最喜欢追逐移♥动♥诱饵
These hand-reared cheetah love chasing a moving lure...
完全再现了猎豹的捕猎行为
replicating how cheetahs behave when hunting.
猎物通常是不会一直直线奔跑的
Prey animals don't run in a straight line for long.
为了追捕猎物
To follow their prey,
猎豹就需要同步改变方向
cheetahs must also weave and change direction.
这种动作当然就会减慢他们的速度
This manoeuvring inevitably slows them down...
但这也正是他们最大的长处
but it's also where their real strength lies.
不断的加速和减速中
The accelerations and decelerations,
转弯时产生的重力加速度很大
the G-forces they're pulling in the turns, are very high.
他们腿部的力量
The force going through their legs
足够折断成人的腿骨
would be enough to break a human leg bone.
诱饵转弯了 猎豹也倾斜转弯
The lure's just taken the corner and the cheetah's banking,
你看它这里尾巴的动作
and see how it's using its tail here,
帮助它完成身体转向
which is helping control the roll of its body
稳定身体 稍微减慢速度以转弯
and helping stabilise it, and it slowed down to turn,
然后再次加速 冲向猎物
then it's accelerating again out of shot towards the lure.
猎豹狩猎
Rather than speed,
成功的关键不是速度 而是
the key to the cheetahs' hunting success...
敏捷
is their agility.
一开始我们认为猎豹是短跑精英
We started believing that cheetahs are the elite sprinter
这是他们最突出的特点
and that was their main attribute.
现在我们看到他们其实是体操运动员
What we've seen is that they're gymnasts -
他们能加速 有极强的机动性
they can accelerate, they can manoeuvre,
能转向
they can turn.
这才是他们的特长
And that is what they're good at.
速度简直成了这种运动的副产品
Almost the speed is a by-product of all that athleticism.
所以他们是非凡的运动员
So they are remarkable athletes
但我们不该认为他们只靠速度
but we shouldn't think of them as just a speed merchant,
他们还有很多其他技能
there's much more to their repertoire than that.
完成了调查猎豹捕猎秘诀的难题
Having challenged our idea of how cheetahs hunt,
接下来艾伦将注意力放在了捕猎地点上
Alan's now turning his attention to where they hunt.
我们一直认为他们主要栖息在开阔平原
It's long been thought that open grassland is their prime habitat
但这恐怕也是错误概念
but even that may not be true.
我们发现他们在林间 茂密的灌木丛
What we're seeing is they're actually even more successful
甚至农场要更加自如
in trees, in dense scrub and even in farmland.
其实这也是情理之中
And this makes sense.
高超的机动技巧
Extraordinary manoeuvrability
让他们在林间和灌木丛迷宫中曲折
offers a huge advantage when twisting and turning
以及转弯上有了很大优势
through a maze of trees and shrubs.
在这里 猎豹可不只是能追上猎物
Here, cheetahs can more than match their prey.
就算是我们最熟悉的猫科动物
Even with the most familiar cats...
也还有很多我们还不了解的地方
there's still so much to discover.
狮子
Lions.
高级猎手
Supreme hunters.
最强壮的猫科动物
The strongest cat.
会不会也是最聪明的大猫呢
Could they also be the cleverest big cat?
娜塔莉亚·博雷戈博士显然是这么认为的
Dr Natalia Borrego certainly thinks so,
于是她踏上了证明这件事的征程
and is on a mission to prove it...
然而这点普通猫科动物都很难检验
although it's not the easiest thing to test in any cat,
更别说狮子了
let alone a lion.
她的理论来源于
Her theory is all down to the fact
狮子以狮群为单位群居的事实
that lions live together in prides.
猫都是独居的 自力更生独来独往
So, cats are all solitary and effectively live on their own,