大猫（2018）

There they are,
大型的成年雄性美洲狮正在进食一具尸体
massive resident adult male feeding on the carcass...
三个月大的小猫
Three-month-old kitten
和母亲在后面睡觉
and mother falling asleep in the background.
雄猫们在想要分享食物时
Rather than always being aggressive,
会变得非常温和 而非一直表现得有侵略性
males become positively meek when they want to share a meal.
在分♥析♥过13年的数据和上千部的视频后
After analysing 13 years of data and thousands of videos,
马克发现这些社交互动遵循着一种模式
Mark has discovered these social interactions follow a pattern.
美洲狮们记得对方
Mountain lions remember each other
他们更加愿意同过去对他们
and they're much more likely to share their dinner
非常慷慨的美洲狮分享食物
with a cat that has been generous with them in the past.
我们渐渐的开始认为
We're beginning to describe a species that
某个物种具有社交体系
has some sort of social system,
而这个物种常常被认为
that is interacting with a frequency that challenges this idea
是独居动物
that they are solitary animals,
美洲狮的社交生活
and it's just opening our eyes
让我们大开眼界
and completely turning everything on its head
并且改变了我们过去对他们的一切认知
on what we thought were the social lives of mountain lions.
猫科动物永远充满惊喜
Cats never fail to surprise us.
占地八千公顷
Covering 8,000 hectares...
拥有两万名员工
and employing 20,000 people...
塞昆达煤制油厂是非洲最大的工业综合体
Secunda CTL is the biggest industrial complex in Africa.
这里按理说不该有猫
An unlikely place for a cat...
但生态学家达恩·洛克在这有了惊人的发现
But ecologist Daan Loock made an amazing discovery here.
这一切缘起于一些关于奇怪的生物
It all started with reports of strange creatures
天黑以后在这地方出没的报道
prowling the site after dark.
那边有几双眼睛
There's...there's some eyes there.
只是看不出来它是什么
I just can't make out what it is.
但愿它会穿过这儿
Hopefully, it crosses here
但我觉得不会
but I don't think so.
达恩·洛克
塞昆达煤制油厂
我们左手边草丛繁茂
There's a lot of thickets just to our left-hand side.
我觉得它会 在那
I think it will... There it is!
就在我们前面 在那
Just in front of us! There it is!
真是特别
Oh, that's very special.
那奇怪的生物是薮猫
The strange creature is a serval.
你平日里可见不到
That's something you won't see every day.
你知道 这些神出鬼没的猫很难见到
You know, these elusive cats are so difficult to see
我们能见到真是很荣幸
and we're so privileged to see this.
它走了 我必须说我很激动
There it goes. I'm very excited, I must say.
在这里布满镜头捕捉器后
Having covered the site in camera traps,
令达恩惊讶的是这些猫四处现身
to Daan's surprise, these cats were popping up everywhere.
薮猫的平均数量是每100平方公里内
The average serval population is 10 to 15 animals
有10到15只
per 100 square kilometres.
这里的数量是每100平方公里内有76只
Our serval population is 76 animals per 100 square kilometres.
这非同凡响 相当多
That's phenomenal. It's very, very high.
是最原始野生地区的六倍多
That's six times more than the most pristine wilderness.
薮猫不只是在这里生存
Servals are not merely surviving here
这是已知数量分布最密集的地方
This is the densest population known.
发现这一数量的下一步
Well, the next step after discovering this population
就是需要弄明白这里有什么特别之处
was the need to understand what's so special about this place.
这里为什么有这么多薮猫
Why are there so many serval here?
薮猫存在于非洲各地
Servals are found across Africa
擅长捕食啮齿动物和小型鸟类
and specialise in hunting rodents and small birds.
他们有着猫科动物中
They have the biggest ears
最大的耳朵 有助于精确定位猎物
of any cat to help pinpoint their prey.
借助弹簧般的腿 他们能猛扑三米远
And with spring-like legs, they pounce over three metres.
通常他们的数量少很多
They're normally found in much lower numbers
领地则大很多
and need large territories.
达恩开始着手研究这里为什么有这么多
Daan set out to discover why there are so many here.
一个兽医专家团队
A specialist team of vets
小心捕捉并麻醉了一只雄性
carefully capture and anaesthetise a male.
我得说这很好 你知道
Ya, I must say it's very nice. You know,
我们已经捕捉了30只 30到40只动物
we've captured about 30, 30 to 40 animals
每次近距离看见他们都让人很激动
and it's every time very exciting to see them up close.
这是尽可能多地了解这种极为罕见的猫的
It's a unique opportunity to learn as much as possible
独一无二的机会
about such a rarely seen cat.
有多重 迈克
What's the weight here, Mike?
-13.88 他就是 -刚刚好
- 13.88, so he's... - Spot-on.
作为一只雄性大猫他重量刚好
He's about spot-on, yeah, for a big male.
每只薮猫都佩戴一个项圈
Each serval is fitted with a collar,
这让达恩能追踪他们的活动
allowing Daan to track their movements.
这有助于他了解猫生活的全貌
It's helping him build up a picture of the cats' lives.
这是一幅整个研究区域的地图
This map is a map of the total study area
每一个点表示被戴上了项圈的
and each of these dots indicates a GPS position
某一只薮猫的GPS定位
of some of the serval that's been collared in the past.
这就会显示这里有多少只薮猫
This just goes to show how many serval are on site.
更重要的是 达恩的地图显示薮猫聚集在
Most importantly, Daan's map reveals the servals are concentrated
水边的某个特定区域
in particular areas around water.
曾用来冷却重工业的池塘溪流
Ponds and streams used to cool the heavy industry
为啮齿动物创造了完美的栖息地
create the perfect habitat for rodents...
对薮猫来说食物丰富
Abundant food for the servals.
他们成功的另一个原因是
Another reason for their success
这里缺少其他大型食肉动物
is the lack of other big predators here.
你知道 通常薮猫的主要死因是
You know, normally, the main causes of death of serval
其他食肉动物 比如狮子和鬣狗
would be other predators like lion and hyena,
可能还有豹
perhaps some leopard also.
在这个地方 没有竞争
On this site, there is no competition,
他们是顶端食肉动物
they are the apex predators.
作为没有竞争的顶端食肉动物
As apex predators with no competition,
薮猫势不可挡
the servals have run riot.
全球范围内猫科动物都在适应城市栖息地
All across the planet, cats are adapting to urban habitats.
与之相应的
In response,
人类也经常需要学习如何与猫科动物共生
people often need to learn how to live alongside cats.
印度孟买♥♥
Mumbai, India...
世界上最大的城市之一
...one of the world's largest cities,
是近两千万人生活的家园
home to over 20 million people.
孟买♥♥同样是
Mumbai is also home...
世界上密度最高的豹的栖息地
...to the world's highest density of leopards.
夜晚一片死寂时
In the dead of night,
它们就从周边的森林中悄悄潜入城市
they creep into the city from the surrounding forests.
克里希纳·蒂瓦里 野生动物保护协会
克里希纳·蒂瓦里在孟买♥♥长大
Krishna Tiwari grew up in Mumbai.
现在他致力于
He's now dedicated his life
研究城市中的豹
to studying the city's urban leopards.
他前天看到一只豹
He saw a leopard the day before yesterday
当豹看到他时
and, when the leopard saw him,
就逃走到山的另一边去了
he just ran away to the other side of the wall.
整个城市中都听得到这种故事
The story is the same all across the city.
人们经常能遇到豹
People encounter leopards on a regular basis.
她八点半左右出来洗衣服
She came out at around 8.30 to wash clothes here
当她点亮火把时
and, when she put up a torch,
她看到一只豹坐在石头上
she saw a leopard sitting on the rocks and as soon as, you know,
当光照在豹身上时
there was light on the leopard,
豹站起来了 她太害怕了
he just got up, and she was so afraid that, you know,
于是赶快回家叫她的丈夫
she came back to the house and called her husband.
这些会面的结局并不总是和平的
The outcome of these encounters isn't always so peaceful.
毕竟豹是来城市里打猎的
After all, the leopards are coming into the city to hunt.
家畜数量充足且无人看护
Livestock are abundant and unprotected.
悄无声息是豹最有效的武器
Stealth is the leopard's most effective weapon.
狗通常会提前发出警告
Dogs often provide an early warning...
但吸引到豹的注意力并不是一件好事
...but drawing attention from a leopard isn't a good idea.
狗也是捕食的对象之一
Dogs are also on the menu.
可悲的是这并不会止步于此
And, sadly, it doesn't stop there.
从1990年到2013年
From 1990 to 2013,
孟买♥♥有176人遭到豹的袭击
176 people were attacked by leopards in Mumbai.
在2004年的某一个月内就有十人被杀
In just one month during 2004, ten people were killed.
得采取些措施了
Something had to be done.
克里希纳和当地政♥府♥采取了大胆的方法
Krishna and the authorities took a bold approach.
开拓了一个教育项目
Pioneering an education programme,
克里希纳想要教会人们
Krishna wanted to teach people