大猫（2018）

如何与豹安全共生
how to live safely alongside leopards.
简单的晚上结伴行动生活
Simple measures like staying in groups at night,
锁好家畜和别从豹面前逃跑等方法
locking up livestock and not running from leopards
起到了很大的效果
made a huge difference.
有2万人参加了会议
20,000 people have attended the meetings.
这个警示项目颇有成效
The awareness programme has been a great success
在过去的四年中均没有豹袭击的报道
as the last four years have seen no leopard attacks
我觉得在孟买♥♥这是一个很好的
and I think it's a good and long-term solution
长♥期♥减少人豹冲突的方法
to reduce the human-leopard conflicts in Mumbai.
不幸的是教育当地的狗就比较棘手了
Unfortunately, educating the local dogs has proved trickier.
它们提供了至关重要的早期预警但仍被捕食
They provide a vital early warning but are still being taken.
拉杰有三只狗都被豹吃掉了
Raj has lost three dogs to leopard attacks.
然后他想出了一个可以保护他的宠物的方法
He then hit on an idea which might help protect his current pet.
他认为如果这样做
He thinks that the dog,
豹就会认为狗也是一只豹
the leopard will think that it is also a leopard...
即使你知道它也受到其他狗的保护
...even, you know, it's being protected by other dogs,
所以我觉得这是个好主意
so I think it's a good idea.
大众还在争论这是否有效
The jury's still out on whether this even works...
而且哪只有自尊的狗
...and, anyway, what self-respecting dog
愿意被涂的像只猫一样
wants to be dressed up as a cat?
他肯定不愿意
He's certainly not convinced.
克里希纳传播宽容的使命正在发挥作用
Krishna's mission to spread tolerance is working...
在孟买♥♥ 豹的数量正在上升
...and Mumbai's leopard population is thriving...
但这只是一个人类接受现状且愿为猫科动物
...but it's a rare example of people accepting their presence
腾出空间的罕见的例子
and making space for cats.
在其他地方 情况就完全不同了
Elsewhere, it's a very different story.
近一半的野生猫科动物都面临着灭绝的风险
Nearly half of all wild cats are threatened with extinction.
作为顶级捕食者 它们需要大量食物和空间
As top predators, they need a lot of food and space...
随着人类人口不断增长
And, with an ever-growing human population,
对于空间的竞争变得愈发激烈
competition for that space is rising.
在过去20年里
In the last 20 years,
豹的数量减少了40%
leopards have been wiped out from 40% of their range.
猎豹已经在25个国家灭绝了
Cheetahs have become extinct in 25 countries.
就连狮子都未能逃过一劫
Not even lions are spared.
其数量在过去二十年里 下跌了近一半
Numbers have fallen by nearly half in two decades.
百兽之王可能从世界上灭绝
The king of beasts could go extinct in the wild.
人类对猫怀有的强烈热情
The driving passion people feel for cats
是它们能够生存的最大希冀
is now their greatest hope for survival...
好家伙
Holy mackerel.
特别是那
Especially for the animal
保护猫科动物的代表性动物了
that's long been the face of cat conservation.
科菲·科兰斯博士对老虎的爱始于幼年
Dr Krithi Karanth's love of tigers started at a very young age.
我第一次看见老虎时才两岁
I first saw a tiger when I was two years old
跟父亲还有祖父在纳加尔霍雷国家公园
with my father and my grandfather in Nagarhole National Park.
我又惊奇又敬畏
I was amazed and in awe.
世上没有什么事情比得过见到一头老虎了
There is nothing like seeing a tiger in the wild.
数年后 她成了享誉世界的老虎保护主义者
Years on, and now a world-renowned tiger conservationist,
却依然如从前般迷恋老虎
Krithi's just as enthralled.
无法用语言去
There are no words that can
准确描述见到老虎的那种心情
really capture the emotion of seeing a tiger.
我每次在野外看见老虎
Every single time I've seen a tiger in the wild,
我要么无言以对 要么咯咯傻笑或大哭
I've been either left speechless or giggling silly or crying.
科菲·科兰斯博士 野生动物保护协会
情绪复杂 但你无法忘怀
I mean, it's a range of emotions, but you never forget.
对我而言 老虎真的是
To me, tigers are truly
这个星球上最惊人的猫科动物
one of the most spectacular cats on the planet.
但就像很多猫科动物一样
But like so many of the cats,
老虎的生存现状也很是危急
survival of the tiger is on a knife edge.
我们总是能见到关于老虎的图片或听到故事
We see images and stories about tigers all the time -
这让我们以为
could give us the impression
它们并没有濒危 但它们确实濒危了
that they're not endangered but they absolutely are.
它们是世界上生存最受到威胁的猫科动物之一
They're one of the most threatened big cats in the world today.
在上个世纪里
Over the last century,
95%的野生老虎消失了
95% of wild tigers have vanished.
现在美国牢笼中的老虎数量
There are now more tigers in captivity
已超过野生老虎数量
in the United States alone than in the wild.
我很难想象一个没有野生老虎的世界
It is impossible for me to imagine a world without wild tigers...
但如果我们掉以轻心 真的会目睹老虎灭绝
But, if we get complacent, we could see tigers go extinct.
抱歉
Sorry.
我无法 我无法想象世上没有老虎
I couldn't... I couldn't imagine a world without tigers.
科菲一生都在努力
Krithi's spent her life
提高大家保护老虎的意识 和集资救虎
raising awareness and funding to save the tiger.
她建立了一个帮助有家畜被老虎攻击的村民们
She's set up a project that helps villagers get compensation
获取赔偿金的项目
when tigers attack their livestock.
这帮忙平复了当地人同老虎的一些冲突
It's helping ease some of the conflict with local people.
在印度 最大的难题是
Here in India, the greatest challenge
给予老虎它们万分需要的空间
is giving tigers the space they so desperately need.
一个解决办法是帮助
One solution is to help villagers
现在仍住在国家公园的村民们搬家
who currently live within the national parks to relocate.
科菲所在的一个小队 在帮助
Krithi is part of a team that assist those
那些决定去公园边界外建新家的人们
who choose to make a new home beyond the park boundaries.
一旦人们迁走了 植物会重生
Once you move people out, the vegetation comes back,
猎物的数量回升 老虎的数量也会回升
the prey numbers rebound and then tiger numbers come back,
生态恢复需要时间
so ecological recovery takes time
但我认为大自然知道如何自愈
but I think nature knows how to heal itself.
虽然消耗了大量的时间
There's been a lot of time,
金钱和精力 但或许真有转机
money and effort but the tide may be turning.
很久之后 我们看到在很多老虎保护区中
After a long time, we're seeing wild tigers come back,
野生老虎回来了 老虎数量正在恢复并稳定
populations stabilise and recover in many tiger reserves.
它表明我们可以改变猫科动物的未来
It shows that we can change the future for cats
只要我们有意愿保护它们
if there is the will to protect them.
马赛勇士现在在学习并保护
Maasai warriors now study and conserve
他们曾经狩猎的狮子
the lions they once hunted.
为苏格兰野猫建立了巨大的安全避难所
Huge safe havens are being created for Scottish wildcats,
那是英国唯一的本土猫科动物
the UK's only native cat.
科学家们勇敢地面对严寒
Scientists brave freezing conditions...
有效果
It's working.
为了帮助濒危的东北虎
To help the endangered Siberian tiger.
有一个开拓性的项目
And one pioneering project
试图将一种猫科动物从灭绝的边缘拯救回来
is attempting to rescue a cat from the very edge of extinction.
仅在一个世纪前 数千只伊比利亚猞猁
Just a century ago, thousands of Iberian lynx
在西班牙和葡萄牙的古老森林里漫步
roamed the ancient woodlands of Spain and Portugal.
由于栖息地减少 被捕猎以及缺乏猎物
A combination of habitat loss, hunting and lack of prey
它们的数量骤减
caused their numbers to collapse.
到了2002年 只剩不到100只了
By 2002, fewer than 100 were left.
伊比利亚猞猁已是地球上最稀少的猫科动物
The Iberian lynx was declared the rarest cat on the planet.
如今 一只由科学家和动物保护主义者
Today, an international team of scientists
组成的国际队伍
and conservationists
在努力将这些猫科动物从悬崖边救回
are working to bring these cats back from the brink.
该小队开始了一个集中育种项目
The team began an intensive breeding programme
其规模前所未有
on a scale never attempted before.
维姬·阿森西欧 西班牙某猞猁育种中心
维姬·阿森西欧是一名投身于此项目的兽医
Vicky Ascensio is a vet dedicated to the project.
她在最新的育种中心工作
She works at the newest of the breeding centres.
遍布西班牙和葡萄牙
Spread across Spain and Portugal,
这些价值百万英镑的设备
these multimillion-pound facilities
是按照猞猁的各种需求建造的
are built to meet a lynx's every need...
以确保它们能生出足够多的幼崽
to ensure they can produce as many cubs as possible
以在未来放归野生
for release back into the wild.
它的设计还方便维姬密切观察
It's also designed so Vicky can keep a close eye
每一只珍贵的幼崽
on each and every precious cub.
我们一共有116个摄像头
In total, we have 116 cameras.
我们努力24小时关注这些动物
We try to see the animals 24 hours.
这种不干涉的方式很重要
This hands-off approach is vital
这样幼崽就不会见到人类了
so the cubs never meet a human.
它们每天都非常安静 冷静
They are all day very quiet, very calm
它们不知道我们总在看着它们
and they don't see that we are always looking at them.
这对我们来说很重要 特别是有幼崽时
It's very important for us, especially when we have cubs.
伊比利亚猞猁已成为了被特别护理的种类
The Iberian lynx has become a species in intensive care.
这些育种中心不过是拼图的一部分
The breeding centres are just one piece of the jigsaw.
该小队还在努力改进自然栖息地
The team are also working hard to improve the natural habitat