从太空看二战（2012）

and not have to worry about escorted seriously
这显然是不行的
And that didn't work
以上战例所反映出的缺陷非常明显
The flaw is startlingly clear from above
即缺少战斗机的护航
the lack of fighter escort protection
而战斗机的航程却十分有限
the fighters have limited range
使其只能为轰炸机提供有限一段护航
and can only protect the bombers part way to their targets
之后就只能让它们暴露在危险之中了
leaving them dangerously exposed
然后转机出现了，我们的P-51登场了
Then we get the real game changer, We get the P-51
P-51在许多层面上都能称得上是一款了不起的战斗机
P-51 was an amazing fighter on so many different levels
但真正关键的是它那惊人的航程
But the real key is it had an amazing range
它可以伴随美军轰炸机全程进、全程出
It went with the American bombers all the way in, all the way out
这意味着我们可以端掉德军的空中防卫
That meant we could take down the German defenses
我们可以建立真正的空中优势
We could create true air dominance
你可以看到天空已经不属于德国空军
And that's when you see the Luftwaffe essentially swept from the skies
一旦德国空军被摧毁
Once the Luftwaffe is destroyed
我们就可以在德国领空自♥由♥行动了
we have pretty much free reign over the German skies
我们开始实施拿下石油工业的行动
We really start to take down the oil industry
石油，是二战中最为重要的战略资源
Oil, the single most essential commodities of WWII
拥有源源不断的石油供给是通向胜利的必由之路
The possession of large supplies of oil was the only way to victory
没有石油，机械化部队无法作战
Without oil, mechanized armies could not fight
从太空上，我们可以清楚的看到全球石油储备的情况
From space, the battle for the world's oil reserves is revealed
美国处于自给自足的状态
America is self sufficient
其油田是盟军军事实力的基石
It's oil fields are the cornerstone of Allied military strength
相较之下，德国的2000万桶石油储备正在消耗殆尽
In contrast, Germany's stockpile of 20 million barrels is rapidly running out
德国所面临的一个重要战略难题是他们无法获得
One of the weaknesses of the German war effort was couldn't it access to
充足的石油，于是他们决定使用
unlimited quantities oil, they then decided to use
合成油，而合成油的确弥补了石油的不足
synthetic oil and synthetic oil was really critical for making up that difference
合成油用煤和天然气制出
Synthetic oil, produced from coal and natural gas
是希♥特♥勒♥机械化部队的血脉
is the life blood of Hitler's mechanized forces
然而盟军的空袭极大的打击了德国的合成油产业
As Allied air raids cripple Germany synthetic fuel production
希♥特♥勒♥把最大的希望寄予到夺取高加索油田
Hitler's best hope is to seize the Caucuses oil fields
深入苏联腹地，双方的冲突
Deep inside Russia, the 2 sides clash
造就了史上前所未见的血腥战斗
in the bloodiest fighting history has ever seen
这是第二次世界大战最为紧要的关头
At stake is the outcome of WWII
1940年9月
September 1940
当美国仍保持中立之时
while America remains neutral
希♥特♥勒♥已经牢牢掌控了欧洲大♥陆♥
Hitler has mainland Europe in his grip
但是在不列颠上空，纳粹铁流的西进被阻止了
But in the skies over Britain, the Nazis relentless westward advance is halted
不列颠空战的失败迫使希♥特♥勒♥把目光转向了他的终极目标
It is a defeat that forces Hitler to turn his attention towards the ultimate goal
那就是征服并毁灭苏联
the conquest and annihilation of the Soviet Union
苏联几乎可以代表希♥特♥勒♥所憎恨的一切
The Soviet Union represented the nexus of everything that Hitler hated
希♥特♥勒♥认为苏联是共♥产♥主义和犹太教的重要据点
He saw it as a bastion of communism and Judaism
如果不捣毁它
and if it were not defeated
苏联终将会给德国和雅利安种族带来灭顶之灾
ultimately the Soviet Union would destroy Germany and destroy the Aryan race
但也有个更为实际的原因
But there is also just sheer pragmatism here
苏联是个正处于成长中的经济体，有很大的发展空间
The Soviet Union was the grow through Wirtschaft the great economic space
德国需要这些原材料，石油和粮食
They needed the raw materials, the oil, the food
如果占领了苏联
and by annexing the Soviet Union
德国就有能力来维持旷日持久的战争
it may be able to sustain a long war
并抵御来自英美的袭击
and fend off any British-American attacks
1941年6月22日
June 22 1941
希♥特♥勒♥发动了巴巴罗萨行动
Hitler launches Operation Barbarossa
入侵苏联
the invasion of the Soviet Union
横贯1800英里的战线
Across an 1,800 mile front
希♥特♥勒♥的400万国防军一路所向披靡
Hitler's army of over 4 million Wehrmacht troops surges forward
所经之地一片焦土
destroying everything in its path
这是战争史上集结规模最大的军队
This was the largest army that it had been assembled in the history of the world
与德国人表现出的战术与协同力相比
And the Germans demonstrated an operational and tactical mastery
苏联部队则显得力不从心
that the Soviet simply could not match
那种残暴程度令人匪夷所思
And the barbarity is almost incomprehensible
尾随前线部队其后的，是特别行动组
Following the front-line troops, there were special action squads
他们的目标是寻找并屠♥杀♥
Their purpose was to identify and murder
占领区内的政♥治♥领袖和犹太人
political leaders and ultimately Jews in the occupied areas
一百万的苏联人成为了这场灭绝人性屠♥杀♥的牺牲品
The slaughter of a million Soviets is the merciless testing ground for the holocaust
党卫军加快了对犹太及其它被视为劣等种族的灭绝行动
The SS accelerate the genocide of Jews and others seen as undesirable
超过九百万人惨遭屠♥杀♥
Over 9 million are slaughtered
这是一条流水线式的疯狂杀戮
This was industrialized mass murder
这种事情就算是放到中世纪也不会出现
This is something that ... that hadn't even appeared in the middle ages
1941年的冬季
By the winter of 1941
德军的疯狂推进使他们离胜利女神仅剩一步之遥
their brutal advance has brought them to the brink of victory
列♥宁♥格勒被围困
Leningrad is under siege
德国的装甲师也已经兵临莫斯科城下
And German panzer divisions are at the gates of Moscow
为了寻求思想上和战术上的双重碾压
Seeking a devastating tactical and ideological blow
希♥特♥勒♥将他的注意力转向了斯大林格勒
Hitler turns his attention towards Stalingrad
对于希♥特♥勒♥来说，拿下斯大林格勒非常重要
Stalingrad was an important target for Hitler
因为他知道只要拿下它，就可以好好羞辱一下斯大林
because he knew by taking it, he'll insult Stalin
他也知道斯大林会使出浑身解数将其夺回
He also knew he will forced Stalin to try to take it back
这样一来他就可以大大削弱苏联红军的实力
and he would be able to wear down the Red Army
但与此同时它也是一个战略要地
But also it was an important city
因为这里可以成为他南进夺取高加索产油区的重要交通枢纽
because it would permit him to pivot south into the Caucuses and take all these oil producing regions
从而使德国可以在石油上自给自足
and let Germany self-sufficient in petroleum
对双方来说，在斯大林格勒的战斗都将孤注一掷
For both sides, the stakes for the battle of Stalingrad are immense
对希♥特♥勒♥来说，输掉斯大林格勒战役将会打破纳粹的不败神话
For Hitler, to fail at Stalingrad would be an enormous blow to the Nazi myth
对战争本身来说，也会是一个沉重的打击
It would be an enormous blow to the war itself
同样的，约瑟夫·斯大林也寸步不让
Similarly, Joseph Stalin was unrelenting
他绝不能容忍♥失败，绝不能容忍♥撤退
He would not tolerate defeat. He would not tolerate pulling back
投降或者失地都会受到最大程度的制裁
To surrender or to give ground would be met by the utmost sanction
德国空军向斯大林格勒投下了数以千吨♥的炸♥弹♥
The Luftwaffe drop a thousand tons of bombs on Stalingrad
在250万军队出击之前
before two and a half million troops clash
斯大林格勒战役的惨烈程度堪比地狱
The ferocity of the Battle of Stalingrad was something straight out of hell
逐街逐巷的城市战斗并不罕见
It was not uncommon for battles to be raging not over parts of the city, or city blocks
但是每栋楼的每一层都寸土必争实属不多
but literally for different floors within one building
有些情况下，苏军增援部队在没有武器的情况下直面死亡
In some cases, Soviet reinforcements came forward without weapons facing certain death
然而，他们仍一次又一次的冲锋，前赴后继
and yet, again and again and again they came
在斯大林格勒战役期间，苏联红军发动了天王星行动
As the battle rages, the Red Army launches Operation Uranus
希♥特♥勒♥指挥部看不到的东西可以从太空中看得一清二楚
What Hitler's high command cannot see is revealed from space
在切断德军退路之前，有超过一百万苏联军队从德军侧翼迂回
Over one million Soviet soldiers outflank the German position before cutting through the enemy's rear
天王星行动让德军瞠目结舌
Operation Uranus was a complete shock
斯大林格勒的德军突然间被反包围了
And suddenly Stalingrad was encircled
切断了补给线后，德军被困于俄♥罗♥斯♥的严冬中
Cut off from supply, the Germans are plunged into the harshest of Russian winters
在人类难以承受的恶劣环境中，德军开始瓦解
In sub-human conditions, they begin to disintegrated
天寒地冻，粮食短缺
It was freezing cold, Food supply began to decline
枪炮冻住，简直就是一场噩梦
Guns jammed, it was a nightmare
那种体验很难用三言两语就能描绘出来
It's difficult to convey in simple words what life experience was like
在5个月的围城之后，希♥特♥勒♥曾称雄一时的第六集团军缴械投降
After five months under siege, Hitler's once-mighty 6th Army capitulate
而后德国第一集团军也相继撤退
the first German field army to do so
整场战役损失了将近两百万人
Nearly 2 million have fallen
不过对苏军来说，局势开始扭转
But for the Soviets, the tide is turning
苏军士气的爆棚没有丝毫吹嘘
The boost of Soviet morale can scarcely be overstated
德军战俘被押运到莫斯科
German prisoners were marched through Moscow
并以此证明纳粹士兵并不是超人
and this proved that the Nazi soldiers were not supermen
相反，他们看到的德国兵们是一支撤退、投降
instead, they saw German soldiers who quit, who surrendered
无法和苏军意志所抗衡的的败军之旅
who could not match the determination of the Soviet soldiers
失败对希♥特♥勒♥来说是不能容忍♥的
For Hitler, the defeat of is devastating
他本能地发起反击
instinctively, he strikes back
阿道夫·希♥特♥勒♥试图重新掌握战略主动权
Adolf Hitler attempted to regain the strategic initiatives
去封闭战线上的缺口，那个围绕库尔斯克的突出部
to close a gap, a bulge if you will, center around Kursk
从太空上看，希♥特♥勒♥的目标非常明显——消除突出部
Seen from above, Hitler's objective is clear ---eliminate the bulge
集中兵力重夺主动权
concentrate his forces and regain the initiative
对盟军来说，他们的新战略伙伴正处于危机关头
For the Allies, it is critical that its newest military partner holds
东线战场对盟军至关重要，因为它牵制着大量德军作战部队
The eastern front is vital for the Allies because it absorbs the bulk of Germany's fighting powers
要做到这点，苏联人就得在陆战中承担最多的战斗与牺牲
To put it very brutally, the Soviets do most of the fightings and most of the dying on land
罗斯福把超过110亿美元的租借物资供给了斯大林
President Roosevelt commits over 11 billion dollars of Lend-Lease supplies to Stalin
然而通过欧洲的传统贸易路线被封锁了
Yet traditional trade routes through Europe are blocked
将美国的援助运往苏联成了战时盟军后勤的一项巨大挑战
Getting U.S. aid into the Soviet Union is one of the greatest Allied logistical challenges of the war
有三条路可供选择：
There were 3 routes that we could use:
一条是经过北大西洋
one was the North Atlantic route
从北极圈到达阿尔汉格尔和摩尔曼斯克
into the northern Arctic ports Archangel and Murmansk
一路上风暴肆虐，冰山四伏，举步维艰
stormy seas, Iceberg, hard to get to
另一条是通过太平洋到达海参崴
And there was one across the Pacific to Vladivostok
但是所有物资必须在西伯利亚卸下