从太空看二战（2012）

作为进攻日本的跳板
the proposed launch pad for the invasion of Japan
对攻防双方都意义巨大
the stakes for both sides are vast
冲绳的日本守军明白
Japanese defenders of Okinawa knew
他们不可能存活下去，他们不可能胜利
that they were not going to survive. They could not win
但是他们希望可以对敌军造成更大的伤亡，制♥造♥更多的恐怖
But they hope that by causing enough casualties, creating enough horror
也许可以让美军取消进攻日本的决定
that it might either make the American decide not to invade Japan
或者至少可以让日本在某种形式上较为体面的去议和
or at least maybe get the Japanese a better peace offer some kind
1945年4月1日
April 1st 1945
美军舰队向目标逼近
the American armada approaches its target
在太平洋战场上它的规模是无可比拟的
Its scale is unmatched in the Pacific War
冲绳战役的军事工程规模可媲美D日（诺曼底登陆）
Okinawa was a military undertaking on a scale that rival D-Day
进攻部队的规模，进攻舰队的规模
uh... the size of the invasion force, the size of invasion fleet
1200艘军舰支援着3个集团的两栖攻击部队抢滩登陆
1,200 warships support 3 mass amphibious attack forces hitting the beaches
超过17万部队如登无人之境
More than 170,000 troops land eerily unopposed
但是美军所看不到的是9万7千日本守军
But unseen by American troops are 97,000 Japanese defenders
已经以史无前例的蛮勇精神做好了突击准备
ready to strike with unprecedented savagery
日本士兵用他们的身体作为武器
They are taking the Japanese soldier and using just his body as a weapon
日本士兵带着22磅的挎包炸♥药♥钻到坦克下
Japanese soldiers with 22 pounds satchel bombs run under tanks
6000名只装备竹矛和随身武器的守军向美军发动了“万岁冲锋”
And 6,000 defenders banzai charge marines armed only with bamboo spears and side arms
在我们这个时代，我们可以对照自杀式炸♥弹♥袭击者
In our own time, we make that comparison with suicide bombers
但如果你想象一下整个日军部队都有着如此深彻的觉悟
but if you could imagine entire Japanese units have that depth of commitment
他们宁可组团奔赴黄泉
that they would actually suffer mass essentially suicidal death
也绝不投降保命
rather than surrender their position
这是一个非常可怕的军事对手
that's a very formidable military opposite
在海上，一波又一波的神风敢死队冲向了美军舰队
At sea, wave after wave of Kamikazes crash into US ships
神风敢死队是...
Kamikazes were...
尤其让试图击落他们的美军感到恐惧，因为
especially terrifying to the Americans trying to shoot them down because
你要怎样去阻止一个一心赴死的人？
how do you deter somebody who is willing to die for something?
他们的目标就是赴死
Their goal was to die
有18%的神风敢死队撞船得手
and 18% of the Kamikazes hit ships
404艘美军舰艇被击中
404 U.S. ships are struck
当冲绳岛最终被攻陷时,将近10万日军以及15万平民死亡
When Okinawa finally falls, nearly 100,000 Japanese soldiers and 150,000 civilians lie dead
美军有7万6千人伤亡
The U.S. suffers 76,000 casualties
占全部进攻部队的三分之一
a 3rd of the entire invasion force
战事升级的程度十分惊人
The escalation is just terrifying here
这还仅仅只是些小岛
and these are little islands
现在我们要讨论的是入侵整个日本本土
and now we're talking about invading the whole Japanese homeland
那里有数百万的守军和更多的平民
where there are millions of defenders and even more millions of civilians
美国的战争部门估算到
The U.S. War Department estimates
如果入侵日本将会造成1000万日本人伤亡
that the invasion of Japan will result in 10 million Japanese casualties
同时美国自己也将遭受至少170万的伤亡
along with at least 1.7 million Americans
必须找到其它解决之道
Another solution must be sought
当同盟国开始庆祝欧洲战场上的胜利
As the Allies celebrate victory in Europe
当希♥特♥勒♥和他的帝国在战火中湮灭之时
as Hitler and his Reich go up in flames
美国人有了他们的新总统
America swears in a new president
哈里·杜鲁门决定启用一种极具威慑力的新武器
and Harry Truman is destined to unleash a weapon so fearsome
它将开启全球战争的新纪♥元♥
It will herald in a new dawn of warfare across the globe
世界已被战火涂炭了将近六年
War has ravaged the world for nearly 6 years
德国和意大利都已败降
Germany and Italy are defeated
只有日本还在苦苦抵抗着
Only Japan fights on in defiance of the Allies
但是这件新武器将把二战推向高♥潮♥
But the new weapon is about to make WWII reach its climax
1938年12月
December 1938
德国科学家成功分♥裂♥了原子
German scientists split the atom
释放出2亿伏特的电能
releasing 200 million volts of electricity
在阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦警告美国总统罗斯福
After Albert Einstein warns U.S. President Roosevelt
希♥特♥勒♥计划研制原♥子♥弹♥之后
that Hitler plans an atomic program
一场围绕原♥子♥弹♥的军事竞赛就此打响
the race for the bomb is on
美国联合英国、加拿大进行合作，展开了曼哈顿计划
America, in collaboration with Britain and Canada, launches the Manhattan Project
在全国范围内开始建造大量城镇和工业设施
Entire towns and Industrial complexes are constructed across the nation
雇佣了60万人
employing 600,000 people
总花费20亿美元
and costing 2 billion dollars
相当于现在的258亿美元
25.8 billion in today's money
这是工程史上前所未有的
It is engineering on an unprecedented scale
不会有其他任何国家能够像美国当初那样完成曼哈顿计划
No other nation in the world could've done the Manhattan Project like United States did
这里云集了几乎所有理论物理学家
You get all these theorists together
提出了制♥造♥原♥子♥弹♥的两种方式
and they say there are 2 ways we can build this weapon
一种钚弹，一种铀弹
It's a plutonium bomb and an uranium bomb
它们制♥作♥流程不同，但都成本高昂
They are different processes, they're both immensely expensive
其他人可能会说我们该重点做哪一种呢？
Anybody else would say which one do I want to focus on?
但美国说为了确保成功，我们两个都要做
The U.S. said we'll make sure this works, so we gonna do both
1945年7月，曼哈顿计划瓜熟蒂落
July 1945, the project bears fruit
代号♥“小男孩”的铀原♥子♥弹♥
a uranium bomb, code-named Little Boy
和代号♥“胖子”的钚原♥子♥弹♥
and a plutonium bomb, code-named Fat Man
原♥子♥弹♥（枪式弹）的技术原理
The atomic bomb is a technology
可以追溯到火♥药♥枪级别
that historically is on the scale of introduction of gunpowder
它所产生的如此程度的杀伤力令整个二战都黯然
Being taken the kind of lethality that has been honed throughout WWII
新世界的大门已经打开
and multiplied it by a whole new world of magnitude
人类第一次拥有了可以瞬间摧毁一整座城市的力量
For the first time with a single event, an entire city could be destroyed
这标志着战争已进入新纪♥元♥
This represented a new era in warfare
当从波茨坦会议返回后，美国总统哈里·S·杜鲁门
Returning from the Potsdam Conference, U.S. President Harry S. Truman
必须决定是否对日本使用原♥子♥弹♥
must decide whether to unleash the atomic bomb on Japan
如果一年后，美国总统发现他有一件可以提早结束战争的武器
If it'd come out a year later that the president of the US had a weapon he could have used that might have ended the war earlier
而他没有用，从而造成了10万人的额外伤亡
And instead he did not and we suffered 100,000 extra casualties
那么他可就过了村没这店，追悔莫及了
He would have been ... run out of ... at best run out of the town on a rail
没有哪一个对国民负责的美国总统
There was no way an American president responsible to his constituents
在当时会不用这件武器
could've not used this weapon
杜鲁门以及对面斯大林所领导的红色阵营
Truman, pass out to Stalin and his communist ethos
将会看到在即将结束的世界大战中核武器的重要性
can see the significance of a nuclear strike for the post war world
1945年，美国面临一个两难局面
In 1945, America faced a real paradox
长久以来，罗斯福和杜鲁门对斯大林说：
For a long time, of course, Roosevelt and Truman had been saying to Stalin:
“请帮我们一起打日本吧”
"Please help us with the war against Japan"
“请出兵满洲，打败日本陆军”
"Please invade Manchuria, Please defeat the Japanese Army"
但如果苏联真的打败了日军
But when it was realized that the Soviet Union might defeat the Japanese
并出兵占据部分日本岛屿时
then move on to occupy part of the Japanese islands
这是美国所不愿意见到的
that's not what the Americans wanted him to do
他们想主导日本的重建
They wanted the task of rebuilding Japan
我想这是令美国在日本投下原♥子♥弹♥的一个重要原因
I think this was one of the most important factors influencing the American decision to drop the atomic bombs
在新墨西哥州沙漠成功完成测试之后
After a successful test in the New Mexico desert
杜鲁门下令尽快实施核轰炸
Truman gives the order to drop the bomb as soon as possible
一串作为候选目标的城市
A number of cities were chosen as potential targets
都是未被常规燃♥烧♥弹♥轰炸波及的地方
They were left untouched by the Incendiary bombing
因为如果是遭到过常规轰炸的城市
because if you bombed the city
你就无法评估原♥子♥弹♥所造成的损伤了
you couldn't tell how much damage had been done by the atomic attacks
他们也尽量挑选人口较多的城市
They're also looking for on this quite large population
因为轰炸人口数量多的城市
because you could attack the city with large population
可以更全面的观测原♥子♥弹♥的效果
you again would be able to see the full impact
看着这些，选个靶子，真是个讽刺的决定
When you look at that, it is a really cynical decision for choosing a target
你要投下的可是史上开♥发♥出的最危险武器
a which you're dropping the most dangerous weapon that'd ever been developed
1945年8月6日，埃诺拉·盖伊号♥（B-29轰炸机）从马里亚纳群岛起飞
On August 6th 1945, the Enola Gay launches from the Mariana islands
当地时间8点15分
At 8:15 local time
载有60公斤铀的“小男孩”投向了广岛
Little Boy loaded with 60-kg's of uranium is released over Hiroshima
43秒之后，世界永远改变了
43 seconds later, the world changes forever
爆♥炸♥与烈焰造成了方圆1英里的破坏和另外4.5英里的辐射区
The blast creates a circle of devastation 1 mile wide with fires over another 4.5 mile radius
6万人死于瞬间
60,000 are killed instantly
10万人随后死于烧伤和辐射
with a further 100,000 dying from burns and radiation
3天之后
3 days later
“胖子”在长崎上空爆♥炸♥
Fat Man is exploded over Nagasaki
杀死了8万平民
killing 80,000 civilians
第一颗原♥子♥弹♥爆♥炸♥之后，日本人还不敢相信
After the first bomb in Japan, there was a certain amount of disbelief
长崎遭袭之后，已经无可否认
After Nagasaki though, it's kind of hard to deny
美国人拥有了某种形式的新武器
that Americans have some kind of new weapon here
而这仅仅只是一场大规模毁灭的开始
And it's just the start of what can be a long pattern of destruction
1945年9月2日，日本投降
September 2nd 1945, Japan capitulates
第二次世界大战正式结束
WWII is over
核子时代拉开序幕
The nuclear age has begun
许多人认为二战中的道德底线
A lot of people think that the moral ethical line of destruction in WWII
被原♥子♥弹♥的使用所打破，我不这么认为
was crossed by the atomic bomb, I disagree
我认为如果真还剩什么道德底线
I think that if there's any moral lines left
也早在对日本城市的（常规空袭）火攻中被打破了
all crossed with fire raids against Japanese cities
原♥子♥弹♥留下的真正问题是
The whole question of the atomic bomb is