城市化

我们称之为协商型开♥发♥
it's what we call negotiated development.
不是自上而下 而是自下而上
lt's not top down, it's bottom up.
社区需要安全的人行道
The community said they wanted safe pedestrian routes.
不管在卡雅利莎还是其他地方
What makes spaces unsafe, in Kayelitsha or anywhere at night,
不安全总是由于没有足够照明
is when there's not good lighting,
路面不够平整不方便行走
and where the surface isn't smooth and easy to walk on.
你很容易摔倒 别人也容易藏身
You can easily trip, or someone can easily hide.
设计理念在于在场地中要有很好的照明
The idea is that you have really good lighting in space.
晚上的时候 人们走路时
At night, when they go on,
这些照明让场地更安全
there's this cover which makes the space safer.
另外一个方法是在这条路上
Another idea of this linkage, in this route,
每500米放置一个警戒哨或者瞭望塔
was every 500 meters you would have a lookout point, or lookout tower.
整个战略计划的一部分是要
Part of the whole strategy plan
建立一系列的巡逻亭
was to create a series of these active boxes,
特别是在人行道的沿途
specifically along the pedestrian walkway,
以保障安全
to provide places of safety.
比如你走在路上
So if for instance you're walking along that pedestrian route,
你感觉不太安全时
and you feel unsafe for whatever reason,
你总能看到前方的巡逻亭
you can always see where the next active box is
只要你进到那里 你就安全了
and you know that you can go there and be safe.
它们被设计成
They're designed in such a way
高耸且有特征的建筑物
to provide an identity and also to provide a vertical element
人们走路时就能看到它们
that one could see as one was walking along.
所以我们在外墙上使用红色
We've used red in this case
白天的时候它们很显眼
so they're very clearly visible during the day,
而晚上的时候它们就像灯箱一样
and then they're down lit at night time,
是夜间的照明工具
so they're light boxes at night.
它们全天候运作保证安全
They're occupied 24/7
总有管♥理♥员♥在里面值班
so there's always a caretaker, somebody always involved.
它们不占地方
And they form little points
你还能在里面做点生意
where you can also have economic activity
和社区一起发展起来
and just coming together of community.
这里缺少的另外一样东西
What's also very lacking in the area
就是孩子们玩耍的地方
is a place for children to play,
这是我们城区规划中的另一个方面
so that was another aspect that we worked in the urban design.
因为人们总从那里经过
Because people are moving through it,
经常有人看着 所以比较安全
it's constantly observed, so it's fairly safe.
通过这些改良
With all this upgrading,
人们为此自豪 他们也就乐意参与
people now have pride in it, and they want to be part of it.
自从VPUU计划被引进该区域
The murder rate has come down by
谋杀率已经下降了将近40%
approximately 40% since VPUU started in this area.
这就像黑暗中的阳光
lt's like a sun lighting in a dark place.
尽管还有许多其他的设施
And even though there's still a lot of things
有待VPUU计划引入卡雅利莎
VPUU needs to put in Khayelitsha,
现阶段取得的进步
the stride that they've taken
让卡雅利莎的人们获得希望
gives the people of Khayelitsha a hope of life.
家长看到孩子的安全渐渐有所保证
Parents now are starting to see that their kids are safer now
因为他们有专门用来玩耍的地方了
because there's a place for them where they come and play.
孩子们在玩耍 而且他们很安全
the kids are playing, and the kids are safe.
当你处在如此艰苦的环境中
When you have extreme conditions like that,
城区改建不是干等着政♥府♥介入
the answer's not for government to sort of float in
对规划指手画脚
and to say what the solution is and to,
而是要调动群众参与进来
in a way, impose it on people.
矛盾的是 即使改建的目的很明确
But that paradoxically even though the needs are obvious
让生活在其中的人们有组织地参与规划
and then it becomes even more important to
集思广益找出最有效的应对方法
systematically involve people who live these realities
反而变得更加重要
in trying to figure out what's the most strategic way to respond.
美国新奥尔良
建于:1781年 人口:343万
在新奥尔良 荒废的土地遍布城市
ln New Orleans, the devastation was so widespread.
这是非常可怕的惨剧
It was a tragic horror.
低九区的问题在于
And the problem with the Lower 9th Ward is,
没有灾后重建计划
there was no recovery plan.
就像是让一群西海岸的建筑师来这里
It's like a bunch of architects from the West Coast coming in
在没有规划的情况下乱造一通
and doing all these buildings, to do something like that without a plan,
葛罗佛·莫顿
杜兰区城市设计中心主任
没有景观规划 也没有景观设计
without a landscape plan, without a landscape architect,
完全违反基本原则
is just against every simple little rule.
只是让建筑师们过瘾了
It's something where architects had a lot of fun,
其代价却很高昂
at some great expense.
他们真这么做把我吓到了
I mean I'm thrilled that they're doing it,
这座城市臭名昭著
because the notoriety for the city has been fantastic,
有个明星住在我家隔几条街的地方
and the movie star lives like a block away from me.
我记不清他的名字了
I can't remember his name...
他叫什么来着
whatever his name is...
-布拉德·皮特吗 -是布拉德·皮特
- Brad Pitt? - Brad Pitt!
我妻子今早见到布拉德·皮特了
My wife saw Brad Pitt this morning!
皮特先生和他的基金做了很多好事
What Mr. Pitt and his foundation is doing is wonderful,
所以现在人人都想来低九区住了
and now, everyone wants to go to the Lower 9th Ward.
但他们到那里一看 就转身走人
And the minute they get there, they go,
"天呐 这是什么"
"Oh my gosh, what is this?"
它看上去
I mean it looks like
就像你在加利福尼亚的海滩附近
you're in California somewhere, by the beach,
在马里布
in Malibu.
我是这么觉得的
That's what it looks like to me.
像我好友家的海滨别♥墅♥
It looks like my best friend's mother's beach house.
只有建筑师个人的发挥
Just because the architects are so divinely wonderful,
并不会让这里兴旺繁荣
isn't going to make a place wonderful.
新奥尔良的人都说这是规划疲劳
In New Orleans people talk about planning fatigue.
卡特里娜飓风后 很多人参加社区会议
After Katrina, lots of people went to lots of community meetings
凯恩蒂·张
公益艺术家
在各种地图上做很多标记
and put lots of stickers on lots of maps.
但多数情况下毫无实质进展
Oftentimes they didn't really see any noticeable change.
于是我就想
So I thought, well,
也许当地居民有更好方法
what if local residents had better tools
来塑造这里未来的商业和街区环境呢
to shape the future businesses in their neighborhood and beyond?
既然有很多空着的临街房♥
And so I thought, well, there are a lot of vacant storefronts,
最好是让市民参与进来
where better to ask for civic input than
而不是仅仅尝试改善某一个地方
on the very space that we are trying to improve.
我把贴纸呈网格状贴在市里废弃的建筑上
I put grids of stickers on neglected buildings around the city,
再附上一支记号♥笔
and a little sharpie pen,
路过的人就可以写下他们对该地的期望
for people who are walking by to write what they wish was there.
我希望这是一片绿地或狗狗公园
它们由乙烯制成 所以粘性很大
They're made of vinyl so they're very sticky
不过未来的业主能轻易撕掉
but future business owners can easily remove them
并不会造成资产损坏
without damaging property.
收到的反响之大让我惊喜万分
I've been blown away by the range of responses.
我希望这破楼从此地消失
我希望这里都是博士花痴
我希望这里由关心它的人运营
这又带来了更大的问题
It leads to bigger questions,
比如 居民是否有更好的工具
like what if residents had better tools
来塑造和开♥发♥他们的社区
to shape and develop their neighborhoods.
我希望这是一家商店 供应新鲜果蔬和南瓜饼
我们自己最了解
We're the ones who know
自己需要什么商业 什么需要修整
what business we need, what things need fixing.
我希望这里适宜居住
这就像城市规划和街头艺术的私生子一样
It's like a love child of urban planning and street art.
同一个社区里有很多资源
There are so many things, living in the same neighborhood,
我希望这里看着不要这么吓人
其实我们可以彼此共享
that we could actually share with each other
这有助于我们熟悉社区动态
that would help us understand what's going on.
共享本地信息
You know, share local information.
现在比较有趣的是
And right now it seems kind of funny
我们了解外面世界反而比
that it's easier to reach out to the entire world,
了解我们自己的社区更容易
than it is to reach out to your neighborhood.
如果你去看公共场所的信息牌
If you look at the messages in public space,
你可能会想 我们关注的都是
you might think all we care about
诱人的啤酒 芳香的洗发露
are sexy beers and fruity shampoos
以及最新的好莱坞大♥片♥ 对吧
and the latest Hollywood movies, right?
然后你会想
And you think,
这些对我们真的重要吗
does that really reflect what's important to us?
我认为我们需要思考
I think we need to consider
我们的公共场所能否得到更好的设计
whether our public spaces can be better designed
我希望这里是布拉德·皮特的家