敌后大爆破（1955）

巴恩斯.沃利斯（Barnes Neville Wallis，1887年-1979），英国航♥空♥工程师，爵士。早年家境清苦，受完中等教育后即辍学求职于工厂和船坞，通过夜校课程和自学成才。1913年进入维克尔的车间从事飞艇的设计和建造。设计过R-100和R-101型飞艇。三十年代，转向飞机设计，设计出惠灵顿式轰炸机，该机种于第二次世界大战爆发前投入生产。此外，还设计了用于摧毁德国提尔皮茨号♥战列舰和潜艇掩体的高穿透力特大型炸♥弹♥以及用于低空轰炸德国鲁尔水坝的“跳弹”（Bouncingbomb）以及“修理店”、“高脚杯”（5.44吨♥）、“大满贯”（10吨♥）等巨型炸♥弹♥。
盖伊.吉布森（Guy Penrose Gibson，1918-1944），英国皇家空军第617中队的中队长，1943 年5月率领由他所特别组训的第六一七飞行中队的19架重轰炸机成功地低空突袭德国鲁尔地区的水坝（惩戒行动），荣获维多利亚十字勋章。在整个二战期间，英国空军只有7名飞行员在生前获得这一荣誉。1943年5月27日，英王乔治六世和伊丽莎白王后视察了第617中队的驻地并接见吉布森。这个中队如今已经有了一个众人皆知的绰号♥，叫“毁坝者”（Dambuster）。奉英王的命令，王室纹章院向第617中队颁赠了一个队徽，上面是象征君权的皇冠，中♥央♥是被三道雷霆摧毁的大坝，下面的绶带上写着路易十五的爱妾蓬巴杜夫人那句名言：
“Apres moi le Deluge”
（在我之后，哪怕它洪水滔天）
1944 年9 月，吉布森在执行任务中座机坠毁于荷兰，身亡。
1943 年5月吉布森率领中队的轰炸行动，3.3亿立方米的洪水在鲁尔河和埃德尔河流域咆哮而下，在鲁尔河流域淹没了80平方公里的土地，在埃德尔河流域一直淹到富尔达市。洪水一路上卷走了无数的桥梁、房♥屋、工厂、矿坑、铁路车厢、牲畜和人类。由于德国人在这些地区没有建立洪水报♥警♥机制，因此许多人是在睡梦中被洪水卷走的。一座关押波兰和俄♥国♥妇女的外国劳工营被整个儿卷走，睡在里面的一千多名妇女有750人淹死在冰冷的洪水中。接下来的一个多星期里，德国搜救人员在鲁尔河谷的泥泞中搜出了1579具尸体，在埃德尔河找到了另外70具死尸。再后来的情报还提供道，德国有125个军工厂因这场突如其来的大水而被迫停工停产。第617 中队此次出征共有19 架飞机，其中损失了9 架；共有133 名飞行员出征（其中有十三名澳大利亚人、两名新西兰人和两名美国人），其中有54 人牺牲。
英国希望这次行动能够成为摧毁德国战争工业的漫长努力中的一个转折点。但施佩尔调来大量工程单位，在很短的时间内修复了默内水坝，英国皇家空军在此时犯了一个错误，他们没有对暴露的大坝工地进行轰炸。当然德军也加强了水坝防御。施佩尔不计人力物力财力在几个星期同恢复鲁尔工业区的用水。
此次行动的无心插柳的战略成果：它没能打碎德国的工业铁拳，却击中了德国的农业软下腹。鲁尔河谷和埃德尔水库所在的黑森北部地区一度是德国最重要的食品供应基地之一，在空袭之后，大量耕地被洪水带来的淤泥所覆盖，牛和马等大牲畜被洪水冲走溺毙。此外，大坝被炸毁的图片对德国人的士气造成了严重的打击。
- 我到处找也找不到，爸爸
- I've lost it, Daddy. I can't find it.
- 我找到了
- I've got it.
- 给你，爸爸
- Here it is, Daddy.
- 谢谢你
- Thank you.
注意喽，克里斯托弗
Watch it, Christopher.
4，3，2，1，发射！
Four, three, two, one, fire!
很好，非常好！标记一下，玛丽
Fine, that's good! Mark it, Mary.
好的，那么让我们...
Right, well let's...
你好！老医生！对不起，你来这儿很长时间了吗？
Hello, old Doc! I'm sorry. Have you been here long?
不，我只是刚到这儿。这是在进行什么？
No, I've just come. What all this going on?
哦，这个...我只是试着搞明白一些小事儿
Oh, it's... just a little thing I'm trying to find out.
给，你能替我拿着吗？刚刚落在浴缸的中心。
Here, can you just hold that for me? Just over the centre of the tub.
好了吗？
Got it?
好的，我们在笔记本上记下这一次数据
Right, we'll make a note of this one.
13.3英尺。现在可以了，非常感谢
13 foot 3. That's all right now. Thank you very much.
- 你好，医生
- Hello, Doc.
- 你好，亲爱的
- Hello, darling.
你是来给伊莉莎白看病的吗？我希望不是扁桃体发炎
Are you going to look at Elizabeth? I hope it isn't tonsils.
她看起来很好。你的母亲在哪？
She looks all right. Where's your mother?
- 在屋里
- In the house.
- 我们可以进去吗
- Let's go in, shall we?
我只待一会儿，坐下来喝杯茶
I'll be in in a minute. Stay for some tea.
非常感谢
Thanks very much.
现在听好。在天没黑下来这前，让我们再试几次
Well, now listen. Let's try to get one or two more shots before it's too dark.
谢谢
Thank you.
注意观察，玛丽
Watch out, Mary.
看好喽，克里斯托弗
Watch it, Christopher.
我认为没有什么可担心的
I don't think there's anything to worry about here.
体温一切正常
The temperature is all right.
春天很多人的喉咙会发炎
Quite a lot of these throats are running around this spring.
- 她明天早上就会没事了
- She'll be all right in the morning.
- 很好
- Good.
现在，去上♥床♥吧，宝贝。我会晚点给你拿晚餐来
Now, along to bed, darling. I'll bring you up some supper later on.
哦，但我要去帮忙爸爸打弹弓
Oh, but I've got to help Daddy play marbles.
不，现在太晚了，亲爱的
No, it's too late now, dear.
- 晚安，医生
- Good night, Doctor.
- 晚安，伊莉莎白
- Good night, Elizabeth.
一切正常，让我们再试一次
All right, let's try one more.
- 晚安
- Good night.
- 晚安，宝贝
- Good night, darling.
3，2，1，发射！
Three, two, one, fire!
他又在外面玩那套老把戏
He seems to be having a fine old game out there.
这是怎么回事？
What's it all about?
他从早上到下午试着解决一些问题
Just some problem he's trying to solve before tomorrow afternoon.
他现在这样已经好几天了
He's been at it for days now.
今点五点还下着雨他就开始了
He was out there at 5 o'clock this morning in the rain.
医生，我叫您今天下午来不全是给伊莉莎白看病的
Doctor, when I called you this afternoon it wasn't really about Elizabeth.
- 是因为巴恩斯
- It was Barnes.
- 你认为他不正常吗？
- You don't think he's well?
他现在好很啊，但他的精力不如以前了
He's all right at present, but he won't be for much longer.
如果他继续这样下去会吃不消的
He can't be if he goes on like this:
晚上工作越来越晚
2 and 3 and 4 o'clock night after night.
之后，他还要在维克斯公♥司♥辛苦工作一天
And after a hard day at his real job at Vickers.
他最近都很晚才睡觉
He hardly went to bed at all last night.
他在透♥支♥自己
He's wearing himself out.
我希望你能和他谈谈，我认为他能够听你的建议
I wish you'd have a talk with him, I think he might listen to you.
我尽力而为，但你了解他的脾气
I'll see what I can do, but you know how he is.
- 伊莉莎白怎么样？
- How is Elizabeth?
- 哦，她很好
- Oh, she's all right.
- 你认为是扁桃体发炎吗？
- You don't think it's tonsils?
- 不，不，没发炎
- No, no, no.
但我会持续观察她的情况，你不必担心
But I'll keep an eye on her, don't you worry.
茶已经凉了，巴恩斯。我都叫过你两次了
The tea is stone cold, Barnes. I called you twice.
哦，对不起。但你知道我得到了有很多非常有用的数据
Oh, I'm sorry. But you know I got a lot of very useful stuff here.
现在只有一个问题就是把它们记在纸上
It's only a question now of working it out on paper.
- 又要熬夜吗？
- Another late night?
- 我不知道，看情况吧
- I don't know, it depends.
无论怎样，先把容易的这部分数据记下来
In any case, this part is easy compared with what's coming.
- 来杯茶吗，医生
- Have a cup of tea, Doc.
- 好的，你如果要...
- Well, if you're going to...
- 我去换壶新茶
- I'll make some fresh.
- 没事的，我来吧
- Don't worry, I'll do it.
不用了，你坐下吧，把湿鞋脱了歇会儿
No, no, you sit down and take off those wet shoes.
- 最好把窗帘先拉上
- Better see to the blackout first.
- 我来帮你一把
- I'll give you a hand.
等一下
Wait a minute.
老兄，来外面听听
Come out here and listen.
噢，听上去又是一次大轰炸
Hmm, sound like another big one.
他们（伦敦）肯定无法抵抗这样的轰炸
Surely they won't be able to stand up to many raids like these.
我们真应该帮他们一把，但我们无能为力
They wouldn't if we could really get at them, but we don't.
这就像试图开枪打死巨人只能伤到他的胳膊和腿
It's like trying to kill a giant by firing at his arms and legs
而不是一发精准的子弹穿过他的心脏
with thousands of peashooters instead of a clean bullet through the heart.
你知道他们（德国人）试图炸平伦敦
You know what happened when they tried to wipe out London.
你们的茶来了，巴恩斯。茶别凉了
Here's your tea, Barnes. Don't let this get cold.
就这来
I'm coming.
医生，你记得我提到的地震炸♥弹♥的想法吗？
Doc, do you remember about that earthquake bomb idea of mine?
是的，那会儿正赶上敦克尔克大撤退
Yes, that was the time of Dunkerque.
你跟我说过这个想法，但你也只有想法而已
You told me the idea, but not what you wanted it for.
到这儿来
Come over here.
你知道德国人需要多少水来炼一吨♥钢吗？
Do you know how much water it takes the Germans to make a ton of steel?
- 没计算过
- Haven't the least idea.
- 需要一百吨♥水
- One hundred tons.
现在看看这个
Now just look at this.
在德国鲁尔这个极其庞大的军♥火♥制♥造♥工厂区的所有水源
The whole of this great arsenal of war factories in the Ruhr
都依赖于这三个巨型水坝：
depends for its water on three enormous dams:
默内、埃德尔和佐尔佩
The Mohne, the Eder and the Sorpe.
他们控制运河的水位，提供大量的水力发电
They control the level of the canals and supply a lot of hydroelectric power.
这三个水坝全蓄满时，会有四百万吨♥的水
When those are full, they hold 400 million tons of water.
你想想，如果我们让这三个水坝决口会造成多大的混乱
Just think of the chaos if we could break those walls down.
这就是我现在要做的事
Now, this is what I wanted to do.
从40,000英尺投下一枚10吨♥炸♥弹♥
Drop a 10 ton bomb from 40 thousand feet
让它落水沉到水坝坝体的底部
that would seal itself in the roots of the wall.
爆♥炸♥后的冲击将对水坝坝体制♥造♥致使的伤害
The shockwaves would be tremendous, a real earthquake.
但你能击中一个8英里长的线状目标吗？
But could you hit a target that size from 8 miles up?
我估计炸♥弹♥要投到离水坝50英尺内才能有我说的效果
I reckon that a near miss, even 50 feet, would do the job.
另外有可以装载10吨♥炸♥弹♥的轰炸机吗？
Is there an airplane that will carry a 10 ton bomb?
- 不，但我会设计出来的
- No, but I was going to design one.
- 怎么了？
- What happened?
直说了吧，已经成立了一个审查委员会，我们公♥司♥也参加了
Well, a committee was set up and we went into it
但我没有充分考虑到水的缓冲作用
but I hadn't made sufficient allowance for the cushioning effect of the water.
我们应该需要30吨♥的炸♥弹♥...太重了，目前的轰炸机装载不了
We should need a 30 ton bomb ...too heavy for any aircraft at present.
- 糖？
- Sugar?
- 不，多谢
- No, thanks.
- 哦，来点吧
- Oh, carry on.
- 好吧，就一点儿
- Well, just a little.
你知道吗？巴恩斯
Do you know, Barnes?
我还是不明白你为什么需要这样的炸♥弹♥
I still don't see why you need such a special bomb.
这座水坝坝体约120英尺厚：石砌结构
This dam is about 120 feet thick: Solid masonry all through.
我们验证过，比现在最大的炸♥弹♥大20倍的才行
We've proved that a bomb 20 times the size of the biggest bomb now
要不只是给它挠痒痒罢了
wouldn't even tickle it.
此外，我们还不能使用漂雷
Besides, we can't float anything down the lake
因为他们在水坝前面设置了两道老长老长的拦阻带
because they've got these two huge booms stretching right across it.
我们甚至不能从水下攻击
We can't even get it in under the water
因为爆♥炸♥物会被粗钢网挂住
because these booms support thick steel nets
这将阻止从上游来的潜艇，更别说是鱼雷。
which would stop a flotilla of submarines let alone torpedoes.
我明白了
I see.