国家地理：改变历史的罪案

Adolph Luetgert
杀了他的妻子路易莎并在碎肉桶里
had killed and disposed his wife Louisa
处理了尸体
in his grinding vats.
但是警探只有一把骨头
But detectives only had a handful of bone fragments
作为证据
as evidence.
关键的法律问题
The key legal question
在于让尸体说话
that came out something that called corpse dialect.
你得拿尸体作为
where you have to prove the body
证据
of evidence
证明有谋杀案发生
that there was a crime.
所以首要问题就是
So the first question is
是否有凶杀案
was there a murder.
芝加哥一些人中
And some people in Chicago,
阿道夫·鲁格特就是其中之一
Adolph Luetgert among them,
坚持没有谋杀
insisted that no murder is happening here,
路易莎·鲁格特只是离家出走了
Louisa Luetgert just ran off.
具有开拓精神的人类学家乔治·多尔西
But pioneering anthropologist George Dorsey
确信在阿道夫·鲁格特香肠桶里
were sure he had identified parts of
发现的骨头
a human toe and rib
经他鉴定是人类的脚趾骨和肋骨
in Adolph Luetgert's sausage vats.
他的发现引起了轰动
His evidence caused sensation.
这是人类学家第一次
This was the first trial
在法庭上作为专家证人作证
where anthropologists testified as expert witnesses.
当时引起了很大的轰动
It was a huge sensation and
就跟
was similar to
如今你经历的
what you would experience today
凯西·安东尼案件审判或是
with something like the Casey Anthony trial
奥吉·辛普森的案子类似
or the Augie Simpson case,
昼夜不停地大篇幅报道
blanket coverage around the clock,
报纸加版加量报道
newspapers putting out extra edditions,
成千上万的人出现在法♥院♥大楼
thousands of people showing up the court house,
试图挤进法庭
trying to get into the trial
因为人人都想亲眼见证
because everyone wants to see it,
观众听证会场场爆满
so the audiance hearing would be packed every day.
当乔治·多尔西作证时
And when George Dorsey testified,
他的细节令人难以置信
he came across's very incredible
他说得斩钉截铁
and he sounded very definitive
证明这些骨头
when he identified these specific bones
是属于人类骨骼的特定部分
being specific parts of human skeleton.
这位人类学家不光确信
Not only was the anthropologist convinced
他发现这些骨头是人脚趾骨和肋骨
that he had found bits of a human toe and a rib,
而且是属于女人的
but that they had come from a woman.
他的理由是这些骨头
He argued that they were smaller
都小于一般男性的骨头
than average sized male bones.
路易莎·鲁格特是个
Louisa Luetgert was a woman
身材娇小的女人
of small stature.
法医证据确凿 可将被告
The forensic evidence was damning for the accused,
即她的丈夫阿道夫
her husband Adolph,
芝加哥的"香肠大王"定罪
Chicago Sausage King.
辩护律师盘问了多尔西
The defense attorneys cross-examined Dorsey
他们千方百计想让他中计
by no matter how they tried to trip him up,
他都没有偏离他的发现
he would not budge from his story.
控方坚决的态度使该案引人注目
The prosecution made it a compelling case,
但是将法医细节作为
but the evidence was circumstantial
详尽证据
based on forensic detail
在其他罪案中
that have never been presented
是从未有过的
in any other criminal case.
况且还是基于专家的意见
It was also based on one expert opinion.
因此辩方律师不断研究这点
So the defense attorneys kept hammering away at that,
试图给陪审团造成这种疑虑
trying to have this doubt in the minds of the juries.
辩方动用了另一位专家的意见
The defense came up with another expert of opinion,
大学解剖导师
from university anatomy instructor
沃尔特·艾尔珀特
Walter Alport.
他对这些在香肠桶里发现的碎骨
He had a different view in the bone fragments
持不同意见
recovered from the sausage vats.
艾尔珀特博士看了
Dr. Alport looked at the same bones
乔治·多尔西看过的骨头
that George Dorsey looked at
说有些骨头是猪身上的
and said some of these bones were from a hog.
这是个有效的论点
It was a valid arguement.
猪和人的肋骨有相似的特征
Pig and human ribs have simmilar characteristics.
就像如今的很多审判
like many trials today,
会变成证人席上的
you end up with warring experts
专家争吵不休
on the witness stand.
他们在盘问阶段拿出了
They were bringing out some various bones
各式各样的骨头
during cross examination.
他们上交了一些骨头
And they handed some bones
你看了后说是狗骨头
and you looked and said they were from a dog.
控方就指出实际上是猴子的骨头
The prosecution pointed out that was actually from a monkey,
这引起了哄堂大笑
which prompted some laughter and
他企图掩饰错误的方式便是
his way of trying to recover from this mistake
声称可能这是一只狗猴
was say maybe it was a dog monkey.
那时
At that point,
陪审团很可能在想
the juries were probably thinking,
"这家伙在胡言乱语"
"This guy doesn't know what he's talking about".
实际上也就破坏了
So that really undermined
辩方的一些有关骨头的证词
some of the defense... testimony on the bones.
控方成功扳回重要一局
The prosecution scored a major point,
但还要证明的确有人被谋杀了
but was yet to prove that anyone had been killed.
直到另一个证据和脚趾骨及肋骨
Until another piece of evidence was presented
一起被发现
along with bits of toe and a rib.
是一块来自头骨的
There was another bone fragments
骨头碎片
that had come from the skull.
乔治·多尔西注意到了耳道
George Dorsey noticed the trace of the ear canal.
一次成型造就了
It minted the once-formed part
颞骨
of the temporal bone,
靠近耳朵 是头骨的一部分
a part of the skull near the ear.
辩方称没有证据证明是谋杀
The defense had argued there was no evidence for murder.
而这块头骨碎片的鉴定
The fragment identified as a piece of skull
改变了这一切
changed all that.
如果你失去你的小指尖
If you lose the top of your little finger,
你还能行动无大碍
you could still quite functionally be alive.
法医人类学家
苏·布莱克
但是如果没有了那块
However, if it turns out to be a bit of that comes right
靠近你头部的小骨头
from, you know, the side of your head here,
你就不大可能活着到处走动了
chances of you walking around alive are pretty slim.
这是史无前例的
It was unprecedented--
第一次利用骨头
bones led to a conviction for murder
为谋杀案定罪
for the first time.
所有的陪审员都认为他有罪
The total jurors find him guilty.
很多人认为
Instead of giving him
他犯下如此滔天罪行 应该处死
a death penalty which some people thought he deserve for
但他们并未这么做
committing such a gruesome crime,
而是判他终身监禁
they setenced him life to prison.
一些骨头碎片
A few fragments of bone,
态度坚决的控方
a determined prosecution
以及一位专家证人
and an expert witness
谱写了法律的历史
made legal history.
法医人类学
Forensic anthropology
在法庭上一举成名
had made its mark in the courts
在罪案调查中还将发挥更重要的作用
and would play an even greater role in crime investigation.
1936年是法医人类学的又一里程碑
Another milestone which was reached in 1936
FBI与史密森尼自然历史博物馆的
when the FBI formed partnership with anthropologists
人类学家进行合作
at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History.
他们帮助FBI调查最棘手的案件
They helped the FBI investigate its most challenging cases.
1945年
In 1945,
法医人类学家
forensic anthropologists were
还被用来鉴定二战中牺牲的
also employed to identify the remains of coutless
许多不明身份的
unknown soldiers
战士尸体
who perished in the World War II.
所谓的"遗骨侦探"
The so-called "Bone Detectives"
于1949年第一次接手连环杀人案