BBC地平线：不受控制？（2012）

我们倾向于认为我们所做 所想
We like to believe we're in control of everything we do,
所感觉的一切都在自己控制之下
everything we think and everything we feel.
但科学家发现我们生活的每一刻
But scientists are discovering that at every moment of our lives,
都被一股看不见的力量所指引
an unseen presence is guiding us all.
现在他们将要探索潜意识的未知世界
Now, they're exploring the secret world of your unconscious mind.
警告
大脑使用中
这就是为什么我们有某种的感觉
It's why we feel a certain way,
以某种方式思考
why we think a certain way,
这就是我们成为独特个体的原因
it's why we are the way we are.
潜意识一直与阴暗的欲望联♥系♥在一起
Long associated with dark desires,
而如今它的本质渐渐浮出水面
the real nature of the unconscious is becoming clear.
潜意识并非原始的
The unconscious, it's not a primal,
难以驯服或具动物性的特质
unruly, animal thing.
它实为我们身上最复杂的特质之一
It's, in fact, one of the most sophisticated things we have.
新的实验可以证明 你以为自己所做的
New experiments are now revealing that what you think you do
与你真实所做的事可以截然不同
and what you really do can be very different.
大部分时间我们都受潜意识控制
Most of the time we're on cruise control.
从吃的食物到所爱的人
From what you eat to who you love,
潜意识都能对你发号♥施令
your unconscious can actually call the shots.
因为潜意识的力量如此之强
And because it is so powerful,
科学家们正在寻找办法驾驭其隐藏的潜能
scientists are finding ways to harness its hidden potential.
如果你觉得
If you think that the
互联网和脸书已经掀起了一场革命
internet and Facebook have caused a revolution,
那就请拭目以待
wait until you see what happens
看看当我们真正了解人类大脑后又会如何
when we really understand the human brain.
如果你认为你能掌控自己的人生
If you think you're really in control of your life,
那你可能要三思了
you may have to think again.
地平线 失控了吗
这是一个普通小镇上的一条普通街道
A normal street in a normal town.
但这里远超于我们目之所及
But there's more here than meets the eye.
每一天的生活让你晕头转向
Each day, life whirls around you in a hectic blur.
城市风光
垃圾
那么请停下来
So just stop.
花一点时间
Take a moment.
好好看看周围
Have a proper look around.
这真是个纷杂的世界
It really is a busy, cluttered world out there.
你对这一切能意识到多少
How much of all this are you actually aware of?
科学家正在努力寻找答案
Scientists are trying to find out.
他们在调查人类一次
They're investigating the limits
在意识层面上所能接受信息量的极限
of how much anyone can consciously take in at once.
我们感觉自己在看着这个
We have a sense of seeing this continuous world
持续地展现在我们周围的连续的世界
that's unravelling continuously around us.
但这可能根本不是
And that's probably not
我们从这个世界获得的信息
what we're picking up from the world at all.
比如说 我们的眼球每秒活动五次
For example, we move our eyes about five times a second -
牛津大学
吉雅·诺布雷教授
非常快速的眼球运动
incredibly rapid eye movements.
可能是人体能做的最快的动作
It's probably the fastest movements that our bodies can make,
如子弹般快速的眼球运动
these ballistic eye movements.
电♥话♥亭
我们真正在做的是
What we're really doing is
每次目光扫过物体时拍下快照
taking snapshots every time we glance at something
而在这之间 世界在视网膜上
and in between, where the world
呼啸而过 我们什么也看不见
would be whizzing by our retinas, we're blind.
而之后我们看着拍下的快照 你会想
And then if we look within a given snapshot, you think,
至少在快照中
at least within a given snapshot
有我感觉到的世界
this is the world and I sense it,
但当我们试着仔细测量
but when we try to get down and measure
一个人每看一眼究竟能接收到什么
what a person actually takes in in any given glance,
其实很难判断
it's hard to estimate.
确定一个人能从每一次快照中接收的信息量
Finding out how much someone can take in from the snapshot of a single glance
就能反映出其大脑的能力
can reveal their brain's ability.
-乔治 请坐在这里 -好
- OK, George, do you want to take a seat here ? - Yeah.
这是牛津大学
It's a subject being studied
大脑和认知实验室正在研究的课题
in the university of Oxford's Brain and Cognition Laboratory.
好的
Ok.
我们不想过于挤压你的头部
We're going to try not to squish your head too much
你感觉触碰到了就告诉我们
so let me know when you touch.
研究生乔治就是今天的试验对象
Graduate student George is today's guinea pig.
-我觉得差不多了 -好的
- I think you're there, yeah. - Ok
我还要给你这个光纤应答键
I'm also going to give you this fibre optic response pad.
好的
Ok.
用它来完成测试
To give it a task.
利用屏幕上显示的四种图形
Using these four shapes on screen,
今天的测试将会发现
today's test will find out
乔治在意识层面能接收多少信息
how much George can consciously take in.
他有200毫秒时间 只够扫一眼
He'll have 200 milliseconds, the duration of single glance,
去记住不同图形的指向
to remember the shapes' positions.
只出现一次 然后重现一次
Just one will then reappear
但是方向改变了
but its orientation has changed.
乔治的任务 就是根据短暂的一瞥
George's task, based on that brief glimpse,
确定图形是否被向左或右转动过
is to choose whether it's been rotated left or right.
它第一次出现时是这样的
This is how it first appeared.
这一次 它被向右转动了
In this case, it was rotated to the right.
通过这种方式 我们能计算出
By doing this, we'll be able to compute
他的大脑能记住
how many of these four objects
四种图形中几个的指向
he was actually able to hold in his mind.
你来试试
Try it yourself.
记住 必须确定重现的图形
Remember, you have to decide whether the object that reappears
是向左还是向右转动过了
has rotated left or right from its original position.
左
Left.
再试试
Try again.
还是左
Left again.
并不简单 对吗
Not easy, is it?
做这个实验前 我们多数人可能会觉得
Most of us would probably think before an experiment like that
任何人都能记住这四个图形
that any one of us can hold four simple coloured shapes in mind
并在一秒内做出判断
and be able to respond about them after a second.
其实我们发现事实并非如此
In fact, we see that not to be the case.
乔治只需要记住四个图形的位置
George had to hold in mind the position of just four shapes.
但他无法做到 甚至连三个都记不住
He couldn't do it. He couldn't even manage three.
测试的平均结果是 他记住了2.8个
Averaged over the test, he remembered 2.8.
这个数字代表了乔治的大脑
This figure represents the approximate number of things
能在意识层面同时处理的事件数量
that George's brain can consciously deal with at any one time.
这个结果基本为人均水平
And this result is typical for everyone.
这屏幕上的信息超过了
This simple screen contains more things
你意识所能处理的上限
than you can consciously handle.
人的意识在同一时间
Your conscious mind can cope
能处理的任务不超过两到三个
with no more than two or three tasks at once.
这说明我们的知觉意识
So it just shows us how
是多么的有限
amazingly limited our perceptual awareness is
即使我们已经将这个世界简化了
even once we've stripped down the world to,
简化到了夸张的程度
you know, an absurd level.
所以再看看四周
So take another look around.
即使这一刻
Even now,
现实存在也比我们意识到的要丰富
there's more going on than you can consciously take in.
感觉自己知道周遭所发生的一切
The sense that you're aware of everything occurring around you
这不过是人生最大的幻觉之一
is nothing more than one of life's greatest illusions.
但如果你的意识只能处理
But if your conscious mind can deal with
日常事物的一小部分
only a fraction of the things that happen to you each day,
特尔街
那必须要靠别的什么来负责余下的工作
something else must be responsible for all the rest.
而这就是你的潜意识
And this is where the hidden processes
在暗暗进行工作的时候
of your unconscious mind come in.
潜意识通常与梦境和被压抑的欲望有关
Often associated with dreams and repressed desires,
现在它逐渐显露出真正的力量
the unconscious is now starting to reveal its true power.
但科学家究竟认为它能在生活中
But how big a role do scientists think
发挥多大的作用呢
it plays in your life?
想象一下这张纸
Imagine that sheet of
代表大脑能做的所有事情
paper represents everything the brain can do,
你认为多少在意识层面 多少在潜意识层面
how much do you think is conscious and how much is unconscious?
这是个有意思的问题
That's an interesting question.
有多少在意识层面 多少在潜意识层面