地平线系列之电子烟：奇迹还是威胁（2016）

而专家们对此存在很大的分歧
and the experts are bitterly divided.
二者相比存在着巨大的差异
between electronic cigarettes and tobacco cigarettes.
发现我肺里巨噬细胞的数量增多了
he discovered an increase in the number of macrophages in my lungs.
反正我们很自信 是不是 是吧
We're feeling good, though, aren't we? Yeah!
反之亦然
or vice versa!
感到不适是很正常的
about seeing me using e-cigarettes.
感觉火♥辣♥辣的
It's, um, really sort of burning.
干得漂亮
So well done for you.
-刚过两年 -我抽电子烟快三年了
- Just over two years. - I'll be on my vape-versary for three years.
刚开始的时候
When I started,
高上天了 真的
Through the roof, really.
各种不同的香料
through different flavours
给我们提供志愿者们
before our experiment starts,
给我一款薄荷
So give me a mint.
更感兴趣
of e-cigarettes on these measures.
公共卫生系统内的人怎么能强烈反对
how was it possible that people from within public health vigorously opposed
供从来没有用过电子烟的人使用
for someone who's never used an electronic cigarette before.
供使用者从烟嘴吸取
which the user inhales through the mouthpiece.
关于不同香料对我们肺的影响
about different flavourings and the effect on our lungs.
关于电子烟的盲区还很多
There are still so many unknowns
关于吸电子烟的一些基本问题
some of the fundamental questions about vaping.
广♥告♥宣传它能以最小的危害
It's been marketed as a much less harmful way
还不错 我们有一些有趣的结论
Not too bad. We have some interesting results.
还不止这些
And there's more.
还存在顾虑
they are used as a substitute.
还会造成细胞过早死亡
and leading to premature cell death.
还记得椰香朗姆酒味实验中
Remember the pina colada,
还是电子烟产生的蒸气
or could the vapour from my e-cigarette
还是只通过药用尼古丁
or just through pharmaceutical nicotine,
还是重度吸烟者时的基线健康数据
while our volunteers are still heavy smokers.
还是走进了一场灾难
or gambling our way into a catastrophe?
还因为它被广泛用于食品中
and because it's widely used in foods
还有点恶心
and ever so slightly nauseous.
还有两种简单的化合物
and also two simple compounds
还在摄入尼古丁
are still taking in nicotine,
韩力曾六次试图戒烟
Hon Lik had tried to quit smoking six times.
好 有点像新鲜的海风
OK. A bit like fresh sea air.
好的 我推荐几款卖♥♥得最好的初级设备
Lovely. So what I've got - some of our bestselling starter kits
好的
Right.
好了 保证你的嘴完全贴在这上面
OK. So make sure your mouth is well sealed around this.
喝了咖啡会舒服些
And if you have coffee, you then feel better.
和被当作替代品使用
and there are concerns that, actually,
和接触过电子烟雾的细胞表现相似
or with e-cigarette vapour are very similar,
和伦敦大学玛丽皇后学院的彼得·哈杰克
and Peter Hajek from Queen Mary University of London.
和尼古丁替代品组的人
and the nicotine replacement groups
和其他有毒化合物
that are present in cigarette smoke.
和其他组之间有实际差别
who used e-cigarettes and the other groups.
和我们的志愿者一样
just like our volunteers.
和用户的使用方法
and how the user chooses to use it.
和这个原型很相似
It is very similar to this prototype.
很多国家禁止使用电子烟
many countries prohibited their use.
很多人担心电子烟会吸引更多人
There was widespread concern that e-cigarettes would have a broader appeal
很多吸烟的人想要的外套
that a lot of people who smoke want to wear.
很好
That's good.
很难想象这种植物加工后
And it's hard to imagine the scale of sort of death and destruction
很显然 如果你不吸烟
Clearly, if you are not a smoker,
很有健康意识
are very health-conscious
呼出少量尼古丁
on your nearest and dearest.
呼吸系统疾病 肺癌
respiratory disease, lung cancer.
护士检测了我的一氧化氮呼出量
The nurse tests for the amount of nitric oxide I'm exhaling
换句话说 它就好像是穿了华丽外套的尼古丁替代疗法
So, in other words, it's just like NRT in fancy clothes.
会被呼吸专家奥马尔·乌斯马尼博士分♥析♥
by respiratory specialist Dr Omar Usmani.
会导致更多细胞死亡
than the sweet pina colada.
会更容易致瘾
found in regular cigarettes.
会看到提示说"箭头指向哪边"
you will see the instruction, "Which direction"?
会让非吸烟者也开始吸烟
will encourage non-smokers to take up vaping.
会引起各种各样的健康问题
leads to a wide variety of health effects,
或仅仅是另一种让我们对尼古丁上瘾的方法
or simply another way of keeping us addicted to nicotine
或者到达我不能忍♥的程度
or there will come a point where it just makes me feel so awful
或者会觉得恶心 头晕
you might feel a little bit sick or feel a little bit dizzy,
或者可能对人有害
or potentially harmful to humans.
或者你觉得你需要抽的时候用
and when you feel you need one.
或者也可能是好事
Or is it?
或者只是一种继续吸入尼古丁的方法
or a way to just keep on inhaling nicotine.
获取尼古丁的方式
to consume nicotine
基本上有 我还做不到
Broadly. I haven't managed to fit in
即上述的薄荷味和椰香朗姆酒味
menthol and pina colada.
即使才四周 你就看到变化了
Even in four weeks, you saw changes?
即使每个人都吸电子烟
If everybody in the population took up electronic cigarettes,
即我们所说的大型企业 跨国烟草企业
what we call the big companies, transnational tobacco companies,
几秒钟后
In a matter of seconds,
计划就是根除烟瘾
The plan was eradication.
记得你感觉很好的时候吗
You know that feeling you get when something's great?
坚信公共场所的空气
believes very strongly that air in public places
检测会发现我呼吸道中的损伤吗
Will the tests find any damage in my airways?
检查心功能
that are looking at the heart function itself.
鉴于我初次吸电子烟
So assume I'm a vaping virgin, which I am.
箭头会指向左或右
and the arrow will point either to the left or to the right.
将会有书籍和博士论文还有电影讲述
Books and PhDs and movies will be made about
将其与管道一端相连接
This is connected to a tube.
将死于由抽烟引发的疾病
will die from smoking-related diseases.
将烟草烟雾溶解于细胞培养液中
Then they pass tobacco smoke in a liquid solution over the cells
接触过新鲜空气细胞的修复能力
is that the ability of the cells to repair themselves with fresh air
接触了传统香烟烟雾
cigarette smoke.
接触了电子烟雾
e-cigarette vapour
接触两种不同香料后细胞的存活数量
the number of cells that survive being exposed to the two different flavours,
接触香烟烟雾后 细胞只有6%的存活率
Only 6% of the cells survived exposure to tobacco smoke.
接触椰香朗姆酒味后的细胞存活率
after being exposed to pina colada electronic cigarette
接上含薄荷味电子烟液的电子烟
he attaches an e-cigarette which contains menthol flavoured e-liquid.
接下来我们想让你们进入房♥间
What we're going to ask you to do is come into our chamber
接着 电子烟出现了
And then electronic cigarettes appeared.
接着他对比了
He then compares
结果并不理想
Not a brilliant result.
结果显示你的基准值
And what happened to you was that your baseline level,
戒烟的人肺内的这种有毒气体
The people who have quit smoking all have far lower levels
戒烟能带来益处
that there are good side effects from not smoking
戒烟日过后四周了
It's now four weeks since Quit Day.
今天是你们吸烟的最后一天
is the last day of your smoking
仅仅接触了
were exposed to nothing more
仅仅四周都产生了如此大的健康收益
produces such big health benefits in just four weeks.'
仅仅一个月就有如此大的改变
that there is such a change in just a month.
仅仅用一种危害代替另一种危害呢
simply replacing one danger with another?
仅仅这个实验是无法证明
This single test doesn't mean the vapour from e-cigarettes
仅是吸烟时的一半
are just half of what they were when they were smoking.
仅在英国就有二百五十多万使用者
In the UK alone, there are over 2.5 million users.
紧接着数值就一路蹿升
and immediately the levels went through the roof really.
尽管顾问医师和医护人员都劝我少抽烟
and, even though I've been advised by all of my consultants and health care professionals,
尽管还有不确定和潜在缺点
then, despite the uncertainties and potential downsides,
进入市场 买♥♥断这些制♥造♥厂商
coming in and buying up these manufacturers.
近期有研究称
There have been recent reports claiming
就会产生约100种有毒物质
you're going to create round about 100 toxicants or so
就可能改变这个世界的健康情况
this could transform the world's health.'
就没必要吸电子烟了
then taking up vaping is a stupid thing to do.
就是一氧化氮
called nitric oxide.
就是这样 我想你应该得到所需的了
That's it. I'm afraid that's your lot.
就算这是真的 但是这会是坏事吗
Even if that's true, would it be such a bad thing?
就像手♥机♥一样
like mobile phones,
就在你将烟吸入肺中的那一瞬间
As soon as you draw that smoke into your lungs,
巨噬细胞是一种
Macrophages are defence cells
开始尝试电子烟
with electronic cigarettes amongst young people,