印象派 绘画与革命（2011）

that Bazille had had a few years earlier -
汇集起一群志趣相投的艺术家
to assemble a group of like-minded artists,
组成一种社团
an association of some sort,
齐心协力 击败传统体制
to work together and beat the system.
毕沙罗在建立新组织前
Pissarro looked at various options
考虑了多种选择
before setting up his new organisation.
面包师工匠
最终 新兴画家团体的制度
In the end, the rules for the new group of painters
建立在了面包师工会的章程之上
were based on the Charter of the Bakers' Union
就在蓬图瓦兹
here in Pontoise.
注意 这不是普通的面包师工会
Mind you, this wasn't any old Bakers' Union,
而是世界上最古老的面包师工会
this was the oldest Bakers' Union in the world.
蓬图瓦兹的面包师
The Bakers of Pontoise were granted their charter
早在1162年由路易七世特许
by Louis VII as long ago as 1162.
所以他们制♥造♥麻烦的历史由来已久
So they had a particularly long history of making trouble.
记住 面包在法国是一件有力的武器
Remember, bread in France is powerful stuff.
面包罢♥工♥触发了法国大革命
The French Revolution was triggered by bread strikes,
1871年巴黎公社也是如此
so was the Paris Commune of 1871,
那是世界上第一次由工人当家做主
the world's first workers' takeover.
用面包师工会
So by using the Bakers' Union
作为艺术家新兴团体的模范
as the model for this new group of artists,
毕沙罗希望他们能继承
Pissarro was hoping that they'd inherit
某些面包师的革命之火
some of the revolutionary fire of these dangerous bakers.
1873年冬 计划成型
By the winter of 1873, the plans were complete.
15名艺术家成立了股份公♥司♥
15 artists would form a joint stock company,
平等合伙
a co-operative of equals.
他们计划完全
Their plan was to operate entirely
脱离沙龙制度运作
outside the salon system.
没有学会 没有奖励
No academies, no prizes,
只谈艺术
just the art itself.
德加 我们尚未提及
Degas, who we haven't talked about yet
但在之后几集中会详细介绍
but who we're talking about a lot later in the series,
想把组织命名为"旱金莲"
wanted to call the group "La Capucine", The Nasturtium,
名字出于莫奈在自家花♥园♥里
after that bright red flower
画的那几朵鲜艳的红花
that Monet planted in his gardens.
"我们可以在海报上画几朵旱金莲" 他说
"We could put nasturtiums on the posters," He said.
但是被否决了
But he was overruled.
反而 这帮人取了个
Instead, the new gang lumbered itself
又冗长又不时髦的名字
with the long and unsnappy name
即"无名艺术家 画家 雕塑家
of the Societe Anonyme Des Artistes Peintres,
和版画家协会"
Sculpteurs et Graveurs,
一点都不朗朗上口 是不是
which doesn't trip off the tongue, does it?
他们有了组织 有了名称
So they had the organisation, they had the name,
但去哪里举办展览呢
but where were they going to show?
莫奈认识摄影师纳达尔
Monet knew the photographer Nadar,
巴黎一流的摄影师
the most fashionable photographer in Paris,
他不久前刚搬出自己
who had recently moved out of his studio
位于迷人的嘉布遣大道的工作室
in the glamorous Boulevard des Capucines.
那里空置了 而且他将其免费
So it was empty, and he offered it
提供给了毕沙罗和他的朋友们
to Pissarro and his friends for free.
这里就是他们展览的地方
So this is where they had their show,
纳达尔别致的工作室
in Nadar's chic studio
位于嘉布遣大道35号♥
at 35 Boulevard des Capucines.
1874年4月15日开放
It opened on April 15th, 1874,
永远地改变了艺术
and changed art forever.
我们即将看到的地方 同样极富革命性
What you're about to see is revolutionary, too.
我花了三十年想进去一睹究竟
I've been trying to get in here for three decades.
它可能是有史以来最著名的艺术展览
It might be the most famous art exhibition of all time,
但现在 他们更喜欢关上大门
but these days, they prefer to keep the doors closed.
毕沙罗和莫奈聚集起所有的朋友
Pissarro and Monet rounded up all their friends
说服他们加入
and persuaded them to join.
三教九流的一群人
They were a higgledy-piggledy bunch.
有一样东西把每个人团结到一起
The one thing that united everyone here
那就是对沙龙制度的共同憎恶
was a shared hatred of the salon system.
尽管这里是摄影工作室
Although this was a photography studio, do you know,
但第一届印象派画展
not a single picture has survived
却没有一张照片存世
of the first Impressionist exhibition.
我们只知道纳达尔把墙漆成了
All we know is that Nadar had painted the walls
高雅的猩红色
a tasteful blood red...
这个幸存了下来
..Which has survived.
所有的作品 都由雷诺阿
And that Renoir, who did all the hanging,
进行排列与悬挂
arranged all the pictures.
来自30名艺术家的165幅作品
There were 165 of them, by 30 artists,
民♥主♥地排成两行
in two democratic rows,
小幅在下 大幅在上
small ones at the bottom, big ones on top.
雷诺阿展示了七幅作品
Renoir showed seven pictures
他在剧院的包厢中找到了一位美女
and found his Venus in a box at the theatre,
他的兄弟埃德蒙
with his brother, Edmond,
在后面 更添妙笔
at the back, getting an even better look.
毕沙罗展出了五幅作品
Pissarro had five pictures,
全部宁静优雅 却又革命性十足
all of them devoted in a quiet but revolutionary fashion
将真实之景与真实的阳光结合起来
to real places and real sunshine.
同时 德加画了芭蕾舞
Degas, meanwhile, painted the ballet.
这是一项创举
No one had ever done that before.
还有一位女艺术家 贝尔特·莫里索
There was a woman artist too - Berthe Morisot.
敏感吗 是的
Sensitive? Yes.
有革命性吗 非常
Revolutionary? Very.
这样的笔触如何
How about this for a brush stroke?
莫奈展示了四幅作品
Monet showed four paintings,
其中一幅就是在这里
one of which was actually painted from up here,
纳达尔的阳台上画的
from Nadar's balcony.
繁忙的嘉布遣大道闪耀动人
The shimmering view of the Boulevard des Capucines in action,
充满了摩登生活的节奏
teeming with modern life.
但展览上反响最大的作品
But it was the darkest Monet in the show
却是莫奈最暗的一幅画
that had the biggest impact.
绘于勒阿弗尔的海港
It was painted in Le Havre, in the harbour,
雾气蒙蒙 神秘莫测
in misty and mysterious conditions.
炽热的红日悬挂在黑暗的海面上
A glowing red sun hovering over a black sea,
投下神秘的橙色倒影
casting a mysterious orange reflection.
雷诺阿的兄弟埃德蒙在编写目录时
Renoir's brother, Edmond, who was editing the catalogue,
让莫奈想出一个吸引人的标题
pushed Monet to come up with a catchy title for it.
莫奈随便一提"印象·日出"
Monet casually suggested Impression Sunrise,
然后就没再想了
and thought no more of it.
但一名叫路易·勒鲁瓦的艺术批评家
But a waspish little art critic called Louis Leroy
对这个刻意模糊不清的标题很有兴趣
was much amused by this deliberately ambiguous title.
在他那篇尖酸刻薄的评论中
In a nasty review of the show,
勒鲁瓦嘲笑这帮青年画家
Leroy giggled that this new gang of painters
只不过是印象主义
were just impressionists.
他只是想挖苦一下 但这一侮辱却流传千古
He was trying to be sarcastic, but the insult stuck.
从那以后 莫奈 毕沙罗那群人
From now on, Monet, Pissarro and the gang
被永远铭记为"印象派画家"
would always be known as the Impressionists.
下一集 革命仍在继续
In the next film, the revolution continues,
我们将一同领略许多著名的室外画作
with some of the most famous outdoor art ever painted.
试图找出画作的由来
And with me half killing myself
差点要了我的命
trying to find out how it was done.
你以为你了解印象派画家吗
So you think you know the Impressionists?
100法郎赌你不了解
Well, here's 100 Francs that says you don't.