印象派 绘画与革命（2011）

印象派: 绘画与革命
最终的繁荣
这是本系列最后一集
This is the last film in the series.
我们将在本集中探讨一些
It's where we explore some complex technical issues
有关色轮和视觉的技术问题
about colour wheels and optics,
所以我在检测各种设备
so I'm just testing all the equipment,
确保它能正常工作
making sure it's working.
神奇的光轮
The magic wheel of light...
好了 运行完全正常
Yep, that's working perfectly.
莫奈的眼镜很棒
Monet's glasses are perfect.
什么都看不到
Can't see a thing.
好的 一切正常 我们准备好开始了
Good! That's all working. So we're ready to go
印象派故事的最后一集
with the final film in the story of Impressionism.
*Though it hardly looked like a novel at all*
*And the city treats me, it treats me to you*
*And a cup of coffee for you*
*I should learn its language and speak it to you*
*And 70 million should be in the know*
*And 70 million don't go out at all*
*And 70 million wouldn't walk this street*
*And 70 million would run to a hole*
*And 70 million would be wrong, wrong, wrong*
*And 70 million never see it at all*
*And 70 million haven't tasted snow*
主持人 瓦尔德玛·雅努史扎克
国家高等美术学院
这里是位于巴黎的国家高等美术学院
This is the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris,
法国最富盛名的艺术学校
France's most prestigious art school.
由路易十四于16♥4♥8年创建
It was established in 16♥4♥8 by Louis XIV,
因此这里是艺术史上历史最悠久的
so this is one of the most historic locations
地点之一
in the story of art.
在介绍印象派的节目中 我通常不会
Usually I wouldn't bring you anywhere near here
带大家到这样的地方
in a film about the Impressionists.
印象派富有现代气息
Impressionism was modern,
而这里却恰恰相反
and this place isn't.
即便如此 美术学院仍然
Perversely, though, the Ecole des Beaux-Arts
在印象主义的故事中扮演了重要的角色
played a huge role in the story of Impressionism,
因为这间显赫的艺术学院
because this grandest of art schools
就是乔治·修拉学习过的地方
is where Georges Seurat studied.
是的 修拉 色点之王
Ah, yes - Seurat, king of the dots!
印象派历史上最著名的几幅作品之中
He painted some of the best-known pictures
就有他的创作
in the chronicles of Impressionism.
但这个人本身却是个迷
But the man himself was a mystery.
他唯一一张流传至今的照片就是这张
The only photograph you'll ever see of him is this one.
而唯一能使人窥探他想法的就是他的作品
And the only real evidence of his thinking is his art,
其中饱含着奇怪的不自然感
with its strange stiffness,
和令人迷惑的色点
and those puzzling dots.
本集讲述的是印象派最后的时光
This is a film about the final days of Impressionism,
它的终结 和它的转化
how it ended and what it became,
因此 理所当然 修拉需要重点关注
so of course Seurat has to feature.
修拉应毕沙罗之邀 参加了印象派画展
Seurat was invited to show with the Impressionists by Pissarro.
他当时默默无闻
He was completely unknown then.
但当这幅著名的画作
But when this famous picture,
《大碗岛上的星期日下午》
A Sunday Afternoon On La Grand Jatte,
1886年展出于最后一次印象派画展时
popped up in the last Impressionist exhibition of 1886,
所有人都注意到了它
everybody noticed it.
印象主义显然是关注新鲜事物的
Impressionism was obviously on to something new here.
可这到底是什么
But what the hell was it?
如果你询问十个艺术批评家对修拉的看法
If you ask ten art critics about Seurat,
你会得到十种不同的观点
you'll get ten different opinions.
他是一位如此自我而难懂的画家
He was such a private and elusive painter,
将一切都封锁在自己的脑海中
kept it all locked away, stored in here.
直到修拉的到来
Until Seurat arrived,
印象派才最终能够抓住瞬间
Impressionism had been happy to capture the moment,
活在当下
and to live for the present.
想想你在前几集中看到的生活的乐趣
Remember all that joie de vivre you saw in the earlier films -
雷诺阿的泛舟派对
Renoir's boating parties,
莫奈的美好时光
Monet's beautiful days.
突然间这些都显得不够了
Suddenly none of it seemed enough any more.
修拉的作品刻画的是一些更深刻
Seurat's pictures are looking for something deeper,
更稳重
less fidgety,
更永久的东西
more permanent.
修拉自1878年进入国立高等美术学院学习
Seurat was a student here at the posh Ecole des Beaux-Arts from 1878.
他在这里待了两年
He was here for two years,
被传统包围着
surrounded by the past.
他的父母很富有 所以他从不需要工作
His parents were very well off, so he never had to work,
按理说 他理应成为
and by rights, he should have become
一位非常传统而且保守的画家
a very traditional and conservative painter,
就像这些作品的作者
the kind of artist who does this.
但是他没有 取而代之
But he didn't. Instead,
修拉成为了这样的画家 还有这样
Seurat became this sort of artist, and this.
这些作品无论何时都是不可思议的
These were, are, and always will be strange pictures.
其中的第一幅 《安涅尔浴场》
And the first of them, The Bathers At Asnieres,
在他刚刚23岁时就开始创作了
was begun when he was just 23 -
他第一幅杰作
his first masterpiece,
已然如此令人疑惑
and already so puzzling.
我认为画的是这里 看到那座桥了吗
I reckon it was painted about here. See that bridge there?
那是安涅尔的铁路桥
That's the railway bridge at Asnieres,
你可以看到这个距离刚好就是修拉画中
and you can just about make it out way in the distance
桥与沐浴者之间的距离
in Seurat's Bathers.
这是河边一个晴朗的日子 可能是周日
It's a sunny day by the river, probably a Sunday.
那是巴黎的工人们休息的日子
That was when working men in Paris generally had their day off,
而所有这些安涅尔的沐浴者都是工人
and all the bathers at Asnieres are working men.
能从他们的工装裤和扁平圆顶礼帽看出来
You can tell from their overalls and their battered bowler hats.
或许他们就在画中远处的
Perhaps they're workmen from the factories
位于克利希的工厂里面工作
you can see in the distance at Clichy.
克利希成为了一个繁忙的工业区
Clichy had become a busy factory district,
所以这些河边的小伙子们可能都是工人
so all the chaps by the river here could be workmen
一起用一种男人的方式消磨假日
taking time off together in a bloke-ish fashion, as blokes do.
沐浴传统上是一项针对女性的创作素材
Bathing was traditionally a feminine subject in art,
为淘气的大♥师♥们
an excuse for naughty old masters
描绘赤♥裸♥潮湿的妙龄美女提供了借口
to paint beautiful young women naked and wet.
因此 修拉 仅仅将目光放到男性上
So Seurat, by confining his picture to men,
已然极具革命性 且反叛意味十足
is already being revolutionary and confrontational.
在水中的一个男孩 背对着我们的这个
One of the boys in the water, the one with his back turned to us,
原型显然来自于卢浮宫中的一幅
is clearly based on a famous painting by Ingres
由安格尔创作的名画 《瓦平松的浴女》
that hangs in the Louvre - the Valpincon Bather,
一个神秘的东方女奴
a mysterious Oriental odalisque
她的裸背可以让男人变得狂野
whose naked back would drive men wild.
在修拉的母校 高等美术学院的
Actually hanging in the chapel at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts,
小教堂中悬挂了
where Seurat studied,
一套皮罗·德拉·弗朗西斯卡作品的摹本
was a set of copies of Piero della Francesca,
他是文艺复兴早期 风格最为稳重光明的大♥师♥
the calmest and most luminous of Renaissance Old Masters.
这幅画悬挂在这里 是为了激发学生的灵感
They were hung there to inspire the students,
这一做法显然有效 因为修拉画中这个
and they obviously did, because Seurat took the pose
坐在河边的人的姿势 直接取材自皮罗的画
of the man sitting on the riverbank directly from Piero.
如果你看了这个系列的其他几集
If you've been watching the rest of this series,
你会发现一个又一个画家
you'll have seen painter after painter
都曾特意模仿过先前的大♥师♥们
deliberately taking on the Old Masters.
雷诺阿和德加均是如此 修拉也不例外
Renoir did it, Degas, and now Seurat.
他们的出发点都是想证明
All of them set out to prove
现代世界可以像古代世界那样不朽
that the modern world can be just as monumental,
那样壮观 那样美丽
just as heroic and beautiful, as the ancient world.
最终 也许是印象派画家试图传达的
In the end, it's probably the most important
革命性的信息中最重要的一条
of all Impressionism's revolutionary messages -
现在与过去同样宝贵
the present is just as precious as the past.
修拉是如此地严守秘密
Seurat was so secretive
直到他去世前 他才告诉自己的父母
that he only told his parents he had a mistress and a son
他有一个情妇和一个儿子
the day before he died.
直到那之前 没有人知道
Till then, no-one had known
丰满的马德琳·克诺布洛赫是修拉的情人
that the bosomy Madeleine Knobloch was Seurat's lover
和他孩子的母亲
and the mother of his child.
要解读如此神秘的一个人
With a man as secretive as this,
要进行深入的挖掘才可以
you need to dig deep to break the code.
所以修拉没有在学校待很长时间 对吧
So Seurat wasn't a student at the Ecole for very long, was he?
是的 他只在这里学习了两年
No. He had been a student for two years only.
他入学的成绩就不好
He was admitted with bad marks,
之后就越来越糟