印象派 绘画与革命（2011）

This is the biggest Monet exhibition of recent years.
在巴黎大皇宫美术馆展出
It's at the Grand Palais in Paris,
这次盛大的展览 将莫奈的成就尽收眼底
a magnificent display of everything that Monet achieved.
这是勒阿弗尔附近的海滩 他长大的地方
There's the beaches near Le Havre where he grow up.
这些是森林
And here are the forests
他偷偷跑去和毕沙罗作画时的作品
he sneaked off to paint with Pissarro.
然后 在莫奈生命临近尾声之际
And then, at the other end of his life,
看看这些独出心裁 别具一格的睡莲
look at these outrageously brave and inventive water lilies.
多富有冒险精神的作品啊
I mean, how adventurous is that.
这些作品 在稍后的节目中将详细解读
All that happens later, of course.
现在带大家到这里来
But I've brought you here now
是想告诉各位
because I wanted to give you
一条关于欣赏印象派画作的重要建议
an important tip for looking at Impressionist art.
每当你觉得印象派画作
If ever an Impressionist picture
看起来千篇一律 乏善可陈
begins to look predictable or boring,
好像似曾相识一般时
like you've seen it before,
差不多的海景 差不多的河岸
another seascape, another riverside view,
那么你需要慢慢走近这些画作
what you need to do is get closer.
一步一步地慢慢靠近
Shuffle right up to it, as close as you can.
如果在博物馆的话 就走到最近的地方
If you are in a museum, get as close as they'll let you.
然后仔细观察作品的细节
And really look at what's happening in an Impressionist picture.
注意印象派画作的笔触是多么大胆
Notice the brushstrokes, look how brave they are,
多么狂野 多么不羁
how cocky and adventurous.
一种新的艺术语言就此诞生
A new language is being invented
来表现焕然一新的艺术感觉
to convey new sensations.
越是靠近印象派画作
The closer you get to an Impressionist picture,
越容易体会到革命的精神
the easier it is to feel the spirit of the revolution.
为了抗击沙龙体制
To beat the Salon system,
巴黎出现了大量的私人艺术学校
various private art schools had opened up in Paris.
在这条秘密小巷的尽头 就有一家
This one here, down this secret alley
由画家查尔斯·格莱尔执教
was run by an old boy called Charles Gleyre.
格莱尔曾是一名沙龙画家
Gleyre had been a Salon painter in the past,
擅长表现悲情神话题材
specialising in doomy mythologies.
但他的思想自♥由♥解放
But he was of a liberal bent,
所以他的学生 风格也比较激进
so the students he had were more progressive than most.
当时雷诺阿已经在他的画室中学习
Renoir was here already,
并且是公认的懒鬼
and known to be something of a slacker.
"年轻人" 一天格莱尔告诉他
"Young man," Said Gleyre to him one day,
"你才华横溢 天赋异禀
"You're very talented, very gifted,"
但你似乎只把画画当作消遣而已"
"But it looks as if you took up painting to amuse yourself."
格莱尔慧眼识才 堪比伯乐
So Gleyre was an insightful old bird.
雷诺阿是寻欢作乐的能手
Renoir had a nose for pleasure.
他来到了塞纳河畔
And it led him to the Seine,
和他新结识的好友一起探寻新的天地
which he liked to explore with his new painting buddy,
这位朋友就是莫奈
Monet.
整个夏天 莫奈和雷诺阿
Monet and Renoir would spend their summers
在塞纳河畔寻寻觅觅
sniffing out modern places by the river,
希望找到时髦人士玩乐的的地方
where modern people were having fun in modern ways.
不久便找到了一处低俗热闹的好去处
That's how they found a notorious riverside hot spot
青蛙潭
called La Grenouillere
又名"青蛙池塘"
which means "The frog pond".
青蛙潭
青蛙潭相当于河上的移♥动♥酒吧
La Grenouillere was a gang get, a floating bar on the river
人们在周日前来
where people came on Sundays
下河游游泳 上岸调调情
for a bit of swimming and a lot of a flirting.
青蛙潭名声远扬
So infamous La Grenouillere
连国王和王后 都于1869年来到这里
that even the Emperor and his wife turned up here in 1869
亲自探究传闻的真实性
to see for themselves if all the stories were true.
在同年夏天
In that same summer, 1869,
莫奈和雷诺阿也来到了这里
Monet and Renoir turned up as well
改变了艺术史的进程
to change the story of art.
这两位绘画好友 莫奈在右
The two painting buddies, that's Monet on the right,
雷诺阿在左 试图捕捉
Renoir or on the left, set out to capture
人 光和水之间的相互作用
the interaction of people and light and water.
想达到这一目的 莫奈和雷诺阿
To do that, Monet and Renoir
就要用到这个美丽的小家伙
needed this little beauty here.
虽然看起来不大起眼
It doesn't look like much,
但这块闪闪发亮的金属
but this shiny piece of metal
使得印象派成为可能
made Impressionism possible.
它名为金属箍
It's called a ferrule.
是一个很小的锡制护套 在十九世纪中期
It is a tiny tin sheath that appeared on the ends of paintbrushes
被用于画笔底端
halfway through the 19th century.
在这些金属箍问世之前
Before these metal ferrules were invented,
所有的画笔基本上都是圆的
all brushes were basically round.
笔头的毛是用细线
The clusters of hairs would be tied to the shaft
绑在笔杆上的
with string or binding.
使用这种平头刷
Being able to use a flat brush like that
而不是原来那种圆头刷
instead of a round brush like that,
具有革命性的意义
revolutionised art.
此举彻底地改变了绘画发展史
It completely changed the story of painting.
平头刷的笔触更具表现力
The brush strokes you can make with a flat brush are much more expressive.
更适宜描绘 水中的波浪
They're better for capturing the choppiness of the water,
涟漪 以及水面上光的闪烁
the ripples, the flicker of the light on the surface.
还能快速地覆盖更多的画布
And you can cover much more of the canvas quickly.
如果你急于捕捉
If you're in a hurry to record
那种稍纵即逝的光影效果
an elusive effect before it disappears,
印象派画家们就是这样
as the Impressionists often were,
那么 你需要的就是这个
what you need is one of these.
他们在这里完成的画作
The paintings they made here
是对印象派最初的尝试
are the first raw attempts at Impressionism.
迅速 不安 敏感
Quick, fidgety, responsive.
画中捕捉的 不仅是青蛙潭的景致
It's not just the look of La Grenouillere that's being captured here,
还有那里的精神
but also its spirit.
一切都变了 塞纳河改换了河道
It's all changed now, the Seine was re-routed
之前的河流 现在变成了陆地
and what was previously river, is now dry land.
不过还是可以看到
You can still see this little island
雷诺阿和莫奈画中的这个小岛
that Renoir and Monet painted.
小岛名为"卡门贝尔"
It was called the Camembert
法国著名软干酪
因为它又小又圆
because it was round and small.
这些现在都没有了
It's all gone now,
感谢上帝 莫奈和雷诺阿
thank God Monet and Renoir
带着他们的新型笔刷来到这里
and their new types of brush came here
并且在它消失之前 将其记录下来
and painted it before it disappeared.
想要画河畔的小屋
Before you can paint a riverside pleasure den,
首先要到那里去
you need to get to it.
这在以前可不容易
That hadn't previously been easy.
尤其是那些还依靠着
Particularly for those old-fashioned painters
老式绘画设备的老派画家
who still relied on old-fashioned painting equipment.
这就是当时典型的画架
This is a typical studio easel of the time
在印象派画家之前的大多数人都用这个
what most painters were using before the Impressionists.
可以看出
As you can see,
这种画架需要两个大块头才能搬动
it takes two big blokes to manoeuvre it in.
用这个进行户外写生 实在不太现实
Painting outdoors with this would have been impossible.
这时你需要的
What you need instead
就是这个
is one of these.
新品种 便携式 可折叠 好上手
The new, portable, fold away, easy to use
附有内置画具的旅行画架
travelling easel with built-in painting kit.
有了这个 去青蛙潭就是轻而易举
With one of these, getting to La Grenouillere was a doddle.
只需跳上一匹这种
You just hopped on board one of these
新近在法国出现的铁马
new-fangled iron horses that had recently appeared in France
就能快速到达目的地
and you steamed there at speed.
这个新型便携式画架设计的精妙之处
The various design subtleties in these new, portable easels
使它成为外出绘画的最佳助手
made them the perfect tool for outdoor painting.
很实用 简单易懂
So practical, so easy to use.
这些带着金属箍的平头刷
The flat brushes, the ones with those new ferrules,
都放在这里
they all went in there.
颜料管取代了猪膀胱 都装在这里
Tubes of paint had replaced the big pigs bladders, they all go there.
最上面是简易可折叠的调色板
There's a handy, fold away palette on top.
只需几步简单的操作 就可以开始
Just a few clicks of the box and you're a fully prepared,
在户外进行印象派画的创作了
outdoor Impressionist,
可以描绘火车到达之处的一切美景