印象派 绘画与革命（2011）

印象派: 绘画与革命
四好友集团
在本纪录片中 我们将仔细审视
In this series, we're going to be looking at
一些有史以来伟大的画作
some of the greatest art ever painted
和最伟大的画家们
and the greatest painters.
莫奈 雷诺阿 梵高
Monet, Renoir, Van Gogh,
塞尚 高更
Cezanne, Gauguin.
印象派的故事 就是他们的故事
The story of Impressionism is their story.
这个故事的主题 是反抗与勇气
It's a story of rebellion and courage.
莫奈创作了艺术史上最大胆的画作
Monet painted some of art's bravest pictures.
雷诺阿 创作出最生动的作品
Renoir, some of the liveliest.
德加释放了芭蕾
Degas unleashed the ballet.
修拉释放了色点
Seurat unleashed the dot.
而梵高 则释放了颜色
Van Gogh, well, he unleashed colour.
我认为 这是艺术史上最激动人心的一次暴♥动♥
I think it's the most exciting mutiny in art.
从此 一切皆焕然一新
The days when everything changed.
*And it hardly looked like a novel at all*
*And the city treats me, it treats me to you*
*And a cup of coffee for you*
* I should learn its language and speak it to you*
*And 70 million should be in the know*
*And 70 million don't go out at all*
*And 70 million wouldn't walk this street*
*And 70 million would run to a hole*
*And 70 million would be wrong, wrong, wrong*
*And 70 million never see at all*
*And 70 million haven't tasted snow.*
萨沃伊饭店
-早上好 汤姆 -早上好 先生
- Morning, Tom. - Good morning, sir.
主持人 瓦尔德玛·雅努史扎克
-早上好 迪克 -早上好 先生
- Good morning, Dick. - Good morning, sir.
-早上好 哈利 -早上好 先生
- Good morning, Harry. - Good morning, sir.
克劳德·莫奈
这就是当年 莫奈
This is the room that Monet,
最著名的印象派画家
the most famous of the Impressionists,
在伦敦时 居住过的房♥间
actually used to stay in when he came to London.
他曾经透过这扇窗户
He used to paint the Thames
描绘过泰晤士河
from this very window.
在那个年代
In those days, of course,
莫奈还不像现在这样出名
Monet wasn't as famous as he is today.
现在 莫奈和其他印象派画家简直无处不在
These days, Monet and the Impressionists are everywhere.
极其流行 极其熟悉
Terribly popular, terribly familiar,
极其商业化
terribly commercialised.
莫奈
德加 梵高
我去买♥♥了些与印象派相关的东西
I have been Impressionist shopping
看看都有什么
and look what I've got.
印象派雨伞 印象派钢笔
Impressionist umbrellas, Impressionist pen,
印象派包 印象派拼图
Impressionist bag, Impressionist jigsaw,
这件漂亮的印象派衬衣
this fine Impressionist shirt
还有 最重要的 印象派巧克力
and, above all, Impressionist chocolate.
一盒又一盒的巧克力
Boxes and boxes of chocolates.
如果你想寻找适合印在巧克力盒上的画作
When you're looking for art to put on a chocolate box,
印象派作品一定是你的首选 对吧
you turn to the Impressionists, don't you?
因为这些作品看上去是那么甜美愉快
Because these days their art seems so sweet and pleasant.
如果印象主义运动 从不是我们想象中那种
But what if the Impressionism never was this charming,
充斥着甜美与迷人的艺术幻想 会怎样
sugary art movement we like to imagine?
如果印象主义实际上
What if the real story of Impressionism
是一场革命 一场颠覆
was the story of a revolution, an overthrow,
其本质危险又难以驾驭 会怎样
artistically dangerous and hardcore?
如果印象派画家的作品
What if the art of the Impressionists
并不适合印在巧克力包装上
belongs not on a box of chocolates...
而是适合包裹炸♥药♥ 又会怎样
But on a case of dynamite?
印象派画家们从未制定什么计划
The Impressionists never really had a plan.
这场运动并非那样开始的
That wasn't how it happened.
历史将他们聚到一起 改变了整个艺术界
History threw them together to change art.
某些人的贡献更为突出
Some contributed more than others
我们追踪的 就是这些人的脚步
and they're the ones we need to follow.
一定要给他们的故事定个起点的话
If their story began anywhere,
那就是这里
it was here,
圣托马斯 隶属维尔京群岛
St Thomas, in the Virgin Islands,
画家卡米耶·毕沙罗
where the painter Camille Pissarro
于1830年7月10日 出生在这里
was born on July 10th, 1830.
毕沙罗并非最受人喜爱的印象派画家
Pissarro isn't the best loved of the Impressionists.
他也不是最著名或最流行的
He's not the best known or the most popular.
莫奈名气更胜于他 雷诺阿也是
Monet is more famous than him, and so is Renoir,
但如果没有他 他们不会
but none of them could've got together
走到一起 完成他们的创举
and did what they did without him.
正是毕沙罗
Pissarro was the glue
将印象派凝聚在一起
that held Impressionism together.
印象派画家举办过八场画展 仅此而已
The Impressionists had eight exhibitions, and that's it.
八场画展 改变了整个艺术界
Eight shows that changed art.
唯一出席全部画展的 就是毕沙罗
And the only artist who appeared in all of them was Pissarro.
卡米耶·毕沙罗
毕沙罗家开了一家五金店
The Pissarro family ran a hardware store in the High Street,
向来往这里的船只
supplying useful stuff for the boats
出♥售♥工具
coming in and out of here.
水晶街 犹太教堂山
然而 从艺术史角度来说
As far as art is concerned, however,
他的家族最有趣的方面在于
the most interesting thing about them
他们是犹太人
is that they were Jewish.
如果我让你说出一位
If I were to ask you to name me
在毕沙罗之前的伟大犹太艺术家
a great Jewish artist before Pissarro,
你会觉得困难 因为没有这样的艺术家
you couldn't, because there weren't any.
在他之后 则有很多犹太艺术家
Plenty after him, of course.
罗斯科 莫迪利亚尼 苏丁
Rothko, Modigliani, Soutine,
但之前没有过
but none before.
因为犹太教禁止进行艺术创作
Because the Jewish religion forbids the making of art.
"不可为自己雕刻偶像
"You shall not make for yourself any likeness
也不可作什么形像仿佛天上
of what is in the heavens above
和地上的百物"
or on the earth below,"
《十诫》第二条如是规定
says the second commandment firmly.
正因如此 犹太教堂内
That's why there are no paintings
没有任何绘画或雕塑
or sculptures in synagogues.
毕沙罗家族十分正统
Pissarro's family were orthodox enough to follow
遵守了大部分教规
most of the observances of their religion,
但他们又有挑战与违反教规的企图
but they also had reason to challenge it and turn against it.
毕沙罗的父亲 弗雷德里克·毕沙罗
Pissarro's father, Frederick Pissarro,
在他叔叔过世后 前往圣托马斯
had been sent to St Thomas to take over
去接手他的生意
his uncle's business when the uncle died.
令人惊恐的是 他很快就开始和叔叔的遗孀
To everyone's horror, he quickly started a relationship
瑞吉儿·毕沙罗进行交往
with his uncle's widow, Rachel Pissarro.
虽然她已经有了四个孩子
And even though she already had four children,
他们还是走到一起 又生了四个孩子
they got together and had four more,
其中就包括卡米耶·毕沙罗
including Camille Pissarro.
犹太教会反对这桩婚事 这是当然
The synagogue disapproved - how could it not?
侄子不应该成为他婶婶孩子的父亲
Nephews shouldn't father their auntie's children.
这桩婚姻从来没有被接受
The marriage was never accepted,
毕沙罗家族 和他们多年的信仰之间
and a crack appeared in the ancient relationship
出现了裂痕
between the Pissarros and their faith.
无论是否违反教规
Whether he was supposed to or not,
毕沙罗一直在画画
Pissarro drew all the time.
从不停歇
He was always at it.
在码头 观察渔民
Down on the docks, watching the fishermen.
在田野中 和劳动妇女一起
Out in the fields with the working women.
这些印象派画作的雏形 风格谦逊
It seems so modest, this Impressionism-to-be,
敏感而恬静
so sensitive, so quiet.
但不要让这表面的恬静欺骗了你
But don't let this quietude fool you.
他在画中犯下了大罪
Powerful sins are being committed here.
一个犹太男孩 打破了古老的禁忌
A Jewish boy is breaking an ancient taboo.
他也不是普通的犹太男孩
Not just any Jewish boy, either,
他是一个被困在远离巴黎4500英里的
but a Jewish boy stuck 4,500 miles away from Paris,
维尔京群岛的犹太男孩
in the Virgin Islands,
这一切 与艺术大家的身份格格不入
just about as far away from the story of art as you can get.
如果毕沙罗生活在其他的年代
If Pissarro had been alive in any other era,
他根本没有机会成为画家
there would've been no chance of him becoming a painter.
不仅存在宗教上的禁忌
Not only was it a religious no-no,
实际操作上 也是困难重重
but the practical difficulties were immense.
这附近 哪里能找到作为画家
Where around here would he have got materials he needed
所必需的原材料呢
to become an artist?