印象派 绘画与革命（2011）

which he'd load up with canvases and footmen
然后便惬意地上路了
and off he'd trot.
就在几百码外的
Just a few hundred yards down here,
欧洲桥这里
to the Pont de l'Europe
他在这里创作出多幅作品
where he painted some of Impressionism's
其视角的新颖程度在印象派中首屈一指
most inventive views of the new city.
这是巴黎通往欧洲的新大门
This was Paris's new gateway to Europe,
一条四通八达的铁路交叉口
a railway crossroads that leads everywhere.
卡勒波特描绘出新兴资产阶级
Caillebotte shows the new bourgeoisie
漫步新桥之上
strolling across the new bridge,
接受各种新鲜事物的场景
taking in the new possibilities.
这里 一个戴高帽的时髦小伙
Over here, a posh chap in a top hat
看到了一个走过的妇女
notices a passing woman.
她其实是个妓♥女♥ 而他是个潜在客户
She's actually a prostitute and he's a prospective client.
在这里 一个有思想的工人正在憧憬
Over here, a thoughtful workman dreams of
异地的别样人生
another life somewhere else.
在欧洲桥上 一切皆有可能
Everything was possible on the Pont de l'Europe,
不过只有梦中可见
but only in your dreams.
卡勒波特在这里最伟大的作品
Caillebotte's greatest painting of the area was done just up here
完成于都柏林广场
in the Place de Dublin, Dublin Square.
即《巴黎街头阴雨天》
It's called Rainy Day At The Pont De L'Europe.
新兴富人漫步于
The new rich stroll around the new Paris
雨中的新巴黎
in a new spot of rain.
看这城市是多么的活泼 整洁
And how crisp and clean their city now looks.
开放 清新 而又令人兴奋
How open and airy and thrilling.
画中的视角被刻意夸大处理
The perspective in that picture is deliberately exaggerated
以使其更富戏剧性
to make it more dramatic.
卡勒波特想让巴黎比看起来
Caillebotte is trying to make Paris look taller,
更加高大雄伟
bigger than it really is,
所以他用广角效果仰视它
so he looks up at it in a wide-angled way.
相机也可以达到相同的效果
The camera can do something similar.
看 如果你蹲下一点看我
Oh, and if you go down lower, look up at me...
效果就是这样
...and there you have it.
这被称为卡勒波特效果
The Caillebotte effect.
卡勒波特很钟爱特殊的
Caillebotte loved unusual viewpoints
深邃的 夸张的视角
and deep, dramatic perspectives.
他的画愚弄你的眼睛 让人看得更深远
His pictures tease your eyes and stretch them.
看他选择了多么奇特的绘画角度
What difficult positions he found to perch in.
我脑子里浮现出
I have this image wedged in my brain
卡勒波特坐在花哨的马车里
of Caillebotte being transported luxuriously
被大费周章的从一地
from location to location
载往另一地的场景
in his pimped-up painting carriage.
往这里一百码 那里一百码
100 yards here, 100 yards there.
但他最激进的几幅画作
But some of his most radical art
却不需任何奔波
was painted without going anywhere.
就在这栋房♥子里完成
Back here in the house itself.
其中就包括印象派最伟大的画作之一
One of Impressionism's most striking pictures was made in here.
它展出于1876年的第二届印象派画展
It was shown at the second Impressionist exhibition of 1876.
当时的人们根本不能理解它
And people weren't at all sure what to make of it.
现在的人们也是一样
They're still not sure today.
这幅画叫作《刨木工》
It's called The Floor Scrapers
描绘了三个小伙子赤♥裸♥着上身
and it shows three chaps with their tops off
不停地刨平木地板
scraping away at a wooden floor.
画中视角反转 动作坚实夸张
It's a tense, puzzling picture with its plunging perspective
令人感到紧张且迷惑
and these wiry, dramatic poses.
卡勒波特的父亲于1874年逝世
Caillebotte's father died in 1874
留给他儿子一笔丰厚的遗产
leaving his son a huge fortune,
所以卡勒波特二世 即现在说的卡勒波特
so Caillebotte junior, our Caillebotte,
开始重装这所房♥子
set about altering the house
而这幅《刨木工》
and The Floor Scrapers
大概就是在描绘新工作室的翻新过程
probably shows the refurbishment of his new studio,
即最顶层带阳台的那一间
the one on the top floor with the balcony.
这幅画到底在讲什么呢
What's actually going on?
其中一个正用小刮刀
Well, one of the men is scraping off the old varnish
刮去旧漆
with a cabinet scraper.
就是这种简单的小工具
One of these. A simple tool.
这一面很尖利 你可以用它刮开地板
This edge here is sharp and you scrape it across the floor,
把它磨光滑
smoothing it down.
另一个人用的是这个 刨子
The other guy has one of these, a plane.
他在刨平地板之间的接头
He's planing down the joints between the floorboards,
让地板呈条纹状
leaving a stripy floor.
这是艺术史上第一幅
Now this is just about the first portrayal in art
以城市工人为主角的画作
of the urban workman.
之前的画家画过田野里的农民
Artists had shown peasants in the fields before,
但从未画过城市里的工人
but not city workers.
这是全新的尝试
This was new.
然而 关于这幅画有些问题
However, a couple of things
一直困扰着我
about this picture have always puzzled me.
比如说 为什么要把地板弄成一条一条的呢
For instance, why do they need to make the floor so stripy?
为什么不直接把地板弄成
Why don't they just clean the floor...
弄成大块大块的呢
..in big patches?
我在YouTube上的一段
I found the answer on YouTube,
摇摇晃晃的视频中找到了答案
preserved in full shaky YouTube vision.
加利福尼亚的一个小伙子正在刨一块硬木地板
Here's a chap in California preparing a hardwood floor.
我给那公♥司♥发了邮件 问他们
I emailed the company, and asked them,
为什么要把地板弄成条状的
why do you do the floor in stripes?
他们回信说
They wrote back
那是为了保证整个地板是平的
that it was to make sure the whole floor was even.
如果弄成块状的
If you did it in patches,
可能会这边刨多了一点
you might plane down more of the wood over here,
那边刨少了一点
and less of it over here.
所以整个地板
So the whole floor...
就会不平整
would undulate.
我的另一个问题更加迫切
My other question was even more pressing.
为什么地板一定要刨呢
Why is the floor being scraped at all?
原来的漆不是好好的吗
The old varnish looks fine, doesn't it?
漆基本是新的
It's almost new.
地板看起来也很好
The floor's in good condition.
所以为什么地板漆要被弄掉呢
So why is the varnish being removed?
我想不出答案
I just couldn't work it out.
直到我去问我的妻子 她是位画家
Till I asked my wife, who's an artist,
她说 如果这是他的新工作室
and she said, if it's his new studio,
他一定想要地板尽可能地明亮
he'd want the floor to be as light as possible.
工作室的地板绝不能是暗的
Studio floors are never dark.
艺术家们总希望在工作室里
Artists always want as much light in there
收集尽可能多的光
as they can get.
这幅画不仅描述了赤膊上阵的
This isn't just a painting of the new heroes of modern life,
现代社会主角 城市工人
the urban workman throwing off his top and flashing his torso.
《刨木工》还有深层的含义
The Floor Scrapers has a hidden meaning, too.
卡勒波特试图解释一些关于艺术本身的事情
Caillebotte is trying to say something about art itself.
关于印象派的新兴艺术
The new art of the Impressionists.
以前的作品太做作
The old art was artificial,
色彩暗淡 颜料上得过于厚重
dark and covered in thick varnish.
但新的作品 印象派作品
But the new art - Impressionist art -
是自然的 真实的
is natural, truthful
并充满光感
and filled with light.
卡勒波特的室内杰作
Caillebotte's indoor masterpiece
不只是对城市工人的赞歌♥
isn't just a tribute to the urban worker.
更是对变革的召唤
It's a call to arms.
印象派画展的目录
The catalogues for the Impressionist exhibitions.
看起来很朴素 是不是
Humble-looking things, aren't they?
不要被它们简单的外表迷惑
But don't be fooled by their modesty.
这里记录着一场行为上的革命
These are records of a revolution in behaviour
和艺术上的反抗
as well as an artistic revolt.
看这里 贝尔特·莫里索小姐
And see here. Mademoiselle Berthe Morisot, a woman.
女画家的出现 本身就是
That in itself was rebellious and different,
打破传统之举
to have a woman in the ranks.
莫里索的画总是能一眼就看出来
You can always tell a Morisot painting,
因为它一定是
because it'll definitely be
全场最豪放 最大胆的画作
the wildest and bravest thing in the room.
看她疯狂的笔法