印象派 绘画与革命（2011）

印象派: 绘画与革命
人物的描绘
*Though it hardly looked like a novel at all*
*And the city treats me, it treats me to you*
*And a cup of coffee for you*
*I should learn its language and speak it to you*
*And 70 million should be in the know*
*70 million don't go out at all*
*And 70 million wouldn't walk this street*
*And 70 million would run to a hole*
*And 70 million would be wrong, wrong, wrong*
*And 70 million never see it at all*
*And 70 million haven't tasted snow. *
因为这部纪录片的主题是印象派
Because this is a series about Impressionism,
你可能认为我大部分时间都会待在户外
you probably expect me to spend most of my time outdoors,
音乐
欣赏河流 花♥园♥ 及泛舟聚会
enjoying rivers and gardens and boating parties.
因为在多数人看来 这就是印象派的主题
Because that's what most people think Impressionism was about.
主持人 瓦尔德玛·雅努史扎克
有些作品确实如此
Some of it was, of course.
在上一集我们也欣赏了很多晴朗时光
And we certainly saw a lot of sunny days in the last film.
那集的主题就是印象派的户外画作
The one about the Impressionists outdoors.
还记得塞纳河畔的雷诺阿吗
Remember Renoir by The Seine?
还有在艾特大的莫奈
And Monet at Etretat?
自然 以一种全新的方式
Nature, observed and recorded.
被观察和记录了下来
The new way.
但若是你认为印象派作品只关注于
But to think that Impressionism was mainly concerned
描绘河流和花♥园♥ 那就错了
with painting rivers and gardens is a mistake.
因为事实并非如此
Because it wasn't.
对印象派画家来说 在室内观察人物
For the Impressionists, staying indoors and watching the people
与到户外观察自然风光
was just as important as going outdoors
同等重要
and watching the landscape.
印象派作品中 经常出现资产阶级的身影
You'll spot many a migrating bourgeois in Impressionist art.
或成双成对 或形单影只
In couples and in singles.
有时 画作的风格甚至很冷酷
And it can get bleak.
莫奈在家族聚餐上
Monet sits in on a family lunch
看看这阴暗的场景
and notices how gloomy it's got.
是的 这确实是莫奈 而非易卜生
Yes, this really is Monet and not Ibsen.
事实上 印象派作品中充满了人
The fact is, Impressionism is packed with people.
他们无处不在
They're everywhere.
我认为任何艺术时期的任何社会
I don't think any society anywhere in art has been watched,
都没有像印象派画家时代的
categorised and judged
法国居民区那样
as intensely as the inhabitants of France
被如此彻底地观察 分类 和评价
in Impressionist times.
在巴黎的每个咖啡厅 每场宴会之后
Behind every banquette, in every Parisian cafe,
都潜伏着印象派画家的眼睛 寻找目标
there lurked an Impressionist twitcher, spotting the clients.
连在卧室里 都无法逃脱他们的观察
You couldn't hide from them in the bedroom either,
因为他们就藏在床下 观察你穿衣服
because they were under the bed, watching you get dressed.
印象派画家以史无前例的敏锐
The Impressionists witnessed the theatre of life
捕捉到了眼前生活的精彩之处
unfolding before them with unprecedented keenness.
同史上所有伟大的肖像画家那样
And, like all the great portraitists in history,
他们不仅仅对人物表面的样子感兴趣
they weren't just interested in how people looked.
他们还着迷于人物丰富的内心世界
They were fascinated by their inner lives as well.
这是德加的首幅巨作
This is Degas' first masterpiece.
他早在20出头时就开始创作这幅画了
He started painting it in his early 20s
然后按照惯例 他涂涂改改了好几年
and then faffed about with it for years, as was his wont.
他们全部是德加的家人
They're all members of the Degas family.
这个女人是他的姑姑劳拉
The woman is his Aunt Laura, his father's sister.
她嫁给了右边的这个男人
She's married to the man on the right,
乔纳罗·贝莱利男爵
Baron Gennaro Bellelli,
一个来自佛罗伦萨的意大利有钱人
a posh Italian from Florence.
这是他们的两个孩子
And these are their two children.
坐着的这个是佛罗伦萨
Julia, sitting down,
左边的这个是乔凡娜
and Giovanna, on the left.
德加是典型的资产阶级
Degas was very bourgeois.
他来自于一个银行家家族
He came from a family of bankers.
这里 画的后面
And here, at the back of the painting,
是一幅画中画
is a picture within a picture
是他的祖父雷内-希雷亚·德加的肖像
of his grandfather, Rene-Hilaire Degas.
他是这个金融世家里最富有的人
He was the richest of the banking clan,
严厉而暴躁
stern and grumpy.
这位祖父住在那不勒斯
The grandfather lived in Naples.
这边是德加为他画的另一幅肖像
There's another picture of him here by Degas.
还有其余的家庭成员
And all these other members of the family.
这是德加的姐姐 玛格丽特·德加
This is Degas' sister, Marguerite Degas.
注意她拼写自己姓的方式
Now, look at the way she spells her name.
玛格丽特·德·加
Marguerite De Gas.
他们这样做 是为了听上去更高贵
They did that to sound posh.
法语姓名之间的"德"字象征贵族身份
他们真名是德加 正如画家此处的签名
Their real name was Degas, as the painter signs himself here.
这个家族没有资格称呼自己为德·加
The family had no right to call themselves De Gas,
但是他们试图使自己听上去血统更高贵
but they were trying to sound better bred than they were,
这是典型的资产阶级行为
which was very bourgeois of them.
这里是德加本人
And this here is Degas himself.
傲慢 阴沉
Arrogant, surly,
厌恶女性 孤身一人
misogynist and bachelor,
同时还是一位十分聪明的画家
and a very clever painter
这些都用近乎残忍♥的线条表现了出来
with a cruel streak to him.
德加是个很难相处的人
Degas was a very difficult man.
但同时又是一名天才
But he was also a genius
并且极度反叛 热爱冒险
and quite shockingly ungovernable and adventurous.
这是他早期的作品 看上去中规中矩
This is all his early work and it looks very traditional.
但即便是在这里
But even here...
他也可以如此令人吃惊
He could be so outrageous.
贝莱利一家的画像
The portrait of the Bellellis,
表面看来十分高雅宁静
which seems so elegant and sedate,
却在德加的家族里引起了骚动
caused a big rumpus in the Degas family.
这里的劳拉 德加嫁到意大利的姑姑
Laura here, Degas' Italian aunt,
德加可能的仰慕对象
whom he probably had a thing for,
厌恶着自己的丈夫 乔纳罗男爵
detested her husband, Baron Gennaro.
他们都十分不快
They were deeply unhappy.
这幅画里的她实际上还怀着
She's actually pregnant in this picture
他们的第三个孩子
with their third child.
但看看她 多么不高兴
But look how unjoyous she seems
站的地方 与他的距离有多远
and how far away from him she stands.
这是一幅深刻地
This is a painting that goes deeply,
甚至冷酷地直刺
cruelly almost, into the realms
人物内心和女性苦恼的作品
of personal psychology and feminine unhappiness.
德加 我将尽我所能地在本集中
Degas, whom we're going to concentrate on in this film
集中介绍的画家
for as long as I can get away with,
是如此的富有才华
because he was such a genius,
他骨子中就存在着反叛的基因
had the rebel gene in him from the start.
他是如此的不受约束 着实令人惊讶
He was so ungovernable, it's really surprising.
他属于优越的资产阶级 银行家的儿子
Here's this haute bourgeois, a banker's son,
接受的都是正统的艺术教育
whose art education was completely traditional.
高级的学校 高等美术学院
Posh school, Ecole des Beaux-Arts,
所有这些都应该把他塑造成
everything in his past should have made him
这样的画家
this kind of painter.
但事实却不是这样
But it didn't.
他竟成为了这样...
It made him...this.
以及这样
And this.
还有这样
And this.
德加没有按照正统的路线走下去
Something went very wrong in grand bourgeois genetics
而是呈现出另一种风格
when it produced Degas.
这偏差是如此的光彩照人 五彩缤纷
Something glorious and colourful,
朦胧而醉人
blurry and intoxicating.
这是富有活力且前所未有的变化
It's a dynamic and inventive mutation,
在这之中 金融界所带来的文明
and there's not much in the story of civilisation
并没有起到很大的作用
we should thank the banking world for,
不过我们应该感谢他们带来了这个
but we do need to thank them for this.
众所周知 英国人和法国人
As you know, the British and the French
之间的关系并不是很友好
don't always see eye to eye.
他们并不是天生的兄弟
They're not really natural buddies.
因此 如果我想告诉你英国
So, if I was to suggest to you that Britain's influence
对印象主义的影响至关重要
on Impressionism was crucial,
最好还是悄悄地说出来
it's probably best if I suggest it quietly.
英国对印象主义的影响至关重要
Britain's influence on Impressionism was crucial.
是英国人将赛马运动传入法国的
It was the British who introduced horseracing into France,