鸟类秘闻（2012）

如果这的种子吃完了它们只用
if they exhaust the supply in small areas, all they have to do
往前移♥动♥一小点 反复移♥动♥
is move along a little bit and then move along again.
这里的食物足够它们过冬
There is enough food here to last them all winter.
这群小鸟千里迢迢迁徙到
Its amazing to think that this small flock of birds
这片海滩 真是不可思议
has travelled so far to be on this beach.
只要这有食物供给
As long as theres food for them here, .
它们世世代代会源源不断来这
theyll continue to do so for generations to come
冬季还有欧洲大♥陆♥的迁徙鸟来威尔士
Migrants also come to Wales from mainland Europe during winter
为了躲避更冷的大♥陆♥性气候
to escape the colder continental climate.
田鸫和红翼鸫从斯堪德纳维亚迁徙而来
Fieldfares and redwings migrate from Scandinavia.
成千的星椋鸟从欧洲各地迁徙而来
Thousands of starlings arrive from all parts of Europe.
它们都在一个繁华的时节到来-秋收时节
And they all arrive during a time of plenty - the autumn harvest.
它们在吃山楂果
These are eating hawthorn berries.
有一种迁徙鸟非常惊艳
One migrant is particularly stunning.
这些是朱连雀
These are waxwings
它们的迁徙地是北威尔士的陶因
and theyve arrived at Towyn in North Wales.
当朱连雀的老家斯堪德纳维亚
Waxwings usually end up on our shores
浆果歉收时
only when theres a poor berry crop
它们会在我们的海岸落脚
on their own home patch of Scandinavia.
为了生存 它们会继续向西迁徙
To survive, they keep on moving west
直到找到合适的食物
until they find a decent crop.
本地整年都在这里的鸟儿
The local birds who stay here all year round
不得不和这些越冬迁徙鸟争夺浆果
have to compete with the winter migrants for berries.
它们会有多少吃多少
Its a case of eating as much as they can while it lasts.
但浆果很快被消耗殆尽
But the berries soon run out.
之后它们得逐个搜刮挖掘来生存
Then, they literally have to scrape and dig to survive.
翻看每一片树叶寻找任何幼虫或蠕虫
Every leaf turned for any grub or a worm.
只要冬天大部分时候土地保持松软
And as long as the ground remains soft for most of the winter,
它们就能挺过去
they get by.
但如果天气变得更加寒冷
But if the weather turns colder,
生存便愈加艰难
life gets tougher.
这里是隆冬里布雷肯山区的雪景
These are the Brecon Beacons in mid winter.
这是相当寒冷的时候
Its a particularly cold period.
所有的食物来源都被冰雪所覆盖
All food sources have been covered with snow and ice.
我喜爱这样的天气 到处是银装素裹
I love weather like this. Everywhere is just completely white.
但对鸟儿来说可不是好事
But its not so good for birds
大雪覆盖了野地 它们断粮了
because with snow covering the fields, theres no food for them.
在我身后 是一片丰富的燕麦地
Behind me however,is a field full of oats
这是很多小鸟眼中的金矿
and that is a magnet for dozens of small birds.
这一小块地对它们来说
That one small field can be the difference
是生存与死亡的差别
between life and death for them.
这些鸟儿很幸运
These birds are lucky.
这是布雷肯山区斯拉赫农场
The field has been set aside for feeding birds
用来喂食鸟儿的土地
at Slwch Farm, Brecon.
这些谷种就是为了鸟儿准备的
The cereal seeds have been left for their benefit.
现在它们都来了
And theyre all here.
金翅雀
Finches.
黄鹉
A yellow hammer.
芦鹀
And reed buntings.
还有燕雀
And also brambling.
它们也是为了暖冬
Theyre one of the migrants that come to Wales
而迁徙来威尔士的 但今天不暖
in pursuit of a warmer winter, but not today.
它们不是附近唯一饥肠辘辘的鸟儿
And theyre not the only hungry birds around.
对食雀鹰来说冬天一样难熬
Winter is a difficult time for sparrowhawks too.
这里既然有这么多它喜爱的猎物
And with so many of its favourite prey attracted to this one spot,
也不用花时间去找它们了
it doesnt take it long to find them.
他紧贴篱笆 迅速出击 追捕猎物
Attacking quickly, it hugs the hedgerow, trying to chase down its prey.
小鸟所能做的就是躲避或者就地隐蔽
All the small birds can do is take cover or stay still in the crop.
它们太饿了
Theyre so hungry,
一旦安全它们便会出来继续进食
they must resume eating as soon as its safe to do so.
饿死与被吃掉间的抉择
Its a choice of starving to death or being eaten.
在冬季大型鸟同样面临觅食难的问题
Big birds also have problems finding food during winter.
大多数的存活办法是不挑食
Most of them survive by having a varied diet.
当我们想到秃鹰时
When we think of buzzards,
强壮的猎食者形象呈现在我们眼前
we imagine a powerful bird of prey that kills to eat.
有时 它会抓兔子 小鸟或是小鸡
And sometimes, it will take rabbits, small birds and chicks.
但它们也吃蠕虫
But it also eats worms.
你经常能看到许多秃鹰在野外挖地觅食
You often see many buzzards in a field digging for a meal.
这里是位于布雷肯山区
These are on farmland
特里卡斯尔附近的农场
near Trecastle in the Brecon Beacons.
这里是威尔士秃鹰常出没的地方
Its believed that buzzards are common in Wales
因为这里有许多虫子丰富的牧场给他们觅食
because theres so much worm-rich pasture available for them.
秃鹰同时也是食腐动物
Buzzards are also scavengers
当寒潮来袭 土地干硬的时候
and during a cold spell when the ground is hard,
它们会寻找陆地上的动物残骸
theyll search the landscape for dead animals.
这只秃鹰在多尔盖莱附近的高地上
This one has found a carcass
发现了一具动物尸骸
on the uplands near Dolgellau.
它已经被乌鸦撕开了
Its already been opened by ravens.
由于喙很小
Because of its small beak,
一只秃鹰很难撕开尸体
a buzzard finds it difficult to open a carcass.
需要只乌鸦来做这事
Its dependent on a raven to do that.
乌鸦的喙天生是用来撕裂尸体的
It has the perfect tearing beak.
一旦尸体被撕开
Once opened,
秃鹰便可轻易得啄取暴露的内脏了
the buzzard can then easily pick up the exposed tissue.
威尔士的河口非常受越冬鸟的喜爱
The estuaries of Wales are renowned for their wintering birds,
成百上千的鸟群从严寒的北极
with thousands flocking here from the frozen Arctic
以及欧洲各地来这觅食
and parts of Europe to find food.
这里是多尔盖莱附近的马达哈什河口
This is the Mawddach Estuary near Dolgellau.
有时 我们这的冬季异常严酷
Occasionally, our winters are so severe,
迁徙鸟儿来了之后
that the estuaries become as inhospitable
河口却变得冷酷无情
as the places the birds have migrated from.
我从没见过马达哈什河口变成这样
Ive never seen the Mawddach Estuary look like this before.
全都结冰了 但这之前都是连续的暖冬
Its all iced up, and because weve had a succession of mild winters,
我想我们得忘掉过去 重新来过了
I think we tend to forget that every now and again,
这里的冬季已相当严酷 连河口都被冰封了
when we do have a very hard winter, even our estuaries freeze up.
这对成百上千想要躲避寒冬
And that is very bad news for hundreds of thousands of birds
从俄♥罗♥斯♥北极地区
that escape the cold
远东地区而来的鸟儿来说真是个坏消息
of the Russian Arctic, the Far East, just to come here.
这对它们来说会变得极其艰难
So its going to be extremely hard for them.
老实说 这里更像是北极
To be honest, it looks more like the Arctic here.
另一股寒潮袭来后 康维河口完全被冰封了
During another cold snap, the Conwy Estuary is frozen.
虽然威尔士大地在严冬时显得很美丽
Although the Welsh landscape may look beautiful on a cold winters day,
但这里是没有食物给鸟儿的不毛之地
they are a wasteland in terms of food for the birds.
对需要掘地三尺来寻找食物的麻鹬来说
For curlew who need to probe deep into the mud for food,
冻土成了它们不可逾越的障碍
this becomes an impossible task if the ground is frozen solid.
幸运的是 几条尚未被冰封的小溪
Fortunately, the unfrozen small river channels
俨然成了这"北极景观"中的生命的动脉
act like arteries of life through the arctic landscape.
在这 许多鸟类可以像往常一样觅食
Here, many birds can feed as normal,
用它们的喙在泥泞中戳找少许食物
using their beaks to spear the small morsels buried in the mud.
这是最极限的生存环境了
These are the most challenging conditions for survival.
在这样一个严寒中 许多鸟儿会死去
During a severe winter, many birds will die,
尤其是更深的内陆
especially further inland.
这就是为什么当它们生存愈发艰苦时
Thats why its important that we give them a little help
我们要给予它们少许帮助
when the going gets tough.
作为回报 鸟儿跟人类亲近 展示英姿
In return, birds that are familiar with people give a great show.
在下一集中
And in the next programme,
我将探寻鸟儿适应我们人类的不同方式
Ill be looking at the different ways birds have adapted to us.
它们如何利用我们创造的景观
How they make use of the landscapes weve created,
我们建造的建筑
the structures weve built,
以及我们抛弃的资源
and the materials we discard.