鸟类秘闻（2012）

即便是珍稀鸟类
Even very special birds.
这是一只波纹林莺
This is a Dartford warbler.
威尔士最珍稀的鸟类之一
It's one of Wales' rarest birds.
他的家能俯眺塔尔伯特港
And his residence overlooks Port Talbot.
波纹林莺看上去跟你在威尔士
The Dartford warbler looks quite different
能见到的任何一只鸟有很大不同
to any other small bird that you'll see in Wales.
风景不重要
The view doesn't matter.
更重要的是他找到了一块完美的栖息地
What's more important is that he's found a small patch of perfect habitat,
让他能唱歌♥和筑巢
where he can sing and nest.
但他得唱的非常响亮才能赛过交通噪音
But he'll have to sing very loud above the traffic noise
这是所有都市鸟儿们得适应的一点
and this is something all urban birds have to get used to.
这里是北威尔士的贝兹考德
This is Betws-y-Coed in North Wales.
现在是清晨
It's early morning
霍利赫德高速路非常繁忙
and the A5 is very busy.
在这座公园
In the park,
鸟儿们同样在过着它们忙碌的生活
birds are also getting on with their busy lives.
欧歌♥鸫正在那唱歌♥
A song thrush singing away up there.
站在树顶 放声高歌♥
Singing its little heart out from the top of that tree.
它会像这样渡春迎夏
It'll do that all through the Spring and into the Summer.
问题是 他选择了在这筑巢
The problem is, it's decided to nest in a town,
这样一来 他每天清早得和汽车争鸣了
so it's got to compete every morning with the traffic.
研究显示都市鸟儿会提高自己的音量
Research has shown that urban birds may make their songs louder
来抵消交通噪音
to compensate for this noise.
叫声也会和生活在乡野的
The songs can also be very different to the songs
同种鸟儿的有很大不同
of the same species living in the countryside.
不是所有鸟儿都在枝头高歌♥
Not all birds sing from a perch.
有些威尔士鸟儿住在没有树木
Some Welsh birds live in habitats
没有合适栖息地唱歌♥的地方
where there are no trees or suitable perches to sing from.
这里是北威尔士普利斯坦丁地区的
These are the Gronant sand dunes near Prestatyn
格兰特沙丘
in North Wales.
春夏季里 云雀们在这繁殖
Here, skylarks breed during the Spring and Summer.
我认为很多鸟鸣声都比不过云雀
I don't think many songs can compete with the skylark song.
现在是他们忙碌的时候
It's a busy time for them.
现在是春季
It's Spring
雄鸟们正在建立自己的领地
and the males are setting up territories.
它们相互追逐嬉戏
They are chasing each other around.
它们在唱歌♥与飞翔间无休无止
They'll sing and climb and climb and climb and sing and sing.
就像是在比赛看谁能
It's like a competition to see which one can do
唱出最复杂的歌♥ 攀得比天高
the most complicated song and climb the highest.
它们这么做很重要
It's important they do that
因为它们建立的领地
because the territory that they establish
他必须维持下去
has got to sustain,
不只是雄鸟们 配偶和整个家庭也要
not just them, but a mate and a family as well.
这就是为什么你看到很多云雀
That's why you'll get lots of them.
不只是这只 几十只这么多
Not just this one There are dozens of them.
它们一路鸣叫着渡春迎夏
They're singing all the way through Spring into Summer
进入秋天也是这样 很美妙的声音
and into the Autumn as well. It's a lovely sound.
云雀们将歌♥声融入飞行表演当中
Skylarks have incorporated their song into an aerial display.
雄鸟们用空中俯冲的方式吸引雌鸟
The males attract the females by literally falling from the sky.
它们会无休止的这么做
They will do it over and over
即便是找到配偶后 为了维系她 维持领地
even when a female has been found, to keep her, and the territory.
当我还是个小家伙时 我就对鸟巢很着迷
Since I was a lad, I've been fascinated by birds nests.
到处寻找它们
Looking for them
这样的墙是知更鸟和鹪鹩理想的安乐窝
A wall like this is ideal for a robin or a wren.
因为它们可以把巢藏起来
Because they tuck the nests away,
找到鸟巢的最佳办法之一是
one of the best ways to find them
仔细听警报声
is to listen for an alarm call.
每只鸟的警报声不尽相同
An alarm call is different for every bird but they are similar.
叫声非常大 非常刺耳 连续断音
They are loud, very harsh and often staccato
有点像机关枪
bit like a machine gun.
当你听到是 你就知道鸟巢不远了
When you hear that, you know the nest isn't far.
警报声有多种目的
The alarm call serves several purposes.
首先 当然是警告我别靠近
It warns me to stay back.
其次 警告其他鸟儿这里有危险发生
Also, it's to warn other birds that there is danger in the area.
但还有另外一个目的
But there is much anything
就是告知配偶藏起鸟蛋或者幼崽
but else It's to warn the mate, who will be incubating eggs or young,
保持安静 保持不动
to stay quiet, to stay still
这样不会暴露鸟巢的位置
and not to give away the nest's location.
我们都知道这一只 不吉利的乌鸦
We've all heard this one, an unhappy blackbird.
这通常是一只猫或一个人路过他树下的叫声
It's usually a cat or a person walking under his tree.
靠近游隼的巢穴是违法的
It's illegal to go anywhere near a peregrine's nest
因为它是受保护动物
as it's a protected species.
如果你靠的太近 它会给你点厉害尝尝
But the peregrine would soon let you know if you were too near.
这是哈勒赫城♥堡♥附近森林有趣的一幕
This is an interesting situation in a woodland near Harlech.
一对五子雀夫妇
A nuthatch pair
把家安在了一个旧啄木鸟树洞里
has taken up residence in an old woodpecker hole.
巢穴里的雄鸟听到了配偶的警报声
The nuthatch at the nest is alerted by an alarm call from his mate.
如今当啄木鸟再冒险靠近时
A woodpecker is now an unwelcome guest
已是不受欢迎的客人了
when he ventures too close.
五子雀夫妇拼命把它吓走
The nuthatch pair do their very best to scare him off.
最终 这支啄木鸟认命了
Eventually, the woodpecker gets the message.
这只苍头燕雀在附近有个巢
This chaffinch has a nest nearby.
它正发出尖厉的警报声
It's making a high-pitched alarm call.
音频太高了 很难让我们清楚听见
It's very high frequency and very difficult for us to make out.
但他的幼鸟听得见
But it's meant for its chicks.
保持安静不要暴露巢穴位置的信♥号♥♥
A sign to be quiet and not to give away the nest's location.
所有的这些鸟鸣声都是预警系统
All of these calls are an early warning system
本质上是帮助鸟儿们躲避危险
and are essential in helping birds escape danger.
有些鸟儿的预警声相当复杂
Some birds have calls that are so complicated
就像是它们独自的语言一样
it's as if they have their own language.
这里是安格尔西岛西海岸的纽巴勒森林
This is Newborough Forest on the west coast of Anglesey.
威尔士境内最大的针叶树种植园之一
It's one of the largest conifer plantations in Wales.
在冬季 大约八百只乌鸦每晚在森林里栖息
During Winter, around 800 ravens roost every night in the forest.
这是不列颠最大的乌鸦聚集群之一
It's one of the biggest assemblages of ravens in Britain.
乌鸦是所有鸟类中叫声最远的
Ravens have the widest range of calls of any bird.
白天 它们飞掠大地搜寻食物
During the day, they scavenge the land for food,
傍晚时回到森林保护自己 聚众取暖
and return here at dusk to the security and warmth of the forest.
当他们回来占据树梢栖息位置的时候
As they arrive and occupy roosting positions in the trees,
它们彼此间的叫声相当迷人
the calls they make to each other are fascinating.
我已经潜伏在树下了
I've sneaked in below the trees,
现在就在栖息地的边缘
right at the edge of the roost now.
主栖息地在我左边
The main roost is to my left
但有些鸣叫的乌鸦在我右边
but there are few vocal birds to my right.
来听听这些声音
Listen to these noises.
专家说乌鸦们能发出三十种不同的叫声
They say that ravens have more than 30 different calls
我反正信了
and I can well believe it.
这简直就是一门语言
It's a kind of language really.
一门你我听不懂的语言
A language we don't understand,
但依然是门语言
but a language none the less.
不断的彼此沟通
Constantly communicating with each other.
这些声音有的相当奇特
Some of these noises are so weird.
乌鸦们这么鸣叫肯定有理可循
There must be a reason why ravens are calling like this.
它们的叫声不只是为了好玩
They are not simply calling for fun.
眼下 这是个不解之谜
For the time being, it's a mystery.
我们听不懂它们的语言
We don't understand their language.
有充分证据表明 它们应该在分享
There's good evidence they maybe sharing information
食物源的信息
about food sources.
一只乌鸦没能力独自保护尸骸
A raven cannot defend a carcass on its own.
但一群乌鸦就另当别论了
But it can if it's part of a group.
这应该是自然本能的声音
It's thought the volume and nature of a call
应该是在传递发现物的位置 距离
maybe giving information about the location, distance
还有体积大小
and size of a find.
通过信息分享
By sharing this information,
它们第二天能一起飞回去
they can go back together the next day
获得食物
to benefit from the food.
在威尔士 鸟群齐飞的美丽景色随处可见
All over Wales, fabulous views of flying flocks are common,
尤其是在沿海岸一线
especially along the coast.
在这样的鸟群中 它们通常会彼此鸣叫
And in these flocks, birds often call to each other.
这些涉禽住在麦奈海峡附近
These waders are near the Menai Strait.
这里能听到相当大范围的鸟叫声
It's a place where you'll hear a fabulous range of calls.