鸟类秘闻（2012）

威尔士的鸟儿过着令人想象不到的
A bird's life in Wales must seem the most pleasant existence
最甜美的生活
you could ever wish for.
还有什么比整天站在枝头
What could possibly be better than being on a perch,
高歌♥一曲 与世无争的日子更快活的呢?
singing happily all day without a worry in the world?
当然还能飞行
And, of course, there's that ability to fly.
自♥由♥翱翔 随心所欲
To go anywhere you feel like, totally free.
天堂般的生活
A life made in heaven.
除了...
Anything but.
鸟儿们得起早贪黑地活动
Birds have to work from dawn until dusk.
找寻食物和水源维生
They have to find food and water to live.
如果它们找不到 就会死掉
If they fail to do so, they die.
它们得和环境抗争
They have to battle the elements.
尤其是在冬季 存活下来极其困难
Survival, especially during Winter, is extremely difficult.
春季 它们忙着生儿育女
During Spring, they're busy raising new families.
这时它们不仅要养活自己
Then they not only have to feed themselves,
还有它们嗷嗷待哺的孩子
but also their hungry chicks.
它们必须保护幼鸟免受其他猛禽的伤害
They have to protect the chicks from others who wish to do them harm.
它们自己也会成为捕食目标
They can be targets themselves.
当然 它们还得忍♥受我们人类
And, of course, they have to put up with us.
它们得在我们人类环境中寻求生存之道
They have to find a way of surviving in our artificial landscape.
在本集中 我会探寻
In this series, I'm going to be finding out
威尔士境内鸟儿们的真实生活
what a bird's life is really like in Wales.
我会寻遍这里各种不同种类的鸟儿
I'm going to be discovering the vast array of species we have here.
探究它们生活的奥秘
And I'm going to be probing into their secret lives.
布雷肯国家公园的特雷斯山峰高地
The uplands of Traeth Mawr in the Brecon Beacons.
一个寒冷四月清晨的破晓
Dawn's breaking on a cold April morning.
布雷肯公园的最高峰 蓬莱峰就在远方
The Beacons' highest peak, Pen y Fan, is in the distance.
黎明被鸟鸣声唤醒
This first hour is alive with sounds.
新一天因鸟儿们提前来临
The day starts early for birds.
随着太阳升起 雾霓腾弥
As the sun rises and the mist lifts,
鸟儿们展示出它们全部的荣耀
the birds are revealed in all their glory.
在本集中 我将探寻鸟鸣声的奥秘
In this programme, I'm exploring the secret life of bird calls.
如今在威尔士很难再找到
There can't be that many places left in Wales now
这样几乎未被破坏的栖息着各种各样物种的
where you've got a fairly unspoilt area like this
野生环境了
with an incredible variety of habitats in it.
你能看到高草原 金雀花
You've got the tall grassland here, you've got the gorse,
我身后还能看到山峦 沼泽地
you've got the hills behind me, you've got marshland,
你还能看到长满蕨菜花的山丘
you've got bracken-covered hills over there as well.
你在这能看到很多鸟儿
And you've got so many birds here.
你能从它们的鸣叫和吟唱中分辨出它们
You can identify all of them from their calls and their songs.
这是一只林岩鹨
This is a dunnock.
柳莺
A willow warbler.
水蒲苇莺
And a sedge warbler.
它们都是雄鸟 在通过歌♥声宣示领地
These are all male birds and they're singing to mark their territory.
它们会选其领地
And in their territory,
最繁密的树丛中最高耸的枝头歌♥唱
they've chosen the highest perch on the tallest bush to sing.
树丛里这种刺耳的叫声
There's this scratchy kind of call here amongst the gorse.
是刚从非洲回来的水蒲苇莺
That's a sedge warbler just in from Africa now.
一群云雀在草地里 还有草地鹨
There are skylarks in this grass. There are meadow pipits.
一对麻鹬在那边
There's a pair of curlew over there.
一只柳莺飞走了
There's a willow warbler going away now.
山坡那边传来的是布谷鸟的叫声
There's been a cuckoo calling from that hillside over there.
叫声最美妙的鸟 在这整个沼泽地 湿地里
The best one, I think, of all is in this marshy, wet area here.
是一种叫"鹬"的鸟
It's a bird called a snipe
它的叫声像是"滴答滴答"一样
and it's got a kind of a tick-tock-tick-tock kind of call.
值得一提的是 它不是靠喙发声
But it also does a display, where it doesn't use its beak,
是用尾巴
it actually uses its tail.
是靠两片外尾的羽毛
It pushes out these two outer tail feathers,
当它俯冲的时候
and when it dives down,
就能发出这种相当难以置信的声响
it does this most incredible noise.
这就是鹬的"滴答"叫声
This is the snipe's tick-tack call.
鹬就在野外某处鸣叫
The snipe is calling somewhere on the ground.
叫声足够吸引雌鸟飞入他的领地
It's loud enough to attract a female into its territory.
之后他开始翱翔
And then he displays.
气流通过他外尾羽毛时
The movement of wind through his outer tail feathers
产生了独特的声响
creates a unique noise.
这里是卡迪夫城的比特公园
This is Bute Park, Cardiff.
这里的早晨也因鸟儿提早来到
Here too, it's an early start for the birds.
这是画眉鸟 最佳歌♥星之一
This is a song thrush, one of our finest singers.
它总会反复鸣乐 至少两次
It'll always repeat a phrase at least twice.
清晨的鸣唱能让它
It's important to sing early
成为第一只吸引雌鸟的鸟儿
to be the first one to attract the attention of a female.
当然 他的歌♥声能在公园
Also, his sound will travel further in the park
相对沉静的黎明穿越得更远
in the relative silence of the dawn
比今天之后的效果要好的多
than it will do later on in the day.
这的很多鸟儿们在隆冬时节都开始歌♥唱了
A lot of our birds actually start singing in the middle of Winter.
时节不错
That's a good thing
因为没有树叶遮挡 你能看见它们
because there are no leaves and you can see them.
鹪鹩最早最小的歌♥唱者之一
One of the earliest and the smallest is the wren.
现在就有一只正在歌♥唱
There's one singing away in here now.
虽然他是体形最小的鸟儿之一
It's one of our smallest birds
但歌♥声相当洪亮
and yet it has an incredibly loud song.
我觉得他用了丹田之气
I think it's all lungs
因为这不是即兴而唱
because it doesn't burst into song,
完全舒展开了
it absolutely explodes.
这只鹪鹩像这样摆动翅膀
This one is waggling its wings like this.
他发现这附近有竞争对手
He's got a rival somewhere nearby
他试图让自己看上去更强壮那么一丁点
and he's trying to make himself look just that little bit bigger.
给力的鸟儿 我爱鹪鹩
Cracking birds. I like wrens.
"提切儿-提切儿..." 你听到了吗?
Tee-cher-tee-cher-tee-cher. Can you hear that?
这是山雀的叫声 上面就有一只
That's a great tit. There's one up here,
那边有一只在回应
and there's another one answering from over there.
它就是普通的森林田园鸟
It's a really common garden and woodland bird
还有你走近仔细打量 它很漂亮
and yet, you look at it close up and it's stunning.
绿黄黑白 一应俱全
Greens and yellows and blacks and whites.
歌♥声很有趣
The song is interesting.
人们发现那些歌♥词最长最复杂的雄山雀
They've found that the males with the longest and most intricate songs
是最能吸引雌山雀的
are the most successful at attracting a mate.
于是乎 它们会剽窃其他鸟儿的歌♥声
So what they do is, they'll steal little bits of other birds' songs
编入它们自己的歌♥声中
and incorporate it into their own.
但"提切儿-提切儿"这个音符总会在里面
But they've always got that tee-cher-tee-cher element in it.
这的山雀真是太多了
There are lots of them here.
大斑啄木鸟们也在求偶
Great spotted woodpeckers too are attracting each other,
但它们的方法与众不同
but they have a different method.
它们是"打鼓"
They drum.
这只是雌鸟 雌雄啄木鸟都"打鼓"
This is a female. Both males and females drum.
雄鸟颈部上有红斑
The male has a red patch on his neck.
就像所有的鼓手一样 它们只选最好的"鼓"
And like all good drummers, they select the best drum.
那种能制♥造♥出最吵噪音的"鼓"
The one that will make the most noise.
尽管不同种的鸟鸣声是复杂多样的
Although birdsongs can be complex and varied within species,
但有些鸟儿只发出非常单一的声音
some birds make do with a very simple one.
这只小鸟吟唱的地点是在卡迪根市附近的
This little bird is singing above Ceibwr Bay near Cardigan
北彭布罗克郡海岸
on the North Pembrokeshire coast.
当我们想起鸟鸣时
When we think of birdsong,
我们常常想起美妙和谐之音 比如知更鸟
we tend to think of really tuneful songs like the melodious songs
和黑鹂的悠扬歌♥声 甚至是云雀的歌♥声
of robins and blackbirds or maybe even the skylark.
但不是所有鸟类的鸣叫都是这样
But not all birds sing like that.
这是一只白喉莺
This is a whitethroat.
这只白喉莺刚刚从非洲千里迢迢回来
It's a little warbler that's just come all the way back from Africa.
他一来到这就驻足不停地鸣叫
He keeps singing from the song post he's got here.
这次驻足的是树莓丛
In this case, it's an old bit of bramble.
他的叫声怎么说呢 顶多是粗糙的声音
His song is what you could call, at best, a scratchy song.
但明显有效果
But it obviously works
他发现离海岸不远处有一个雌鸟窝
because he's got a female nesting just over the bank here.
于是乎 他飞去给她喂一会儿食
There he goes. He's going off to feed her for a while
之后他又回来在完全相同的位置继续鸣叫
before he comes back and sings from exactly the same post.
这只幸运的白喉莺占据的领地
This lucky whitethroat probably has one
大概是威尔士最美丽的吧
of the best patches of territory in Wales.
一座"全景式避暑别♥墅♥"
A Summer residence with outstanding views.
有些鸟儿就没这么好的命了
Some birds are not so lucky.