鸟类秘闻（2012）

威尔士鸟儿的生活一定很惬意
A birds life in Wales must be wonderful.
天堂般的生活
A life made in heaven.
除了
Anything but.
鸟儿们得起早贪黑找寻食物和水
Birds have to work from dawn to dusk to find food and water.
如果它们找不到 就会死掉
If they dont, they die.
它们还得和环境抗争
They have to battle with the elements too.
尤其是在冬季 存活下来极其困难
Survival, especially during winter, is always difficult.
春季 它们忙着生儿育女
And during the spring, theyre busy raising families.
它们还要忍♥受我们的人类
They also have to put up with us
它们得在我们人类环境中寻求生存之道
and find a way of surviving in our artificial landscape.
在本系列中 我将探寻
In this series, Im going to be finding out
威尔士鸟类真实的生活
what a birds life is really like in Wales.
我会寻遍这里各种不同种类的鸟儿
Im going to be discovering the vast array of species we have here
探究它们生活的奥秘
and Ill be probing into their secret lives.
这些斑尾林鸽在卡迪夫城中心筑了巢
These wood pigeons have nested in the centre of Cardiff.
夫妻俩花了一周时间才完成
It took the pair a week to build the nest.
雌鸟下蛋了
The female laid the eggs.
三周以来
For three weeks,
雌鸟与雄鸟轮流孵化
both the male and the female took turns with the incubation.
雏鸟四天前孵化出来了
The chicks hatched four days ago.
一切进展的很顺利
All is going well.
之后 灾难降临
And then, disaster strikes.
一只雌性雀鹰发现了鸟巢
A female sparrowhawk locates the nest.
斑尾林鸽没能力对抗如此强悍的猛禽
The pigeon flees, unable to defend her chicks against such a powerful predator.
食雀鹰杀死并吃掉了小雏鸟
The sparrowhawk kills the chicks and eats them.
这就是残酷的现实生活
This is the harsh reality of life.
在本期节目中 我将会探究
In this programme, Ill be looking at
鸟儿是如何保护自己远离被吃的厄运
how birds protect themselves from being killed and eaten
并使自己远离饥饿与严寒的致命侵袭
and prevent themselves from starving and freezing to death.
在安格西的这片森林中 有种鸟做了
In this woodland on Anglesey, one bird has made a decision
一个能够很大程度防止雏鸟夭折的决定
that may greatly reduce the chances of her chicks surviving.
这真是太诡异了
This is really odd.
秋季到来 落叶满地
Its obviously autumn, youve got leaves all over the floor,
树木都换了颜色
the trees have all changed colour,
但是来看看这个
but come here and have a look at this.
就在我正前方的树墩下
Just in front of me here, at the base of this stump,
有只绿头鸭就那孵蛋
just down there, is a mallard sitting on eggs,
这可是金秋十月！
in the middle of October!
绿头鸭通常在二月末到七月间筑巢
Mallards usually nest between late February and July,
最晚到八月初
early August maybe,
那么为什么它现在还在孵蛋呢？
so why is a mallard sitting down there now?
我们这里有个月的天气非常温暖
Weve had a month of really mild, warm weather,
所以我觉得它可能是误以为春天来了
and I think that theyre confused, they think its spring,
它们就想"哦哦 让我们交♥配♥吧"
so theyve thought, "Oh, wow, lets mate,
"让我们下蛋吧"
lets lay eggs."
所以就出现了眼前的一幕
And thats exactly what theyve done.
它把蛋小心翼翼的藏在树墩根部
Shes just really well hidden at the base of that stump.
随着冬季来临
With winter approaching,
这只绿头鸭养活幼崽的机会越来越渺茫
the chances of this mallard raising a family are slim.
即便蛋成功孵化 随着天气渐渐变冷
Even if her eggs hatch, as the weather gradually turns colder,
存活对于雏鸭来说会异常艰难
survival will be extremely difficult for a young bird.
这就是大多数鸟类都在春天筑巢的原因
And thats why most birds nest in the spring.
更温暖的气温意味着
Warmer temperatures mean theres
海陆上有丰富的食物
a wealth of food available on land and in the sea.
大地回春 万物复苏
Its a season when everything comes to life.
尤其是对山林鸟类来说
And for woodland birds especially,
同时期还有嚼树叶的毛毛虫
it coincides with a glut of caterpillars eating the leaves.
这也是迁徙鸟类春天到威尔士的原因之一
And thats one of the reasons why migrant birds come to Wales in the spring.
为了最大程度保证它们的雏鸟存活
To ensure that their chicks have the best chance of survival,
像柳莺这样的鸟 会向非洲往北迁徙
birds like the willow warbler travel north from Africa
去到食物充足的地方
to a landscape thats rich in food.
这是巴拉山附近的高地农场
This upland farm is near Bala
一只漂亮的红尾鸲正在哺育雏鸟
and a beautiful male redstart is feeding chicks.
它们也是从非洲来的
It too has come from Africa.
红尾鸲通常在树洞里筑巢
Redstarts naturally nest in tree holes,
但是这对夫妇选在了谷仓墙壁的洞里
but this pair have decided to use a hole in a barn wall instead.
雌鸟的色泽比雄鸟稍显逊色
The female is less brightly coloured
她和雄鸟一起承担哺育后代的责任
and shares the feeding responsibilities with the male.
春天有数不尽的昆虫幼卵
With lots of insect larvae,
哪怕是在这高山之上
even here on the uplands during spring,
它们的宝宝有充足的食物生存
their chicks have all the food they need to survive.
大多数夏季来威尔士的小型鸟类都是以昆虫为食
Most of the small migrant birds that come to Wales for the summer are insect eaters.
春季也是昆虫繁盛的时候
And its a time of year when insects are plentiful.
这些燕子正在布雷肯山区觅食
These swallows are feeding in the Brecon Beacons.
这的气候温暖潮湿
Because our climate is damp and mild,
成群的小昆虫破茧而出
swarms of small insects emerge
这成了燕子生存的基础粮源
and this is essential for the swallows survival.
即使在炎热的夏日
And the insects keep flying,
昆虫也不停歇的飞舞
even on a bad summers day.
鸟儿真是奇特的生物
Birds are amazing things.
这真是个寒冷潮湿 难熬的一天
Its a really cold, miserable, wet, Welsh day
但你仍然能看到六只燕子在水面觅食
and yet, youve got half a dozen swallows, feeding above the water.
即使在这样的天气里 它们仍然
Even in weather like this, they have to feed
要为了巢中嗷嗷待哺的雏鸟捕食
because theyve got chicks back at the nest.
如果不喂食 雏鸟们会死
if they dont feed those chicks just die
有趣的是 暖日里你时常会看到
almost interesting Usually you see them
它们在高树上
feeding high up above the trees
或是高空中觅食 因为昆虫都在那
or up in the sky because on a warm day, thats where the insects are.
但现在 天气潮湿阴冷
But now, its cold and wet
昆虫也钻到地下去了
and the insects have been pushed down low,
所以燕子只能河岸边水面觅食
so theyre feeding above the surface of the water and along the banks.
它们像吸尘器一样张着嘴
They go along with their beaks open, like a hoover,
吸食虫子
theyre going to hoover up the insects
它们一次能捕到几十只
and theyll get dozens,
有时甚至是上百只
sometimes even hundreds at a time,
之后它们便要回巢喂雏鸟了
then they'll go back and feed the chicks.
这些水塘位于提德维耳附近的坤达旦
These water pools are in Cwm Darran, near Merthyr Tydfil.
山谷之上的石楠灌丛中
Higher up on the heathland above the valley,
草地鹨正在筑巢
meadow pipits are nesting.
这对夫妇成功养育出健康茁壮的雏鸟
This pair have succeeded in raising good, healthy chicks.
其他鹨可能就没这么幸运了
Other pipits may not fare as well.
这附近有只布谷鸟
Theres a cuckoo about
它会对小鹨的生存造成巨大影响
and that could have a big effect on a pipit chicks survival.
这只雌鸟在石楠丛上盘旋
This female is patrolling the heath,
找个可以下蛋的地方
on the lookout for a place to lay an egg.
这也是布谷鸟正翘首以盼的
And this is what the cuckoos been looking for.
它藏在了蕨菜丛下
Its hidden out of the way, beneath the bracken.
布谷鸟就在下面的路杆上栖息
The cuckoo has been perching on the pylons, down there,
在那她有很好的视野环顾四周
where shes got a good all round view of this area.
她耐心等待草地鹨离开鸟巢
Shes waiting for the pipit to leave its nest,
之后就冲过来
shell then dash in,
将自己的蛋产在草地鹨的巢里
lay an egg in there and the cuckoos that target meadow pipits
布谷鸟的蛋和草地鹨的很像
make their eggs look like meadow pipit eggs.
到时候小布谷鸟破壳而出
That egg will then hatch,
会将草地鹨的蛋挤出鸟巢
the chick will throw out all the other eggs,
到那时成年草地鹨就只能喂食这只布谷鸟了
so that the adult meadow pipit will just feed that one chick.
草原鹨会竭尽全力不让布谷鸟得逞
Meadow pipits will do all they can to make it difficult for the cuckoo.
一旦被发现了 就会被不断围攻
Once its detected, it will be mobbed ceaselessly.
不只是布谷鸟 还有猛禽
Not so much that its a cuckoo but because it generally looks like a bird of prey
它们会杀掉它的孩子
that could kill its chicks.
草地鹨会试图隐蔽它们的巢穴
The pipit will also try and conceal its approach to the nest,
但不可避免得 布谷鸟还是会发现
but inevitably, the cuckoo will succeed.
它设法在巢里下了一个蛋
Itll manage to lay an egg in a nest.
他的蛋在左边 只有细微的差别
Her egg on the left is only slightly different.
其他蛋顶部有暗斑
While the others have a dark patch on one end,
布谷鸟的没有
the cuckoo egg doesnt.
不到两周之后 厚颜无♥耻♥的布谷鸟破壳而出
Less than two weeks later, a very bold cuckoo chick hatches.
在它未成熟的翅膀尖端有个特殊的爪子
It has special claws at the tip of its immature wings
用它抓住鸟巢的边缘 将其他鸟蛋赶走
to enable it to grab the side of the nest to eject the other eggs.
最终 由于强烈的父母责任心
This, itll do eventually and the parental urge will be so strong