鸟类秘闻（2012）

看到那只鸟没？
See that bird, then?
它叫管鼻藿
That's a fulmar.
相当于威尔士版本的信天翁
It's kind of a Welsh version of an albatross.
它是最厉害的飞行大♥师♥之一
It's one of our supreme fliers.
几乎一辈子都呆在海上
Spends nearly all of its life out at sea.
它们直接在没有遮蔽的崖壁上筑巢
It comes onto these cliffs to nest, and nothing else.
在冬天,巢也直接对着大海
Over the winter, it's right out over the open ocean.
它再经过的时你可以仔细看看它的翅膀
If you look at the wings when it comes past again,
它们长着一对细长像刀刃一样的翅膀
they're long, thin, very stiff wings.
又有一只飞过
Those are adapted. Here's another one, coming past now.
它们之所以能适应海上的生活
Those are adapted for a life out at sea
是因为它们可以最大限度
because they can make the best out of
利用任何风力来贴近海面飞行
any little bit of wind hitting the waves.
它们像这样滑过水面,毫不费力
They'll skim over them and move like this, completely effortless.
在数千英里宽的海面上
There are thousands of miles of ocean out there
能否有效利用任何一点能量是十分重要的
and it's important that they use as little energy as possible.
所以它们的翅膀长成了这个样子
That's why the wings look like they do.
在我下方还有一只,沿着岩壁滑翔
There's another one below me, skimming along the rocks.
完全不费力气,毫无压力
Completely effortless..
滑行是一种最简单的飞翔方式
Gliding is the simplest form of flight.
管鼻藿是所有鸟类中最擅长滑翔的
Fulmars are the best gliders of all of our birds.
它们几乎从不扇动翅膀
They hardly flap at all.
它们只有在应对风速变化时才扇动翅膀
The wings only need to twist in response to different wind speeds above the sea.
在没有风的时候
If there isn't any wind
它们可以自己制♥造♥出来
they can produce it themselves
利用它们的翅尖,轻轻扇动几下
by flapping gently, using their wingtips.
当需要减速的时候
They also flap their wingtips
它们也会扇动翅膀
when they need to slow down
再就是着陆之前扇动翅膀刹车
and stall when landing.
兀鹰对身体的控制有另外的方法
Buzzards need a different kind of control for what they do.
它们经常在天空翱翔,搜寻食物
They're often seen soaring above the land, scanning for food.
这样的话,它们需要一对又长又宽的翅膀
For this they need long, broad wings,
弯曲着,提供最大升力
curved to provide maximum lift.
它们乘着上升气流离开地面
They ride columns of air rising from the land
在空中滑翔,扇动翅膀
and smooth out any turbulent air with their slotted wings.
类似像兀鹰和红风筝鸟这样的鸟
While some birds, like the buzzard and the red kite,
在空中经常是滑行或翱翔
glide or soar using the air,
而白鹭和苍鹭这样的
other birds, like egrets and herons,
需要不断扇动翅膀靠自身动力飞行
produce their own powered flight by constant flapping.
许多小型鸟类在空中呆的时间通常较短
Many of our smaller birds generally spend little time in the air.
它们经常只是简单地
They simply make short flights
从一根树枝飞向另一根树枝
from one perch to another.
它们的栖息地不同
They also live in different habitats
遇到的问题也不同
which have different flying problems.
在林地或者田野中
In a woodland or garden,
鸟儿们需要快速起飞以躲避威胁
birds need to be able to take-off quickly to avoid danger
它们必须很灵活以避开树木或其它物体
and they need to be manoeuvrable to avoid trees and other objects.
鸟类控制快速起飞和落地的能力
A bird's control of fast take-off and landing
只有在慢镜头下才能看出其中的精妙之处
can only be appreciated when it's slowed down.
蓝冠山雀在起飞和降落过程中
The way these great and blue tits coordinate their feet and wings
协调脚和翅膀的能力十分令人惊讶
for take-off and landing is astonishing.
煤山雀同样技能娴熟
A coal tit is just as skilful.
起飞需要巨大的力量
The tremendous power that's required to shift air on take-off
从翅膀的扇动上能看出来
is shown by fully-flapping wings.
涉禽不需要快速起飞
Waders don't necessarily need a quick take-off
但需要高速、稳定的速度做长途巡航飞行
But need faster, sustained speed for long-distance flying.
许多需要长途迁徙
Especially as many migrate long distances.
许多长途飞行能手的翅膀已经进化
Some of our power flyers have evolved wings
可以做一些高难度飞行
to enable them to produce aerobatic displays.
麦鸡在翅尖上进化出了初级飞羽
Lapwings have very developed primary feathers on their wingtips
使得它们拥有了超强的控制力
which gives them fantastic control.
它们在求偶时也会卖♥♥弄飞行技巧
They use this remarkable ability in their courtship display.
威尔士还有其他的飞行专家
There are also other specialist fliers in Wales.
霍利黑德以北的斯克里斯地区
These are Arctic terns on the Skerries,
生活着一种北极燕鸥
north of Holyhead.
长长的尾巴赋予了它们高超的灵活性
They have long tails to give them extra agility.
它们可以通过扇动翅膀向前向后飞
They can also hover by pushing the air backwards and forwards.
这种能力可以帮助它们
They need these abilities to help them keep an eye on their eggs
在繁殖季节照看鸟蛋和幼鸟
and chicks in this big colony during the breeding season.
它们迁徙的距离也是所有生物中最长的
They also make the longest migration of any living creature
每年,它们从这里一直飞到南半球
and travel from here to the southern hemisphere
最远到达南极洲
as far as the Antarctic every year.
茶隼的盘旋是另一种方式
Kestrels hover in a different way.
这只正在卡那封的弗瑞迪地区捕食
This one is hunting on the Foryd, near Caernarfon.
它们通过以与风速相同的速度迎风飞行
It stays in one position by flying at the same speed
悬停在一个地方
as the wind blowing against it.
它也是通过尾巴来控制飞行姿态
It, too, uses its tail for control.
和之前提到的其他鸟类一样
And, like all of our birds,
它也完美的适应了威尔士的生活
it's perfectly designed for a life in Wales.'
看看这壮丽的景象
Just look at this magnificent view.
对我来说,这就代表了威尔士
To me, this just about epitomises Wales.
所有的山丘,平地,灌木丛,森林
This mixture of hills and fields, of hedgerows and woodland,
我觉得并不是所有人都感受到了
and I don't think enough of us really appreciate the fact
我们是生活在这样一个奇妙的国家
that we live in a fantastic country.
这里面有各种各样的栖息地
One that's packed with all kinds of habitats.
在每一块栖息地上
And in each and every one of those,
不管我们意识到没有
whether we take notice or not,
鸟类们都在过着自己的生活
the birds are getting on with their secret lives.