生命（2009）

掠食动物与猎物之间的搏斗
Life is at its most intense
是最激烈的生死之争
during the struggles between predator and prey.
敌我双方为了生存
Each side, to survive,
必须以智慧与谋略胜过对手
must outwit and outmanoeuvre the other.
胜利的成果对猎人来说 是能饱食一餐
The prize, for the hunter... a meal.
对猎物来说 则是取得继续存活的机会
For the prey, the chance to live another day.
《猎人与猎物》
这里有三只公猎豹
Three male cheetahs.
这群兄弟很特殊
These brothers are very special.
很少有其他猎豹 胆敢挑战它们猎捕的猎物
They hunt prey few other cheetahs would dare to tackle.
想要成功 它们必须先挑选一个牺牲者
To succeed, they must first select a victim.
然后通力合作压制猎物
And then work together to overpower it.
这是危险任务
It's dangerous work.
成年斑马是致命威胁
An adult zebra is potentially lethal.
成败难以预料
The outcome is by no means certain.
第一只猎豹被赶跑
The first cheetah is driven off.
它的兄弟已经犯下关键错误
And his brothers have already made a critical mistake.
它们距离太远，无法接手攻击
They aren't close enough to take over the attack.
每只猎豹都在追逐不同目标
Each is chasing a different target,
斑马因此能够轻松保护孩子
making it easy for the zebra to defend their young.
一只两百五十公斤的公斑马 最后阻断了猎豹的机会
A quarter-tonne stallion finally puts paid to their chances.
追逐不同斑马，绝对会导致失败
Chasing different zebra was bound to lead to failure.
猎豹兄弟或许过于心急了
Perhaps their enthusiasm got the better of them.
它们必须卷土重来
They must try again.
猎豹兄弟 在肯亚峰山脚下再次聚集
In the shadow of Mount Kenya, the brothers regroup.
它们猎捕斑马犯的错误
Their mistake with the zebra
就是像普通猎豹一样单独行动
was to hunt as ordinary cheetahs do - as individuals.
要抓住这种猎物，必须以不同于 其他猎豹的方式出猎
To catch such prey, they must hunt like no other cheetahs.
这表示它们必须团结一致
That means acting together, as one.
猎豹兄弟重新出发
They start again.
鸵鸟的体重 和攻击力都胜过猎豹
An ostrich outweighs and outguns a single cheetah.
这次它们只针对一个目标
This time there's only one target.
三只猎豹都全力出击
And all three cheetahs are onto it.
第三只猎豹开始扼杀鸵鸟
The third brother starts to throttle the ostrich.
即使已经倒地，鸵鸟仍有威胁
Even off its feet, it's still dangerous.
猎豹兄弟已经 找到捕杀猎物的独特方法
The brothers have found a unique way of catching their prey.
发明这类全新猎捕策略的能力
The ability to invent such novel hunting tactics
是哺乳动物独有的特质
is one thing that really sets mammals apart.
但哺乳动物本身 也会成为掠食动物的目标
But mammals themselves can also be targets for predators,
猎物也必须发展特殊战术
and the hunted also need to devise special tactics.
这是围绕死海的沙漠
The desert shores of the Dead Sea.
在这里生活实在是不容易
Living here is difficult indeed.
现在是三月
It's March,
在这片巨大悬崖高处
and high on these cathedral cliffs,
野山羊已经产下宝宝
ibex have given birth.
刚出生几天的小羊 在与世隔绝的崖顶
For the first few days the kids were kept safe,
很安全
isolated on the cliff tops.
但现在野山羊碰上一个问题
But now the ibex have a problem.
唯一的食物和水源 位于下方远处的峡谷底部
The only food and water is far below at the bottom of the gorge.
那里也有掠食动物埋伏
And that is where predators lurk.
如果要进食 这是无法避免的风险
If they're to feed, it's a risk they will have to take.
成年野山羊带头前进
The adults lead the way.
它们知道最安全的路径
They know the safest routes.
但是在这里 安全只是相对性的说法
Though safe, here, is a relative term.
小羊别无选择，只好跟着下山
The kids have no choice but to keep up.
踏错一步就可能摔死
One slip could be the last.
它们只能仰赖 在重压下伸展开的分趾蹄
Their only assets are cloven hooves that spread under load,
小羊拥有绝佳平衡感
astonishing balance...
以及令人称奇的敏捷性
..and the most uncanny agility.
不到一周大的小羊 已展现出大无畏的个性
Barely a week old, they are utterly fearless.
学会在这片悬崖行动 是它们存活的关键
Learning to negotiate these cliffs is central to their survival.
但现在这个野山羊家族 必须提防掠食动物出现
But now the family must be on guard against predators.
大家都把握机会啃食枝叶
All grab a chance to browse.
跟在队伍尾端的 最后一只小羊快到谷底了
Trailing behind, the last youngster is almost down.
然后直接跑向麻烦
And runs right into trouble.
这只狐狸
A fox.
早就等着离群的猎物出现
It's been waiting for the straggler.
这只小羊没见过狐狸 但它知道自己身陷险境
The kid has never seen a fox before, but knows it's in real peril.
当它回头跑上悬崖 似乎是自找麻烦
It appears to be running into more trouble, as it heads back up the cliff.
狐狸试着赶过它
The fox tries to gain the higher ground.
但小羊已经找到只有野山羊
But the kid has found safety
能站稳的安全陡峭岩面
on a face so steep that only an ibex could stand there.
今天早上下山学会的技巧 救了小羊一命
The lessons learnt on this morning's descent have saved its life.
狐狸终于决定放弃 不再白费力气
Finally, the fox gives it up as a bad job...
或许是突然发现 自己站在危险悬崖上
..perhaps suddenly aware it's standing on a precipice.
这只野山羊虽然年幼 仍以智慧战胜
Despite its tender age,
最精明的掠食动物
the ibex has outwitted one of the canniest of predators.
这只狐狸的失败 象征掠食动物面临的困境
The fox's failure epitomises a predator's plight.
多数的猎食行动都难有成果
Most hunts fail,
所以掠食动物要不断发明新策略
so hunters are continually devising new tactics.
在中美贝里斯的雨林
The rainforests of Belize in Central America.
到了大雨停歇的傍晚
And as evening falls and the shower comes to an end,
有一只掠食动物展开猎食
a predator begins to hunt.
这是牛头犬蝠
The greater bulldog bat.
它是会飞行的哺乳动物
A flying mammal...
以捕鱼为生
..and a fisherman.
一条在水面下游动的鱼 造成明显的涟漪
A fish swimming just below the surface creates tell-tale ripples
只需这样 牛头犬蝠就能发现猎物
and that is all the bat needs to detect them.
以时速六十五公里飞行
With little more than a fin to aim for,
只要瞄准一片鱼鳍
and whilst flying at 40 miles an hour,
牛头犬蝠就能出其不意的捕鱼
the bat takes the fish completely unawares.
如果有鱼群散布在水中
If the shoal scatters...
它就在水面拖钓
..the bat trawls the surface.
擦掠过水面，试着勾起一条鱼
Raking the water, trying to snag a fish.
这只牛头犬蝠 无法独占最佳渔场太久
He won't have the best fishing spot to himself for long,
它的同伴很快就出现
and soon, other bats arrive.
老是担心会迎头撞上同伴 就无法捕鱼
Oncoming traffic would make grabbing a fish almost impossible,
所以牛头犬蝠 会按喇叭避免对撞
so the bats avoid collisions by honking -
发出低八度音的叫声 就表示“小心，我来了”
dropping their calls an octave to say, "Look out, here I come!"
不久后鱼群要不是被抓光 就是逃走了
Soon the shoal has either been captured or has fled,
牛头犬蝠也跟着离开
and the bats move on.
这样的技巧需要练习
Skills like this take practice,
有些哺乳动物从小就开始锻炼
and for some mammals that practice begins in infancy.
这只小白鼬
A young stoat.
身边有同伴
And it's not alone.
这些狂野游戏让人难以抗拒
These wild games are too much to resist.
跟踪，追逐和突袭 都透过游戏练习
Stalking, chasing and ambushing, all practised in play.
小白鼬很快就必须自己猎食
Soon the young stoats must hunt for themselves,
到时这些运动技巧将成为关键
and then these athletic skills will be crucial.
这是九月的英国乡间
It's September in the English countryside.
这只白鼬将对抗 比自己体型大十倍的敌手
This stoat is about to take on an adversary ten times its size.
直接冲上前太危险
It's too dangerous to rush straight in.
相反的 白鼬的目标是耗损兔子的体力
Instead, the stoat's aim is to wear the rabbit down.
兔子出现疲态 耐力十足的白鼬
The rabbit is flagging,
开始占上风
and the stoat's stamina is starting to make a difference.
但只有耐力还不够 它仍得压制兔子
But stamina alone is not enough the rabbit must still be overpowered.
它咬住兔子的后颈 成功扑杀
A bite to the back of the neck and a kill.
白鼬自小锻炼得来的惊人敏捷性
The incredible agility of the stoat, practised since it was a kit,
足以让它扭转乾坤
was just enough to swing the balance.
有时光是体力 还不够让猎人
There are times when mere physical powers
取得优势
are not enough to give the hunter an edge.
这时哺乳动物就必须 动用最精密的武器，那就是智慧
Then mammals must deploy their most sophisticated weapon - their brains.
佛罗里达湾的泥泞海底 出现奇特图案
Strange patterns are visible in the mud of Florida Bay,
这是一种 独特猎捕策略的模糊提示
a faint hint of a unique hunting tactic.
始作俑者就是它们
The perpetrators...
这是瓶鼻海豚
..bottlenose dolphins.
它们正在出任务 它们要去捕鱼
And they're on a mission - a mission to catch fish.
这里的鱼很难抓到 在这样的浅水处
The fish here are very difficult to catch
鱼群应该很安全
and in such shallow water they ought to be safe.
但这群海豚早有计划
Yet the dolphins have a plan.
它们已经学会合作围捕鱼群