文明（2018）

Civilisations S01E07

Part 6 Feb. 24, 2021, 4:17 p.m.

and as popular as a Hokusai print.
也如葛饰北斋的作品那般受大众喜爱
With this epiphany in mind,
怀着这份顿悟
Vincent gathered all the intensity of his spiritual longing
文森特集中自己所有的渴望
into one all-consuming obsession -
全身心投入到了
how to bring heaven to earth and turn it into a painting.
将天堂带到俗世并绘入油画的研究中
So on a warm night in September in 1888,
1888年九月的一个温暖夜晚
he comes down from his little apartment
他走出位于阿尔勒市
in Place Lamartine in Arles
拉马丁广场的小公♥寓♥
and goes around the corner and he sees this.
绕过拐角然后看到了这样一番景象
《隆河上的星夜》 1888年
文森特·梵高
Great expanse of the River Rhone
宽阔的隆河河面
with the city of Arles reduced to a little rim of human activity,
以及边角处的阿尔勒小镇居民
lit by rather sulphurous gas lights.
被硫磺色的气灯照亮
And somehow, this amazing moment speaks to him
不知何故他仿佛听到这一奇妙时刻向他诉说
that he can actually do this cosmic painting.
画下了这幅群星璀璨的油画
And he creates a kind of compositional double trinity.
他创造了一种双重三位一体构图
The first trinity is of land and water and sky.
第一个三位一体是陆地水面和天空
And the land is this little spit of the bank
陆地由画中一小点河岸
with those very Japanese boats tied up in the harbour there.
以及停泊在港口的几艘日式小船构成
Then comes the river and then comes the burning night sky,
其次是隆河然后是熠熠夜空
delivered in great pulsing brushstrokes
这些都用充满脉动的笔触
of heavily-loaded aquamarine.
以及厚重的海蓝色所描绘
And the three of them, land, water and sky,
陆地水面和天空
are all melting and dissolving together.
这三元素逐渐融合直至浑然一体
And the second trinity,
第二个三位一体
the one which really was most important, was that of light.
其中最重要的莫过于采光
The gas lamps are just indicated by
煤气灯仅用深黄色的色块
a kind of stab of crusty, dark yellow.
被一笔带过
And then those gas lamps are reflected
这些煤气灯被反射在
in the second element of the trinity lights.
第二种光线元素中
Beautiful reflections which soften their harshness.
美丽的倒影使光线变得柔和
And these kind of fans of heavily-loaded brushstrokes
而这种厚涂出的光影
just fall into the water.
就这么坠入水中
And the third level of the lights
第三层光线
is Ursa Major exploding in the sky.
是天空中闪耀的大熊座
Taking his brush, he squashes it against the canvas,
他在画布上使劲挤压笔刷
and on top of that, another brush loaded with lead white,
又用另一把沾满铅白颜料的刷子
and the points go, jab-jab-jab-jab-jab!
在上面"戳戳戳"点上光点
And those stars and everything explodes,
所有的星星所有的一切都爆裂开来
and he knows he's got it.
他知道他找到了
He's got what he's been looking for.
他找到了他一直以来所追寻的东西
He's got this extraordinary sense of us in the universe,
他找到了我们在浩瀚宇宙中的非凡感觉
and this couple of lovers are staring out,
这对情侣凝视着这番景象
feeling what he wants us to feel.
感受着他想让我们所感受的
He said, you don't need to go to church.
他说你不用去教堂
The church of the day is this.
今日教堂就在这里
This great illumination,
这极好的光线
like a burst of beauty from a stained-glass window.
像彩色玻璃窗中迸发出的美
This is the radiance of here and now.
这就是此刻此地的光芒
Van Gogh didn't live to see his rapture on canvas become
梵高没有得以看到他在画布上的雀跃
the new church of colour for untold millions.
成为无数后人的新色彩教堂
His own mind skidded into darkness and self-destruction.
他自己的思想则陷入黑暗和自我毁灭
But eventually, one painter would deliver
但最终梵高对艺术救赎力量的希望
on Van Gogh's promise of art's redemptive power - Henri Matisse.
得以由另一位画家亨利·马蒂斯来传达
But unlike Monet and Van Gogh, Matisse would look not to Japan,
与莫奈和梵高不同马蒂斯的视野不在日本
but to the art of other, non-European traditions
他在其他的非欧洲传统艺术中
in his search for a people's art of instinctive colour.
寻找人类艺术中的本真色彩
And it was the art of Islam that pulled him most strongly.
而其中最吸引他的就是伊♥斯♥兰♥教艺术
Visiting Tangier in 1912 and 1913,
在1912年和1913年拜访丹吉尔时
Matisse saw that in Islamic culture, art was everywhere.
马蒂斯看到在伊♥斯♥兰♥文化中艺术无处不在
In the mosque, on the street, in carpets and clothes.
清♥真♥寺里街上地毯上衣服上
And in its sensuous embrace of decoration,
西方社会长♥期♥认为这是一种低俗流派装饰
long written off by the West as an inferior genre,
但被这种由装饰带来的感官冲击包围
Matisse saw the essence of a truly modern,
马蒂斯看到的是真正现代的
inclusively-universal art.
包罗万象的艺术的本质
And so, while here, Matisse brought east and west together
在这里马蒂斯把伊♥斯♥兰♥的色彩和装饰
by combining Islamic colour and decoration
与基♥督♥教崇拜的圣像相结合
with the iconography of Christian worship.
将东西方结合在一起
A triptych - three paintings hung together like an altarpiece.
三联画三幅油画像祭坛画一样挂在一起
《摩洛哥人》 1912-13年
亨利·马蒂斯
On either side, portals to better, brighter worlds.
两侧的画是通向更好更光明世界的入口
And in the centre, in the place of a Madonna,
而中间那幅画中在圣母玛利亚的位置上
a local girl enthroned in luminous blue/green.
则是一位穿着亮蓝绿色衣裳的当地女孩
Not quite the ultramarine of the virgin, but still.
这并非是圣母衣袍的天青色但十分相似
When Matisse got back to France,
马蒂斯回到法国以后
everything he'd experienced in Tangier,
他在丹吉尔所经历的一切
the hot, glowing light,
炙热的阳光
the intense saturated colour he'd seen
人们的衣服上建筑的墙上
on the clothes of people and on the walls of houses,
呈现的强烈饱和色
the graceful, flowing lines of Islamic ornamentation
以及伊♥斯♥兰♥装饰优雅流畅的线条
all came together.
都在他脑海中汇聚
Not just to make an extraordinary ensemble of paintings,
他不仅创作了一系列非凡的画作
but something that was completely unanticipated
还创作了一些在当时
in his work so far.
完全出乎意料的作品
And, more importantly,
更重要的是
which would take art into a completely new place.
这将把艺术带入一个全新的领域
No artist had ever been taken seriously before using scissors
从没有一个艺术家曾真正把剪纸当回事
and coloured paper, but by the 1940s,
直到二十世纪四十年代
Matisse saw that the deceptive innocence of the form
马蒂斯发现剪纸的大繁若简
was THE key to that universal language of colour
正是他一生所追寻的
and flowing line he'd been hunting all his life.
颜色与流线的通用语言的关键点
Channelling childhood experiences of circus acts
凭着童年时期对马戏表演的经验
with dancing bodies and organic forms,
以及通过舞蹈形体和有机物态
Matisse created his cut-outs -
马蒂斯创作了他的剪辑
childlike images that bound and leap
富有童趣的图片随着
with the rhythms and energy of life.
生命的律动和能量而跳跃
He's working now like a paper sculptor,
他现在像一个纸雕塑家
almost as if he's creating
好像在创作一本
the ultimate illustrated children's book.
终极版儿童插画读物
But he's carving directly into colour.
但他直接就进行彩色剪纸
He's letting this blazing colour actually build the forms.
他让这鲜艳的颜色真正有了形态
And he's working very, very fast.
他创作速度非常非常快
It's all exuberant, spontaneous instinct.
都源自生机勃勃的自发本能
These lines leap and bound
这些线条在空间里
and loop and somersault over the space.
飞跃弹跳回转翻腾
The space itself is filled
这个空间自身充满了
with a kind of extraordinary animation.
一种非凡的生机
The speed and the freedom is such
这样的速度与自♥由♥
that he'd never been able to do when he was painting.
是他在绘画时无法做到的
And you have the sense that he feels
你会觉得他认为
painting is too studious and laborious.
绘画太耗费精力
And what the cut-outs
而这些剪辑
are a great uncorking of creative energy.
却是创造力的一次奔泻
It's as though there's some sort of electricity
这就好像有一股电流
that's now pulsing and surging through those old hands of his.
在他苍老的手中跳动和翻涌
《伊卡洛斯》出自《爵士》
亨利·马蒂斯
If it seems as though they were created in a wash of pleasure,
似乎它们是在一阵喜悦中被创造出来的
the truth was very different.
但事实却很不一样
It was 1943. France was occupied.
那是在1943年法国沦陷
Matisse was distraught.
马蒂斯忧心如焚
His family in peril.
他的家人危在旦夕
There, blazingly lit, are the bombs of WWII.
这里闪烁的亮光是二战中的炸♥弹♥
There, too, amidst the jumps for joy,
这里除了有欣喜的跳跃
the fragile bodies and bleeding hearts.
还有脆弱的躯体和流血的心脏
Allusions, perhaps, to Matisse's miraculous survival
这也许是对马蒂斯在肠癌手术后
from surgery for cancer of the bowel.
奇迹般活下来的一种隐射
But this was resistance from the wheelchair,
但这其实是对轮椅的抵抗
the life-force in a mist of death.
是死气沉沉中不熄的生命力
And so, at the age of 78,
因此在他七十八岁时
when one of Matisse's convalescent nurses-turned-nun
那位曾帮助马蒂斯康复的护士已成为修女