文明（2018）

Civilisations S01E07

Part 2 Feb. 24, 2021, 4:17 p.m.

There, outrageously front and centre,
画面前方正中用色狂放
painted in ultramarine mixed with some rose and white
用混合着些许玫红和白色的深蓝色
is a waterfall sleeve of Venetian colour
画就了一只如瀑的袖子
drowning classical stone.
仿若威尼斯碧水下的沉石
Ten years later, Titian would unleash this same colour
十年后提香又将同样的颜色
with even fuller force in his stupendous masterpiece
更大胆地用在了他的惊世之作
Bacchus And Ariadne.
《酒神巴克斯与阿里阿德涅》中
It's a moment of supercharged romantic voltage,
这是个激♥情♥四射的瞬间
《酒神巴克斯与阿里阿德涅》 1520-3
提香
the helpless rush of unexpected love
在扭曲的激♥情♥中阿里阿德涅翩然起舞
that takes place in a dancing twist of passion.
爱情不期而至冲动难以克制
Ariadne, abandoned by her lover, Perseus,
阿里阿德涅被她的爱人珀耳修斯所抛弃
spins round to lock eyes with the god of wine,
蓦然回首却对上了酒神的目光
who launches himself from his chariot,
酒神立刻跳出了他的车架
jet-propelled by desire.
渴望驱使他冲向他的爱人
And it's a picture that is constructed out of these
这幅画作是由两种不同的
two different dynamics of colour.
色彩动态构成的
Bacchus's riotous gang
酒神巴克斯狂放的随从
are coming from these earthy green,
从右边这片绿色的土地上
brown colours of the woods on the right
棕色的林子里跑了出来
and it's all moving towards
他们都一股脑地
this beautiful limpid blue area
冲向这个靓丽的蓝色♥区♥域
in which this tragic heroine is standing there
这位悲情的女主角正站在这个区域中
waiting for the touch of Bacchus's love.
等待酒神巴克斯的爱的安抚
On one side,
这一边
the profane colours of animal energy and sexual love.
有的是动物能量和性♥欲♥之爱的世俗色彩
Titian's fleshy, blushing naturalism
提香将充满肉♥欲♥让人脸红的自然主义
on full display.
表现得淋漓尽致
On the other, the colour of the heavens
另一边则是神圣的天堂之色
where Ariadne will be transformed
阿里阿德涅终将升上天空
It's an irony, I suppose, that Venice,
我想这非常讽刺渐渐地
generally thought to be the most mercenary
人们都认为威尼斯文化是所有文化中
and materialist of all cultures
最商业化最流于物质的
thought that its art was above all spiritual.
而他们的艺术却充满了神性
That it was about looks,
威尼斯艺术注重视觉效果
about gospel radiance,
注重展现福音的光辉
about the sheer weightlessness of saturated colour.
注重饱满色泽带来的纯粹和轻盈
Even the most pure and dazzling marble
就算是最洁白耀眼的大理石
kept you on the ground,
也不能让你脱尘出世
but surrender to colour, and you took off.
但身处色彩间却能有羽化登仙之感
You ascended into the dizzy imperium
让你上升至炫目多彩的
of the painterly paradise.
绘画天堂
The Venetian style had a good run
威尼斯流派盛行
but by the end of the 17th century,
但到了十七世纪末
its intoxication with colour and the dancing line
其对色彩与跃动线条的一贯沉醉
came to seem too in love with pleasure
显得太过流于俗世享乐
for an age that had become dominated
与当时被强权帝国统治的时代背景
by heavyweight empires.
格格不入
Now, when grandiose patrons built their baroque mega-palaces,
当土财主们斥金打造巴洛克式大宫殿时
they wanted sober classicism
他们要的是肃穆的古典主义
to project their omnipotent power.
以凸显他们至高无上的权力
But there was one place,
但有一个地方
时拥有政教二重权力的主教
指以教会诸侯的身份治理著一个或是多个公国
where the Venetian magic with light and air
在那里威尼斯流派混合光线与空气的魔力
had one last performance to deliver.
最后一次上演
The largest ceiling fresco ever painted.
它是有史以来最大的天花板壁画
Painted in the 1750s
十八世纪五十年代
by the Venetian artist Giambattista Tiepolo,
由威尼斯艺术家贾姆巴蒂斯塔·提埃坡罗创作
it's a vision of Apollo the sun god
所呈现的是太阳神阿波罗
illuminating the four continents of the world.
照亮世上四块大♥陆♥的画面
It's a standard baroque subject,
这是典型的巴洛克题材
but here Tiepolo uses colour and movement
但提埃坡罗运用颜色和动态
to create something revolutionary.
创造了革命性的作品
Impossible to take in all at once,
由于无法将全部景致尽收眼底
he's designed it to unfold as you ascend the staircase.
他将其设计为随着楼梯上升而慢慢展开
And it works in the opposite way from what you would expect.
但这一切与你预想的可能完全不同
If at first you are pulled into the golden light of heaven,
如果一开始你被天堂的金色光辉吸引
the higher you climb,
当你走得越高
the more you are brought down to earth.
就越感到被拉回人间
Until you come face-to-face not with the divine
直到你面前不再是神
but with all the colours of the human world.
而是人世间的种种色彩
Tiepolo really reinvents what it means to look at a painting,
提埃坡罗完全改写了欣赏画作的体验
what a painting is.
改写了绘画的含义
You can walk all around this space, he wants you to do it.
你可以在这里到处走动他希望你如此
The figures move, they're endlessly animated.
人物也在移♥动♥ 他们永远生机勃勃
This is a world in motion.
这是一个运动的世界
It is a commotion of figures.
这是人物的躁动
It's almost as though he anticipates movie directors
就好像他已经是一位电影导演
in his insistence that everything floats, everything is elastic,
坚持所有的事物要有浮动感和灵活性
and there's a word for that, and that word is freedom.
可用一个词概括那就是自♥由♥
This has to be one of the most stupendous demonstrations
这是最能展现
of the spectacular power of painting.
绘画惊人力量的作品之一
This is meaty, earthy, sweaty humanity.
这就是夹杂着肉♥欲♥和汗水的真实人性
We are in the company of these figures
我们被这些人环绕
and almost none of them are looking at us.
但画里几乎没有人朝我们看
I don't think there's any other work in all of European art
我认为欧洲艺术中没有其他作品
where we see so many backs. Backs of bodies, backs of heads.
展示过如此多背部如此多后背和后脑勺
Everybody is oblivious to our presence.
没有人在意我们的存在
They're just getting on with what they have to do.
他们都在忙于自己的事情
The musicians are playing, the merchants are making money,
音乐家沉迷演奏商人忙于赚钱
and this sense of coming across a world
这种看见整个世界众生的感觉
gives us the feeling that this is all real.
让我们感到这些都是真实的
And you put those two qualities together, Tiepolo,
当你把提埃坡罗的这两种品质放在一起
his astonishing, exhilarating freedom
即他惊人的使人振奋的自♥由♥
and his instinct for the earthiness of human life
以及他将人类生活的真实性
translated into painting,
转化为画作的天分
and you know you have something that's radically fresh.
你就知道他的画作洋溢着非凡的才华
And the more you look, the more subversive it becomes.
你越看越感到其颠覆性
In Tiepolo's anthem to all the flora and fauna of the world,
在提埃坡罗给世上所有的动植物的赞歌♥中
Christianity has been reduced to two insignificant figures
基♥督♥教被缩减为两个不起眼的
carrying a cross,
拿着十字架的角色
and the ruling prince-bishop of Wurzburg
统治维尔茨堡宫的采邑主教
into just an image of an image,
只是一副画中画
being carried off into the clouds.
被抬上云中
Tiepolo's world of motion and light
提埃坡罗世界中的动作和光线
no longer belongs to rulers or gods
不再属于统治者或神
but to us.
而是属于我们
If in Europe, Tiepolo's colour drama was taking art away
如果说在欧洲提埃坡罗戏剧性的色彩
from a world of Christian devotion
让艺术脱离基♥督♥教信仰的世界
and into the material world of goods and men,
来到商品和人类的物质世界
then at the far end of European trade routes,
那么在欧洲贸易线路遥远的另一端
another culture's rapturous embrace of colour
一种文化对于颜色的狂热
would take it increasingly into the mystical and the divine.
给艺术不断增加神秘和神圣的色彩
This is the ancient Hindu festival of Holi.
这是古印度的侯丽节
One of the most sacred festivals in the Indian calendar.
它是印度历法上最神圣的节日之一
Every spring,
每年春天
revellers drown themselves in clouds of pure pigment
狂欢者置身于彩色颜料的云雾中
as a symbol of the joyous resurgence of life.
象征着欢乐的复活
In the early 18th century,
在十八世纪早期
this festival became the subject of a striking set of images
受命于焦特布尔大君该节日成为了一系列
commissioned by the Maharaja of Jodhpur.
著名绘画的主题
《在花♥园♥中庆祝侯丽节》(1729-32)
佚名
In them, colour becomes the symbol of karma,
在其中色彩成为因果报应的象征
sensory and sexual pleasure,
感观的性♥欲♥的欢愉
which in Hindu faith
这在印度教中
was one of the essential sacred goals of human life.
是人一生中最本质最神圣的目标之一
In the 1770s,
到了十八世纪七十年代
the paintings then left the world of courtly pleasure behind
绘画不再取材于宫廷内的欢愉
to illustrate the ancient tales of the Hindu epics.
转而刻画印度史诗中的古老传说
The people's stories
人们的故事