文明（2018）

Civilisations S01E03

Part 1 Feb. 24, 2021, 4:15 p.m.

When your world is collapsing,
当你身边的世界正在崩塌
when everything is closing in...
当你穷途末路
..What you want is to be somewhere else.
你想要的就是离开
Somewhere you can breathe in peace.
去一个你可以平静呼吸的地方
A scrap of beauty, far from the noise and ugliness.
一个美丽的地方远离喧嚣丑陋的世界
But, if there is no escape, then you go there in your dreams...
但如果无路可逃那么你会在梦中去到那里
..And you paint that landscape into existence.
并将那片景象绘于纸上
《清筠涼川》(1977-79)
木心
This is what happened in China
这正是二十世纪七十年代
in the 1970s to the artist Mu Xin.
中国画家木心的亲身经历
During Mao Zedong's Cultural Revolution,
在毛♥泽♥东♥发起的文♥革♥期间
he was an obvious target.
他是个显而易见的目标
Middle-class, intellectual,
中产阶级知识分子
a lover of decadent, Western art.
一个腐朽的西方艺术的崇拜者
Mu Xin was subjected to solitary confinement,
木心被单独关押
forced labour and then house arrest.
强迫劳动最后被软禁
But the paper supplied for weekly confessions
但是每周供他写"坦白书"的纸
became the material of his liberation.
恰恰变成了解放他的工具
《山阴古道》(1977-79)
木心
Mu Xin broke out of his confinement by making visible,
木心冲破了外界对他的监禁
albeit in deadly secrecy,
在极度隐秘中
the landscapes which unfolded in his mind.
将他脑海中的风景绘于纸上
The art memory of China, its peaks and its valleys.
中国的艺术记忆有起有伏
《梦回西湖》(1977-79)
木心
The culture which had given the rest of the world,
这个文化古国早在一千年以前
1,000 years before,
就向世界展示了
true landscape art.
风景画的真谛
While everything else was being smashed up,
当其他一切都被打碎
he was determined
木心却坚信
that art, now judged a reactionary crime,
被判为反♥动♥罪行的绘画艺术
would survive.
一定会生存下来
Like nature itself,
和自然界相似
landscape art has always been an antidote
风景画一直是化解人世间
to the anarchy wrought by the hand of man.
种种动♥乱♥纷争的一剂良药
Yet it's rarely a depiction of the way the world is,
然而与其说是对世界的客观描绘
but a vision of the way we would like it to be.
风景画更多的是表达我们对世界的愿景
Sometimes it delivers a sense of harmony
有时它传达了自然与人类之间的
between nature and humanity.
一种和谐感
Sometimes, it's a picture of a nation's home.
有时它是丹青勾勒的家国故土
Sometimes, it's a dream of heaven writ in fabric.
有时它是经纬编织的梦中天堂
Or glimpsed through a lens.
又有时它是透镜折射的刹那风光
But, most of all, it's a way to understand our civilisation
但最重要的它是一个理解我们文明的方法
and to behold that most terrifying
让我们感悟大千世界中最令人恐惧
and thrilling of all truths:
却又最令人振奋的真♥相♥
our place in the cosmos.
浩瀚宇宙中我们生存的地方
第三集
文明
西蒙·沙玛为您呈现
画卷天堂
"The nation is broken, but mountains and rivers remain."
"国破山河在"
Those words could have come from Mu Xin in the 1970s,
1970年代木心可能发出的这句感叹
but, actually, they were written 1,000 years earlier.
其实早在千年之前就已被写就
In the early 10th century,
在十世纪早期
China was torn apart by endless civil war.
无尽的内战让中国四分五裂
As feuding states vied for power,
各割据邦国之间争权夺势
they burned cities and towns, and slaughtered their people.
烧毁城镇屠♥杀♥百姓
Yet it was out of this anarchy and chaos
而正是在这兵荒马乱之中
that the Chinese tradition of landscape painting first blossomed
一种伟大的艺术形式中国传统山水画
as the great subject of art.
开始蓬勃发展
《晴栾萧寺图》(10世纪)
李成
For the Song dynasty, who finally triumphed in the year 960,
对于在公元960年获得最终胜利的宋朝而言
landscape art represented both a glimpse of a better world
山水画不仅代表了对于更美好世界的期许
and a means to unite this shattered country.
同时也是统一这破碎山河的一种方式
I'm looking at a document
我面前是一幅
that attests to a profound alteration in human sensibility,
彰显了人类情感深刻变化的画作
because it was in Song China that,
因为正是在宋代中国
for the first time, landscape painting with ink and brush
用墨和毛笔绘就的山水画第一次成为了
became the true and absolute sign
展现人类文明的真正的
of what civilisation was,
确凿无疑的标志
both for those who practised it and for those who owned
不论是对画师而言还是对那些收藏
these precious scrolls.
这些珍贵画卷的人而言
This painting is more than 1,000 years old.
这幅画已经有一千多年的历史了
And it's thought to be by one of the first
它被认为是中国第一批
truly great landscape artists, Li Cheng.
真正山水画画家之一的李成所作
Dominating the scroll are mountains,
画卷中的主体是山
symbols of the Song dynasty.
象征着宋王朝
The biggest, most imposing peak is the Emperor,
最高大最雄伟的山峰代表皇帝
the lesser peaks are his ministers.
较小一些的山峰代表文武百官
Li Cheng's message is
李成想要表现的
that this is the protecting force
是一座护国柱石
beneath which China can recover its harmony
庇护着中国再造太平
and rebuild its civilisation.
重建文明
He's an absolutely brilliant painter of human activity,
他绝对是一位表现人物的天才画师
from man on a donkey
不管是骑驴过客
to people having their meal,
还是饮食人家
to perhaps dumplings being cooked in the back kitchen there.
还是在后厨也许煮着水饺的厨人
And this bottom half of the scroll is crowded,
而且画卷下半幅非常丰富热闹
not just with people, there's all sorts of things going on.
不仅有人还呈现了乡间百态
This is our world, this is the place we inhabit.
这是我们的世界是我们生活的地方
This is more than mere propaganda.
这不再单纯是一种宣传
Li Cheng asks profound questions,
李成提出了一个很深刻的问题
which go to the heart of our relationship
直接点出了我们和周遭世界
with the world around us.
关系的核心
As our eye ascends through the painting,
我们随着这幅画往上看
so our whole approach to it
我们对于这幅画的解读
also ascends to a higher order of question.
也上升到了更高的层次
Right in the visual centre of this beautiful painting
在这幅绝美图景的视觉中心点上
is the temple itself,
是一座山寺
and the temple is almost more important
而这座寺庙的重要性
than the whole mountain.
简直要盖过山峦
It is the place of equipoise, the place of peace.
这是一个平衡点是平静祥和的所在
Above the temple, there is no human action at all,
自寺庙之上再无人类活动
and Li Cheng has changed the wash of the ink.
李成的用墨也随之改变
It's lighter, finer, more ethereal.
这里的用墨更淡雅细致更加缥缈
So this is a borderland
所以这就是尘世
between the human and the spiritual world,
和精神世界的分隔地带
and gradually we move up
慢慢往上看
and face the greatest questions of all.
我们就要面对几个重要的问题
What is nature?
什么是自然
What lies beyond surface appearance?
万物表象之下是什么本质
What truly moves the universe?
又是什么真正推动着宇宙前行
And how, above all,
以及最重要的一点
does the dialogue between flowing water
就是流水与被蚀穿的坚劲山石之间
and the adamant face of that eroded rock
究竟有着怎样的对话
bring us harmony
才带来了和谐
and bring us what everybody in China wanted -
带来了中华大地上人人期盼的
happiness and peace?
安宁和乐的太平治世
Li Cheng offers us a glimpse of who we are
李成将熙攘众生的细碎百态
by linking the comings and goings of our little lives
和浩渺世界的宏伟大观联结起来
to the majesty of the cosmos.
让我们得以一窥内心的真我
And that sense of fit between things mortal and things eternal
而这种消逝与永恒之间的契合平衡
fills the mind with the ancient Confucian sense of rightness.
让人心中凛然体味到上古儒家真意
Everything in its ordained place.
一切皆归正位
This is how life is supposed to be.
而这便是生活应有的样子
So powerful was the message that, within a century,
这一思想是如此有力以致于不到百年
landscape art had sunk deep roots
山水画便将其根脉深植于
into the culture of Song China.
宋代中国的文化之中
New painting academies flourished where it was practised.
而与此同时新的画派层出不穷
Weighty tomes were written about its philosophy and technique.
也有许多书卷记载了各画派的理念及技巧
To be Chinese meant to be civilised
身为华夏子民意味着文明开化
and to be civilised meant to paint,
而文明开化少不了提笔作画
above all, landscapes.
其中最重要的就是山水画