文明（2018）

Civilisations S01E05

Part 7 Feb. 24, 2021, 4:16 p.m.

One angle of the parallelogram
整个平行四边形的一个角
is made by that rhythm of the lines,
是由这些线条构成的
of the spear, the gun, the partisan.
矛枪还有游击队员
On the other hand, it's made by the baton of the captain,
另一条线是队长的指挥杖
the musket, the gorgeous flag of the Kloveniers.
火枪和火枪队美丽的旗帜
And if you think about it,
如果你仔细想一想
those two lines converge at an kind of arrowhead
这两条线相交成了箭头状
and the arrowhead appropriately is the commander.
而这箭头恰好就是指挥官
The Night Watch is a perfect miracle
《夜巡》完美融合了
of dynamism and discipline together.
活力与秩序
And that's the living ethos
这种生动的精神面貌
that Rembrandt is trying to communicate.
正是伦勃朗想要表现的
In his boiling brain,
在他高度活跃的思绪中
he reckons he's doing the overstuffed patricians a favour.
他觉得他是在帮那些笨拙的贵族们
They no longer pose and preen, they act.
他们不再故作姿态而是鲜活起来
And the fact that it's a painting about freedom with order
这幅画表现了秩序中的自♥由♥
makes it an extraordinary moment,
这使其不仅成为了
not just in the history of painting,
艺术史上的伟大瞬间
but it's a moment in the history of civilisation, too.
也成为了文明史上的伟大瞬间
Amsterdam is beating not only the drum,
阿姆斯特丹不仅在击鼓
but its own chest, saying,
也是在锤着胸膛说
"We can be free, but we are also strong and disciplined."
"我们是自♥由♥的但我们也坚强有序"
This is the visual declaration of republican liberty.
这从视觉上宣告了共和自♥由♥
Watch out, art, but watch out, the world.
让艺术看清楚也让全世界看清楚
Nothing, you'd suppose,
你可能觉得
could be further from the unleashed energy
《夜巡》中蕴含的
that produced the Night Watch
自♥由♥自在的力量
than the controlled refinement of Indian Mughal art.
与印度莫卧儿艺术中克制的精致相差甚远
But Rembrandt, who had a lifelong fascination
但伦勃朗却很喜欢它们
with non-European cultures, was in love with them.
他一生都痴迷于欧洲之外的文化
In the 1650s he began to draw his version of miniatures,
十七世纪五十年代他开始画他自己的细密画
which had found their way to Amsterdam
这种绘画大概是通过
probably as copies through the East India Company.
东印度公♥司♥的复♥制♥品传到了阿姆斯特丹
Rembrandt responded to the miniatures
伦勃朗在细密画中
with his own graceful pen and ink variations,
加入了他独有的笔墨变化
all rich with what he loved best -
里面都饱含着他的最爱
human interest.
人情味
A group of Sufi sheiks.
一群苏菲派谢赫
The bond between father and son,
父子纽带
a favourite Rembrandt theme.
伦勃朗最爱的主题
Some of the miniatures he copied still exist
他复♥制♥的一些细密画现在还留有原作
and they make a fascinating contrast with Rembrandt's versions.
它们与伦勃朗的版本形成了鲜明对比
This is a painting of the Emperors Akbar and Jahangir.
这幅画画的是阿克巴和贾汉吉尔大帝
Rembrandt keeps the profile,
伦勃朗保留了人物
but ditches the formalism for humane naturalism,
但是摈弃了形♥式♥主♥义♥ 转为人道自然主义
the rulers become characters.
统治者变成了普通人物
Father and son look each other in the eye
画面呈现了贾汉吉尔给阿克巴递书时
as Jahangir hands Akbar a book.
父子对视的情景
A Mughal portrait of Jahangir's son,
这幅莫卧儿时期的贾汉吉尔儿子肖像画
Shah Jahan On Horseback,
《马背上的沙贾汗》
is still and poised.
画中人静止稳健
But Rembrandt adds movement and action.
但是伦勃朗增加了举止动作
What Rembrandt's sketches show
伦勃朗的作品证明了
is that the tide of artistic inspiration also flowed
艺术灵感的潮流
from East to West.
也可以自西向东流淌
In the end, Rembrandt was a stay-at-home cultural traveller.
最终伦勃朗成了一位不出门的文化旅者
But what might he have made of the real thing?
但是他对现实中的它们又了解多少呢
Of the marbled perfection of Agra?
比如阿格拉完美的大理石艺术
Each building, a dialogue between curve and straight line.
每座建筑都是弧线和直线的对话
A civilisation as painterly in its architecture as in its art.
这个文明的建筑和它的艺术一样有绘画性
Another extraordinary dome.
又一个非凡的穹顶
A marble monument to love,
一座花了二十年建造的
20 years in the making.
爱的大理石纪念碑
The tribute of the Emperor Shah Jahan
寄托着沙贾汗对他去世的妻子
for his dead wife Mumtaz Mahal.
慕塔芝·玛哈的悼念
Grief and yearning translated into architectural poetry.
悲伤和怀念化作一座如诗的建筑
While European art was fizzing with experiment,
当欧洲的艺术还在忙于实验创新时
the Mughal's perfected royal elegies crafted in stone.
莫卧儿帝国已经用石头打造了完美的皇家挽歌♥
This building, the I'timad-ud-Daulah,
这座建筑小泰姬陵[国之栋梁]
is the first of their marble mausoleums
是莫卧儿第一座大理石陵墓
build a decade before the Taj Mahal.
早于泰姬陵十年建造
Some claim it's the most perfect building in India
有人说它是印度最完美的建筑
and I think they may be right.
我认为他们也许是对的
It too was a work of devotion,
它也是一件关于爱的作品
but this time designed by a cultivated woman,
但它是由一位有教养的女性设计的
Jahangir's favourite wife, Nur Jahan.
贾汉吉尔最喜爱的妻子努尔·贾汗
She was the child of a Persian father, Mirza Beg,
她的父亲米尔扎·贝格是波斯人
Jahangir's closest adviser.
是贾汉吉尔最亲近的谋士
When he died, Nur Jahan built a tomb for him
父亲去世后努尔·贾汗为他建造了
as handsome as any emperor's.
一座和皇陵一样美丽的陵墓
And looking at it, you would say her creation
欣赏它时你会不禁赞叹她的作品
is about as perfect as anything
和男子所能完成的
the hand of man can accomplish.
同样完美
And then you go inside and see this.
当你走进陵墓你会看到这个
Death in a jewel box.
珠宝盒中的死者
The chilly funereal marble
冰冷的大理石棺木
warmed by an uncountable myriad of gems.
被无数五彩斑斓的宝石所温暖
Encrusted in glowing paint, the ceiling burns.
天花板涂满了鲜艳的色彩绚烂如焰
And on the walls, in a technique borrowed from Italy
墙上的天堂花♥园♥ 是借鉴意大利
of planed-down jewels, a paradise garden.
珠宝打磨技术所制♥作♥的
There are images of flowers designed so naturalistically,
这些花的图像设计得如此自然主义
so scientifically, that
又如此有章法
they could have come straight from the pages
它们可能照搬于永远好奇的贾汉吉尔
of one of that endlessly curious Jahangir's great books.
某本伟大藏书中的一页
Here in the presence of the dead, we have an eternal springtime.
这里在死者面前我们拥有了永恒的春天
And that perhaps is both its glory and its limitation.
这可能既是它的光辉也是它的局限
The mausoleum is like a
这陵墓就像
page from one of Jahangir's picture books.
贾汉吉尔画册中的一页
And like those books, it's private and contained.
和这些书一样私密拘束
Every hint of the uneven roughness of life is smoothed away.
生活中的每一丝不公与艰难都被磨平
It couldn't be more different from European art,
与欧洲艺术大相径庭
with its earthy, subversive humanity,
欧洲艺术中的人性朴实颠覆性
the force of individual genius coming at you.
作者的个人天赋冲击你心
How different that is
这些特质
from the anonymous serenity of this royal tomb,
和这座皇家坟墓莫名的宁静是如此不同
a serenity that would all too soon be shattered.
然而这份宁静迟早会被打破
Out there, the western hurly-burly is getting ready to make
在外面西方的喧嚣正准备
terrible mischief, to
大肆破坏
smash its way into the domed heavenly vault,
一路闯进这座穹顶的天国陵墓
to stick its bloody, great brutal boots
用它血腥残忍♥的铁靴
right into the paradise garden.
踏破天堂花♥园♥
It'll make an empire based on machines, money
它将建立一个以机器金钱和火枪
and muskets.
为基础的帝国
And then, slowly but surely,
之后慢慢地但是肯定地
the Mughal Empire will disappear entirely
莫卧儿帝国会在它的典雅精致中
inside its courtly refinement,
完全消失
becoming inexorably just a cultural ornament.
无情地沦落为文化装饰品
So, after centuries of extraordinary flowering,
所以在几个世纪的繁荣鼎盛之后
did the Eastern Renaissance just simply wither away?
东方的文艺复兴就这么消失了吗
Not quite.
并不完全是
Because these delicate blooms and glowing jewels did survive.
因为这些精美的花朵和闪亮的珠宝留存了下来
They reappeared in what Europeans wore on their bodies
他们重新出现在欧洲人的穿着
and how they decorated their homes.
和家居装饰之中
Mughal domes appeared in Brighton.
莫卧儿穹顶出现在了英国布莱顿
Western art critics called that beauty decorative
西方艺术评论家称之为装饰品
to distinguish it from pictures they put in frames -
来将它和那些框起来的
what they considered "Real art".
他们所认为的"真正艺术"区分开来
But it was in the East that the ancient meaning of art as craft
但正是在东方工艺作为艺术的历史含义
was preserved in all its majestic splendour -
被保留且仍将出现在它所有的宏伟壮丽之中
and still is - because if the work of art is to intensify
因为如果艺术作品是为了通过图案和色彩