BBC：上帝如何造就英国人（2012）

英国国教牧师发起挑战
So they decided to defy
the parish's Anglican clergyman,
乔治.德鲁里牧师
Father George Drury.
孩子朝着村庄方向躺在棺材里
The boy came in his coffin
from the direction of the village.
与此同时,村里的两个大地主
At the same time,
the two main landowners
和一个伊普斯威奇的公理会牧师一起
together with one of the
Congregational ministers from Ipswich
从我们身后的田野里过来
准备在此给孩子行葬礼
came across the field behind us to
meet them here to conduct a service,
他们要在田野里做这件事
which they were going
to do in the field.
这件事让德鲁里大为光火
And this is the thing
that upset Drury.
他说,"不,我要让孩子入土为安
那么你们就行仪式好了"
He said, "No, I want to bury the boy,
THEN you can have your service."
他们老早就下决心
要给孩子行葬礼了
They were quite determined to have
the service before.
孩子的葬礼一团糟啊
What a mess at a child's funeral!
场面极端难看,就是说
双方差点动起手来
It was outrageous. I mean,
they came to blows, almost.
是否动过粗,双方各执一词
Whether one of them actually hit
the other is a matter of opinion.
德鲁里牧师公然受到挑战
他气得要命
Father Drury was so outraged
by the open challenge
他锁掉了教堂庭院的大门扬长而去
that he locked the churchyard gate
and walked off.
行葬礼的人扯开庭院的篱笆
The funeral party was left to
push their way through the hedge
将孩子葬在原先分配好的地块上
and bury the child themselves
in the allotted spot -
在教堂的北面,那里很不吉利
on the north,
unfavoured side of the church.
看看下面的铭文
"受苦的小孩子啊
Look at the inscription below -
"Suffer little children,
"不要禁止他们到我这儿来"
"forbid them not to come unto me"
- 这么说很严厉吧?
- 我认为非常严厉
- Now, that's pretty pointed, isn't it?
- It's very pointed, I think,
上面还写着
"因为在天国里正是如此"
after what went on here.
"For such is the Kingdom of Heaven."
这个传说老掉牙了
不过说真的,德鲁里牧师
It's a rotten story,
but really, Father Drury
是在合法行使他的权利对吗?
was within his rights,
wasn't he, legally?
是的,他想要阻止别人
在田间给孩子行葬礼
He was. He maybe overstepped the mark
by trying to interrupt the service
这一点或许是做得过分了
人家的行为也没有犯法
that was going on in the lane,
which was legal, if unusual.
但如果他坚持己见
那个孩子就能葬在教堂墓地里
But if he had had his way, the child
would have been put in the grave,
德鲁里还会撒上一把泥土
Drury would have thrown in
a handful of soil
然后离开,没人祈祷,什么也没有
and just walked off.
No prayers, no nothing,
因为他仅仅关心这点
孩子不是基♥督♥徒
because as far as he was concerned,
the child was not a Christian.
虽然如此,这对英国国教来说
也不是什么有利的消息,对吗?
Even so, it's not good publicity
for the Church of England, is it?
一点也不好,当地报纸都报导了
It's not at all, no. It got itself
into all the local papers.
报导非常详细
There was a very,
very detailed account of it
几天之内这个地方尽人皆知
within a couple of days
taking the place to pieces.
萨福克档案馆 伊普斯威奇分部
当地媒体措辞强烈
There was some strong
language in the local press,
特别是在读者来信这一页
拉什米尔的约翰.斯基特先生来函
particularly on the letters page.
Here's Mr John Skeet of Rushmere
专门谈到了有关葬仪的法律问题
on the subject
of the burial legislation.
"可耻,极不公正的法律"
"Vile, monstrous law!
"公正的英国法令受到了
下流的侮辱和玷污"
"Foul blot and stain
on fair England's statute book!"
"英国人还要继续冷漠地
允许这种可耻的恶行存在下去吗?"
"Will Englishmen continue coolly
to allow such a vile abomination?"
德鲁里亲自上阵予以反击
Well, Drury himself came in
for some hard words
他真的起诉了一家当地报刊的业主
and he actually sued
a local newspaper proprietor
他赢了官司
象征性地拿到了损害赔偿金
and he won his case,
but only with token damages
这桩事情成了全国性的丑闻
and now the whole thing
had become a national scandal.
<标准报>发出如下声音
This is what the Standard
had to say about it -
"不幸的差异,宗教和政♥治♥上的"
"The unhappy differences,
religious and political,
"两者一起构成尽人皆知的"
"which together constitute
what is commonly known
"葬礼问题,没想到如今酿成丑闻"
"as the Burial Question,
have never led to a scandal
"多么令人痛苦和厌恶"
"more painful and revolting."
公众舆♥论♥站在了非英国国教♥徒♥的这边
Public opinion was on the side
of the non-conformists.
他们向英国国教会发起了挑战
They had challenged the privilege
of the established church
开始呼吁改法令了
and now there were calls
to change the law.
但是教会不甘心就此俯首认输
But the church was not going
to back down without a fight.
对这件事,英国国教的牧师们
There was, actually,
a very great head of steam
难平胸中的怒火
among the Anglican clergy
about this.
有15000名牧师,占到全体的75%
15,000 of them, that's 75%,
在一份请♥愿♥书上签了字
反对修改葬仪法律
signed a petition against
any change in the burial laws
因为他们认为,非英国国教♥徒♥
because they felt
that non-conformists
意欲控制他们把持的教堂墓地
were trying to hijack
their churchyards.
但这么做无济于事,1880年
<葬仪法改革法案>通过了
But it was no good. In 1880 the
Burial Law Reform Act was passed.
打那以后,非英国国教♥徒♥
也可以选择墓地了
From now on, non-conformists
could choose who buried them.
我认为阿肯汉姆事件
I think the Akenham affair
透露出很多有关
英格兰英国国教的特点
tells us a lot about the
established church in England.
它憎恨有人挑战它的权威
It hated seeing
its position challenged.
每一次的迁就妥协
它都是极不情愿的
Every concession was given
as grudgingly as you can get.
尽管教会百般的不愿意
但终究还是让步了
But despite itself, the church,
time and again, gave in.
这一点已经成了教会DNA的一部分
缓慢地,无条理地
It's almost become part of its DNA,
slowly and untidily
向前推进着多元化程度向纵深发展
to pave the way for more and more
degrees of pluralism.
我希望展现给大家的是
英国风情的方方面面
What I hope to have shown you
is that the measure of Englishness
而不是你多像盎格鲁-萨克森人
is not about how
Anglo-Saxon you are.
实际上,英国人的传统就是
践行日积月累的多元化生活
English heritage is,
in fact, much more diverse,
海纳百川,从不列颠原住民处
embracing gifts
from the original British -
或者西班牙人,也可以是
斯堪的纳维亚人,法国人那里汲取精华
or Spaniards, if you prefer -
the Scandinavians, the French.
而与此同时,几乎所有的西欧国家
And while in nearly
all western Europe,
它们的国教都强制实施宗教垄断
established churches enforced
a religious monopoly,
而英格兰的教会从来没有尝试过
the church in England
never came close.
从天主教♥徒♥到浸礼会教友
胡格诺派教♥徒♥,家庭主义教成员
From Catholics to Baptists,
Huguenots and Familists -
教会都认可他们是英国人
all would be accepted as English.
因此,我来回答这个重要问题
英国风格就是包容并蓄
So, to answer a big question,
Englishness is a broad church.