BBC：上帝如何造就英国人（2012）

这种传统究竟是怎么样的
我了解得一清二楚
This is a tradition
I know very well from the inside.
我父亲是名乡村牧师
I grew up the son
of a village parson.
我过去常弹管风琴
费用都是出自战争纪念基金
I used to play the organ, paid for
out of the war memorial fund.
村民们通过社区中心的一个机构
The village chose to remember
their dead, lost in two world wars,
来纪念两次大战中死亡和失踪的亲人
through the institution
at the heart of their community.
几百年以来,教区教堂
总是和生命息息相关
For hundreds of years, life was
built around the parish church.
每个星期你都要来这做周日礼拜
You came here each week
for Sunday services.
四季从你身边匆匆而过
You marked the passing seasons.
教堂里的洗礼仪式随时恭候
The Church provided
the christening ritual
这儿见证着你的出生
that marked your entry
into the world,
这里是你携手另一半迈向幸福的地方
this was where you'd
come to get married,
归根结底,这里也将是你的安息之所
and after it all, this would
be your final resting place.
对绝大多数英国人来讲
他们的世界是由
For most English people,
their world was shaped
一种特殊的基♥督♥教
by one particular
sort of Christianity -
即包罗万象的英国国教来决定的
an all-embracing Anglicanism.
不过现实情况是,即使那时坐在
管风琴凳子上的我还少不更事
But the truth is that even as a boy
sitting on that organ stool,
我也明白每个人心中的
英国国教是千差万别的
I knew that the Church of England
didn't mean the same for everyone.
实际上,差异的种子
And actually, the seeds of division
在基♥督♥教起源之初就埋下了
were there right from
the Church's earliest beginnings.
剑桥郡 鲍尔舍姆村
英国国教教堂在
16世纪基♥督♥教改革之后
The English church
was born in the 16th century
就开始应运而生了
out of that revolution
in Christianity
这叫做"新教改革"
we call the Protestant Reformation.
原先的天主教会垄断
It was set up to replace the
monopoly of the Catholic church
被新教垄断所代替
with a Protestant monopoly,
但是这个村子里的新教基♥督♥徒
but this village reveals that
English Protestant Christianity
却拒绝遵循单一的模式
refused to fit into a single mould.
1600年,鲍尔舍姆成了
一个宗教团体的根据地
In 1600, Balsham was home
它名叫"爱之家",既古怪又富于刺♥激♥性
to a strange and colourful religious
group called the Family of Love.
据说,里面的成员沉溺于换妻
Allegedly, they indulged
in wife-swapping,
通奸,放荡不羁
adultery and general excess.
实际上,他们的恶行
比传说还要令人震惊
Actually, they were much
more shocking than that.
他们这种神秘宗派笃信
They were a mystical sect
who believed
他们不仅是上帝的孩子
而且还是上帝的组成部分
that they were not just children
of God, but a part of God.
他们这些家庭主义者
被官方宣告为异端分子
It's not surprising
that the Familists
一点也不奇怪
were officially
condemned as heretics.
但他们并没有故作可怜低调
But they were not ones
to stand up and get martyred.
而是大明大方地参与教会活动
Instead, they joined
the established church
利用它来达到他们不可告人的目的
and used it for their
own secret purposes.
给你看点东西
I've something to show you down here.
历史学家克里斯.马歇找到了
一些非常隐晦的证据
Historian Chris Marsh
has found highly coded evidence
来证明他们的所作所为
of how they did this.
- 这里造得蛮不错嘛
- 那当然
- It's a bit of performance, isn't it?
Mm-hmm.- It certainly is.
这口大钟,它有什么特别之处呢?
Right, it's a bell.
So what's so special about it?
钟室里的这三口钟铸于1609年
Well, three of the bells
in this belfry date from 1609.
上面都刻着日期,1609年
They all have this date on.
Oh, yeah. 1609, yep.
其他的几口钟上有铭文
But where the other bells
have inscriptions like,
"上帝保佑教会"
"上帝保佑国王"
"God save thy church,"
"God save the king,"
这里的拉丁铭文翻译出来就是
this one has a Latin inscription
which translates as,
"我不是为逝者的灵魂
而是为生者的耳朵而鸣响"
"I sound not for the souls of the
dead but for the ears of the living."
从某种程度上来说
这些铭文想表达的是
And at one level, all that is saying
17世纪早期规矩的新教♥徒♥
is that good Protestants
in the early 17th century
他们不再像宗教改革前的天主教♥徒♥那样
no longer pray
for the souls of the dead
为了逝者的灵魂而祈祷
as pre-reformation Catholics did,
但是这里出现一个特别的变数
but there's a particular twist.
- 有两个词颠倒了
- 颠倒了?此话怎讲?
- Two of the words are reversed.
- Reversed, how do you mean?
就是说写到后面去了,哦,对了
Just written backwards. Oh, right.
写到后面去了,所以"animabus"(灵魂)
变成了"subamina"
Written backwards, so the word for
souls, animabus, becomes subamina,
这个词在拉丁文里没有意义
which is a meaningless word in Latin,
"auribus"(耳朵)变成了"subirua"
and the word for ears,
auribus, becomes subirua.
- "灵魂"和"耳朵"拼颠倒了
- "灵魂"和"耳朵"拼颠倒了
- Souls and ears backwards.
- Souls and ears backwards,
也许刻字的人想表达的意思是
正统的观念已经颠倒过来了
and maybe what he's saying is that
orthodoxy has got it all wrong.
这就跟它的原意相反了
It's the other way round.
你们都沉迷于外在的礼拜仪式
You're all obsessed with externals,
with churches,
而真正的信仰是能走进你心灵的东西
and true faith is about
what goes on in your soul.
作为"爱之家"的成员
他们是非常善于
And members of the Family of Love
were very, kind of, adept
注意和他们特征有关的这些点滴暗记
at registering these little
secret signals of their identity.
他们肯定偷笑了,是吧?
They must have smiled
to themselves, mustn't they?
每次这口钟为英国国教仪式响起时
Every time this bell rings
for an Anglican service...
我是这么认为的
I think so, yeah.
...实际上就是鸣钟为他们通风报信
...it's actually ringing out
their message to those who know.
但是在鲍尔舍姆
家庭主义者引人注意的地方
But what's fascinating
about the Familists in Balsham
不仅在于他们鬼鬼祟祟地搞破坏
is not only their sneaky subversion,
还在于他们有时敢于
but that they sometimes
dared to express
公然地表达内心的异教信仰
their heretical faith openly.
1609年,他们的一名教主死了
When one of their leaders died
in that same year, 1609,
就在同一年里,他的信徒厚颜无♥耻♥地
his followers took the brazen step
霸占了一位中世纪牧师的坟墓
把他们的教主葬了进去
of appropriating a medieval
priest's tomb to bury him.
他们将牧师的尸骨迁了出来
They removed the bones
of the priest who lay within,
然后用600块砖造了一间墓穴
They put a brick vault,
600 bricks, into the ground,
安顿好托马斯.劳伦斯
还更换了顶上的石头
installed Thomas Lawrence
and then replaced the stones on top,
它的样子显得十分特别
which is an extraordinary gesture.
所以我认为他们的意思就是
"我们的教主和埋在这块墓地里的"
So I guess what they're saying is
that their leader is as important
"所有古代的牧师一样重要"
as all priests in this graveyard
from the remote past.
我认为他们的言外之意正是这样
I think that's exactly
what the implication was,
果不其然,他们的做法激起了
and not surprisingly,
it provoked a reaction