亚洲最奇异（2021）

Other males try to join in,
但额外的皮肤 提供它所需的氧气以便紧紧缠住
but the extra skin gives him the oxygen he needs to hang on.
不过来关心一下落败的雄蛙
But spare a thought for the defeated male.
它受挫的欲望似乎很强大
His frustrated desire seems to be so powerful
以至于将路过的鳟鱼 误以为是潜在交♥配♥对象
that he mistakes a passing trout for a potential mate.
其中一种亚洲最怪的“可抗拒”动物
The story of one of Asia's weirdest resistibles
故事始于英格兰的一座动物园
begins in a zoo in England.
不可思议的景象发生于切斯特动物园
Incredible scenes at Chester Zoo.
科摩多龙芙劳拉产卵了
Flora, a Komodo Dragon, has given birth!
但它从未跟雄性科摩多龙共处一笼
But she's never been kept with a male Komodo.
这是处♥女♥生殖
A virgin birth!
是奇迹吗
Is this a miracle?
2006年的基因检测证明 孩子们完全由芙劳拉的DNA组成
Genetic tests in 2006 proved that the young were made entirely of Flora's DNA.
证实了它真的 在无雄性受精的情况下产下孩子
Confirming that she had indeed given birth without her eggs being fertilized by a male.
这是孤雌生殖的结果
It's the result of a phenomenon called parthenogenesis.
科摩多龙如何发展出 这种不寻常的能力
How did the Komodo Dragon develop this unusual ability?
这点很难确定 但有个理论
It's hard to say for certain, but here's the theory.
印度尼西亚一万七千多个岛屿中 很多都是这样形成的
Many of Indonesia's 17,000 islands were formed this way:
始于一片贫瘠的岩石
a barren rock.
但随着更多动植物 被风吹或被水冲上岸
But as more plants and animals are blown or washed onto the shores,
便发展成生机蓬勃的热带绿洲
it develops into a tropical oasis, bursting with life.
某天 一只雌性科摩多龙出来游泳
One day, a female Komodo is out for a swim...
然后被冲上岸
and washes up on the shore.
真是天堂
Paradise!
完美的气候 充足的食物
The perfect climate, plenty of food.
但有一个问题
But there's one problem.
没有雄性
There are no males.
谁知道要花多少时间和潮汐
And who knows how long it will take for time and tide
才能将另一只科摩多龙带上这个海岸
to bring another Komodo to these shores?
所以过了一阵子后
So, after a while, the lonely castaway's body
孤独漂流者的身体就转变成了 无性生殖
simply switches to asexual reproduction.
它会下蛋了
She lays eggs.
不到一半的卵孵化
Fewer than half hatch.
而且由于科摩多龙基因的独特性 它们全都是雄性
And due to the peculiarities of Komodo genetics, all of them are male.
它历经千辛万苦 才把儿子带到这个世界上
After all she's gone through to bring her sons into the world,
你以为妈妈会珍惜它们 但事实并非如此
but no. you'd think Mum would cherish them,
它想把孩子们吃掉
She wants to eat them.
少年们逃到树上 在那里它们无法成为食物
The juveniles flee up the trees where they can't become a meal.
它们吃昆虫 卵和其他小东西
Eating insects, eggs, and other small morsels.
让我们快进一下
Let's fast forward.
兄弟们一旦长大 食人魔母亲就不会吃掉它们
Once the brothers grow up, they're safe from their cannibalistic mother,
但它们已性成熟 而岛上只有一只雌性
but they're sexually mature and there's only one female on the island.
科摩多龙妈妈可以与亲生儿子
The Komodo mother can have fertile offspring,
一起生育后代
with her own sons.
这个家族便会倍增 再倍增
And the family can multiply and multiply and multiply.
但不要跟近亲繁殖是有原因的
But there's a good reason not to breed with your close relatives.
这大大增加了 各种基因问题发生的机率
It massively increases the chances of all sorts of genetic problems
并使群体容易感染疾病
and makes the population vulnerable to disease.
但它们这么做只是在争取时间
But all they are doing is buying time.
终于 另一只科摩多龙抵达了
Eventually, another Komodo arrives.
每多一只新成员 基因多样性就会增加
With every new arrival, the genetic diversity increases,
增强了群体的适应性
making the population more resilient.
所以这个科摩多龙家族 能在流口水 互相撕扯
So this Komodo family can thrive in slobbering, tearing, incestuous,
乱♥伦♥与吃宝宝的天堂中茁壮成长
baby-eating paradise.
讲到“可抗拒”的动物 在热带雨林找就对了
When it comes to resistibles, look no further than the rain forest.
那里又热又湿
It's hot and wet.
对水蛭来说是最完美的环境
The perfect conditions for leeches.
在大多数地方 它们只能待在水里
In most places, they're confined to water...
因为它们通过湿润的皮肤呼吸
because they breathe through their wet skin.
但这里的湿度非常高 所以它们可以自♥由♥游荡
But here, the humidity is so high, they're free to roam.
它在婆罗洲森林里探索
It probes the forest of Borneo.
它在找什么
What's it searching for?
爱? 总之是交♥配♥对象
Love? Well, a mate, anyway.
由于视力不佳 它们靠感应震动找到彼此
With poor eyesight, they find each other by sensing vibrations
并嗅闻化学信♥号♥♥
and smelling for chemical signals.
彼此打量过后 是时候缠绕在一起了
So after checking each other out, it's time to get entwined.
通常会吸附在受害者身上的吸盘
The suckers that would usually latch onto a victim,
现在吸附在爱人身上
now latch on to a lover.
这些水蛭雌雄同体
These leeches are hermaphrodites.
意思是每只水蛭 都有雄性和雌性的生殖器
Meaning that each leech has both male and female genitalia.
它们一起摇摆
They sway together while they line up their male gonopores
并让雄性生殖孔对齐雌性生殖孔 以射入精♥子♥
with their female gonopores and insert the sperm.
找到伴侣后 你可能认为 水蛭会紧抓着它不放
You might expect a leech to cling on once it finds a partner.
但交♥配♥只是短暂的相遇
But mating is a brief encounter,
它们很快就会分道扬镳
and they soon go their separate ways.
好吧 这很奇怪
Okay, that was weird.
但当你拉近看 亚洲最怪的寻爱之旅又更诡异了
But when you zoom in, Asia's Weirdest quests for love just get weirder.
昆虫的世界是以 一英寸的几分之几来测量的
The world of insects is measured in fractions of an inch,
但爱是以数百万来计算的
but love is measured in the millions...
再一个数百万
and millions.
这些庞大的群体由家族羁绊紧紧相连
These huge masses are held together by family bonds.
有人会说那是最深沉的爱
Some would say, that's the deepest kind of love.
在斯里兰卡的森林里 住着一个非常特别的家庭
In the forests of Sri Lanka lives a very unusual family.
来见见编织蚁
Meet the weaver ants.
它们正在建造家园
They're building a homestead.
它们的建造方法包括抓住树叶边缘
Their construction method involves grabbing the edges of leaves
并把树叶拉得更靠近
and pulling them closer together.
甚至形成某种蚁链来补足较宽的空隙
Even forming a kind of ant-chain to bridge the wider gaps
然后将树叶拉近
and ratcheting them closed.
现在它们需要加固才能保持状态
Now they need a fastener to keep it that way.
但在森林里要用什么呢
But what to use in the forest?
邻居的小孩如何
How about the neighbor's children?
它们从同类的巢中把幼虫带过来
They bring larvae from a related nest
在树叶上轻敲小表弟的屁♥股♥ 释放出黏稠的丝线
releasing a sticky silk. And tap little cousin's butt onto the leaf,
把小表弟当热熔枪一样 将叶子黏在一起 形成新的巢穴
Using it like a glue gun,the leaves are bound together to form the new nest.
一个蚁群在斯里兰卡森林中 能散布超过一百个巢穴
A colony can have over 100 nests spread across the Sri Lankan forest.
但这不只是家园 它也是农场
But this isn't just a home, it's a farm.
它们饲养什么
And what are they farming?
蚜虫
Aphids.
这些小昆虫就像乳牛群
The tiny insects are like a dairy herd,
它们吸取树汁
sucking up sap
并稳定制♥造♥微小的含糖蜜露水滴
and producing a steady supply of minute drops of sugary honeydew.
采集时 蚂蚁会利用触角敲打蚜虫
The ants milk them by drumming the aphids with their antennae
以促进它们分泌美味的小水滴
to encourage the release of a delicious droplet.
农夫严格控管蚜虫
The farmers keep the aphids tightly controlled,
但被囚禁还是有好处的
but this captivity has some benefits.
蚜虫柔软的身体几乎无力抵抗 数量众多的掠食者
Their soft bodies offer little defense against a long list of predators.
但强大的蚂蚁总是蓄势待发 准备用锋利的上颚攻击
The formidable ants are always ready to attack with razor-sharp mandibles.
这些牲畜围栏是用幼虫丝线做成的
The livestock pens are made of larval silk.
牧羊人守护蚜虫群
Shepherds guard the flock.
而且当小蚜虫迷失的时候
And when a lamb wanders...
会被温柔地送回家
it is gently returned.
这看起来或许是个奇怪的联盟
Now it might seem like a strange alliance,
但这种做法太成功了 世界各地的蚂蚁和蚜虫都这么做
but it's so successful, it's repeated by ants and aphids all over the world.
大家都说母爱是最纯粹的爱
They say that motherhood is the purest form of love.
那就是中华马蜂蜂后
That is the quest that this queen Asian paper wasp is on
在韩国乡间要完成的任务
in the South Korean countryside.
这个巨大的任务有许多奇怪的转折
It's a gigantic undertaking with many strange twists.
首先 它用咀嚼过的植物纤维筑巢
First, she builds her nest from chewed-up plant fibers.
接下来则是产卵时间
egg-laying time.
现在它等待
Now she waits.
它保护它们 甚至用翅膀扇风让它们保持凉爽
Guarding them and even keeping them cool by fanning them with her wings.
一场阵雨
A shower.
对纸做的房♥子来说不太妙
Not great for a house made of paper.
但慈爱的母亲对此也有解决方法
But the loving mother has a solution for this too.
它将水分从蜂巢中吸出 然后丢弃
She sucks the water from the nest and disposes of it.
随着幼虫成长
As the larvae grow,
母亲得辛勤工作才能喂食它们
Mum must work hard to feed them.
毛毛虫是它们的最爱
Caterpillars are a favorite.
但当母亲外出狩猎时 蜂巢会很脆弱
But while she's out hunting, the nest is vulnerable.
蚂蚁