噪音海洋（2016）

2000年3月15日…对我来说，这是一个恐怖的日子
March 15, 2000... the day of infamy, as far as I'm concerned.
我早上醒来
I woke up in the morning,
正在喝咖啡，告诉我们刚刚到达的团队
started having coffee, telling our team of people that had just arrived that,
在 10 天内看到喙鲸的机会很小
you know, the chances of seeing a beaked whale in a 10‐day period are slim.
我的助手戴夫跑进来说：“肯！
My assistant, Dave, came running inside and saying, "Ken!
肯！一条喙鲸就在海滩上
Ken! There's a beaked whale right on the beach,
就在房♥子前面！”
right in front of the house!"
果然，有一条鹅喙鲸在游动…
And sure enough, there was a goose‐beaked whale swimming...
它在移♥动♥尾巴
Moving his tail anyway,
好像试图爬上海滩
as if it was trying to get up the beach.
我心想也可能不禁喊了出来
In my mind, or maybe out loud,
我说：
I said,
“你在这里做什么？”
"what are you doing here?"
它们应该在深水中
They're supposed to be in deep water.
于是我把它推回了大海
So I pushed it back out to sea.
（女）走吧，宝贝，走吧！
(Woman) Go, baby, go!
它游出了一小段路
It swam out a little ways.
然后它又回来了
And it came back in.
我们这样做了两三次
We did this two or three times.
然后一些邻居过来说：
And then some neighbors came along and said,
“在那边还有一只，”
"there's another one down at the point."
用床单盖住它，并不断地向它泼水
Covered it with, uh, sheets and kept splashing water on it,
而其余的人则不断地试图将另一头鲸鱼推出去
while the rest kept trying to push the other whale out.
然后我们的邻居过来说：“还有另一头鲸鱼
And then our neighbors came and said, "there's another whale
离我们再往上200码的地方，”
just another 200 yards up the beach from us."
这一天，来自巴哈马北部各地的人们打来电♥话♥
As the day unfolded, we had people calling from all over the Northern Bahamas
说：“这里有鲸鱼搁浅，那里有鲸鱼搁浅，”
saying, "a whale strand here, whale strands there."
有什么东西在迫使所有这些鲸鱼想要放弃深水并逃离那里
Something was causing all these whales to wanna abandon the deep water and get the hell outta there.
这非常令人震惊
It was, uh, kinda devastating.
我十年来认识的动物现在都死了
Animals that I had grown to know over a 10‐year period were now dead.
他们试图逃跑
They were trying to get away.
我迫不及待地想找出原因
I was driven to find out why.
（麦克亚当斯）在地球上的任何地方
(McAdams) Everywhere on Earth,
我们都能听到生命之歌♥…
we can hear the songs of life...
从最小的昆虫
From the smallest insects
到地球上最大的动物
to the largest animals on the planet.
[鲸歌♥]
[Whale singing]
但我们大多数人只听到了这支生命交响曲的一半
But most of us only hear half of this living symphony.
海面下有一支完全不同的管弦乐队在演奏
There's a completely different orchestra playing beneath the surface of the sea.
（男）我一生中最难忘的时刻之一
(Man) One of the most memorable moments I have in my life
是我第一次在北极戴上耳机
was the first time I put on headphones in the arctic.
灰色和白色
It's gray and white.
感官几乎…感官完全被剥夺
It's almost sensory... Complete sensory deprivation.
我闻不到任何气味
I can't smell anything.
几乎尝不到任何味道
I can barely taste anything.
我们找到了一个通往水体的小口
We found a little opening of water,
我在其中放下了两个水下麦克风
in which I dropped two underwater microphones.
戴上耳机，我完全惊呆了
Put on the headphones, I was completely amazed.
[动物叫声]
[Animals calling]
髯海豹凭空出现
Bearded seals coming out of the ether,
好像它们来自《火星纪事》
as though they were from "the martian chronicles."
[动物叫声]
[Animals calling]
白鲸吱吱作响、嘁嘁喳喳、咔哒作响
Beluga whales chirping and chattering and clicking.
然后是弓头鲸
And then the bowhead whales,
低频的呻♥吟♥声
roaring low‐frequency moans.
我当时想，"天啊！这太棒了！"
And I was like, "Oh, my God! This is fantastic!"
（McAdams）克里斯·克拉克已经记录了地球生命交响曲40多年
(McAdams) Chris Clark has been recording the symphony of life on Earth for more than 40 years.
他建立了地球上最大的动物声音收藏之一
He has built one of the largest collections of animal sounds on the planet.
（Clark）我倾听世界
(Clark) I listen to the world.
对我来说，歌♥曲就是生命
And to me, song is life.
它是我们本质的体现
It is the essence of who we are.
它将我们所有人联♥系♥在一起
And it joins us all.
问题是，在海洋中
The problem is, in the ocean,
我们正在注入大量的噪音
we are injecting enormous amounts of noise,
以至于我们基本上在声学上漂白海洋
so much so that we are basically acoustically bleaching the ocean.
星球上所有的歌♥唱声都消失在那片噪音云中
All the singing voices of the planet are lost in that cloud of noise.
（McAdams）这种声音的积累正在改变整个水下生态系统
(McAdams) This accumulation of sound is changing the entire ecosystem underwater.
声波入侵首当其冲的
Some of the animals most directly affected by this Sonic invasion
是地球上有史以来最大的动物
are the largest ever to have lived on Earth.
（Clark）它们如此巨大
(Clark) They're so large.
它们如此引人注目和壮丽
And they're so dramatic and magnificent.
它们是高度意识的动物
They are highly conscious animals.
它们有自我意识
They have self‐awareness. They think.
它们拥有与我们相媲美的智力
They have intellectual capabilities that rival ours.
而它们的优雅…
And their graciousness...
(Balcomb)它们是哺乳动物，它们就像我们一样
(Balcomb) They're mammals. They're just like us.
它们是这个星球上一种非常特殊的生命形式
They're a very specialized form of life on this planet that,
基本上统治着海洋
basically, rules the ocean.
所有鲸鱼都能听到声音
All whales can hear.
它们为了生存必须有听觉
They have to for their survival.
[鲸鱼叫声]
[Whales calling]
（Clark）海洋种的声学与空气中的完全不同
(Clark) The ocean is a completely different place acoustically than in the air.
声音可以以非常快的速度传播很远的距离
Sound can travel enormous distances very, very fast,
而光线却传播不远
whereas light doesn't travel very far at all.
鲸鱼已经进化出利用这一点的能力
And the whales have evolved to take advantage of that.
它们可以听到1000英里外的风暴
They can hear storms that are 1,000 miles away.
（女）对于人类来说，听力对我们很重要
(Woman) For humans, well, it's important for us to hear,
但并不像对鲸鱼、海豚和许多种鱼类那么重要
but not nearly as important as it is for whales, dolphins and many kinds of fish.
它们依靠声学感知环境
They're relying on being able to sense their environment acoustically.
无论是寻找同伴、
Whether it's finding their buddies,
还是认出食物和海岸线的方位
knowing where food is, knowing where the shoreline is.
当然，它们也有眼睛
Well, they certainly have eyes.
它们也使用眼睛
And they use their eyes.
但它们更依赖听力来生活
But they're far more reliant on their hearing to live.
想想看…即使在最清澈的海水中
Think about it... even in the clearest ocean water,
能见度也远远不及陆地上的能见度
visibility is nothing close to what you have on the land.
100英尺被认为是非常好的
And 100 feet is considered to be really good.
但你可以仰望星空
But you can look up at the stars
在陆地上看见经过数百万英里传输的光
and see light that has been transmitted over millions of miles on the land.
你可以看到远处几英里外的山脉
You can look and see mountains in the distance, miles away.
（男）正如空气是光线的绝佳媒介一样
(Man) Just as air is a brilliant medium for light,
水也是声音的绝佳媒介
water is a brilliant medium for sound.
举个例子
To give you an example,
在1990年代初
in the early 1990s,
一群科学家在南印度洋下放了一个发声装置
a group of scientists put a noise-making device, uh, down in the Southern Indian ocean.
他们想看看声音能传播多远
They wanted to see just how far sound would travel.
他们产生的声音传入大西洋、太平洋
The sound that they produced carried into the Atlantic ocean, into the Pacific ocean.
它传播到了研究人员正在监听的地方
It carried as far as those researchers were listening.
他们最远的水听器或水下麦克风位于华盛顿州
Their furthest hydrophone, or underwater microphone, was positioned off of Washington state,
这意味着传播了约17,000公里的声音仍听得到
which means that the sound traveled some 17,000 kilometers and was still audible.
[鲸鱼叫声]
[Whale calling]
鲸鱼通过声音看海洋
And the whales see the ocean through sound.
所以它们的心灵之眼是它们的心灵之耳
So their mind's eye is their mind's ear.
（男）我和一位因纽特捕鲸船长呆在帐篷里
(Man) So I'm in this tent with an Inupiat whaling captain.
我想获取鲸鱼的耳朵用于科学研究
And I want the ears for science.
我想得到鲸鱼的耳骨
I wanna get the ear bones of the whale
把它们送给一个科学家同事
so that I can give 'em to a colleague, who is a scientist,
来弄明白它们是如何听的
to understand, how do they hear?
这些动物到底有什么不同
What... what is so different about these animals?
这位因纽特捕鲸船长直直地看着我
And this Inupiat whaling captain just looked at me.
他谨慎地说
And very deliberately, he said,
"你知道耳朵是通往鲸鱼灵魂的入口吗？"
"do you know that the ears are the entrance to the soul of the whale?"
现在回想起来那个场景我依然感到触动
And now, I even get emotional remembering that statement.
这种动物的耳朵是它自我意识
The ears of this animal are the entrance to its self‐consciousness,
生命，历史，未来的入口
to its life, to its history, to its future.
（男）巴哈马群岛搁浅事件
(Man) The Bahamas stranding, well,
我们有几个在几小时内死亡的标本
we had specimens that had died within hours.
我知道收集新鲜的标本
And I knew that collecting a fresh specimen
并尽快冷冻它
and freezing it as soon as possible
将提供最好的证据，证明内部正在发生什么样的损害
would provide the best evidence that would show what sort of damage was going on internally.