BBC.佛教世界的七大奇观

佛教是世界上最古老的信仰体系之一
Buddhism is one of the most ancient belief systems in the world.
佛教既是一种宗教 也是一种哲学
Buddhism is both a religion and a philosophy.
只有你自己的顿悟才能让你从苦难中挣脱
Only your own understanding saves you from suffering.
当今 有超过三亿五千万人信奉佛教
It is practised by over 350 million people today.
有许多人认为宗教的吸引力
There are many people who feel attracted to a religion
在于能提升自身
which empowers the human individual.
我将走遍佛教世界的七大奇观
I am going to travel to seven wonders of the Buddhist world.
这七大奇观将带你走进
Seven wonders that give an insight
佛教悠久而丰富的历史
to the long and rich history of Buddhism.
在每个地方
At each location
我将与佛教♥徒♥们会面 他们将会帮助我理解
I'll meet Buddhists who will help me to understand
构造佛教信仰核心的不同概念
the different concepts that form the core of Buddhist belief.
我将去探索佛教是如何起源 传播到哪
I'm going to explore how it started, where it travelled
fad(600,600)印度
fad(600,600)斯里兰卡
fad(600,600)尼泊尔
fad(600,600)中国
fad(600,600)泰国
fad(600,600)柬埔寨
以及拜访一些由世界各地佛教♥徒♥所建造的
and some of the most spectacular monuments built by Buddhists
最壮观的历史遗迹
right across the globe.
并且试着诠释
And to try to get to the bottom
两千五百多年来 这种哲学思想
of the attraction of this philosophy for mankind
对人类的魅力
for close on 2,500 years.
佛教♥徒♥的数量年年增长
Buddhism's numbers grow year on year
在我游览古今
and I'll be uncovering why
佛教世界七大奇观的过程中
as I experience seven modern
我将会揭示其中的奥秘
and ancient wonders of the Buddhist world.
佛教世界的七大奇观
这里是印度的东北地区
This is north-eastern India,
佛教大约在公元前五百年于此地起源
where Buddhism began around 500 years before Christ.
数百万的朝圣者来到这个国家
Millions of pilgrims come to this country,
来到圣城 菩提伽耶
and to the sacred city of Bodh Gaya,
去游览这个地方
to visit the place
在这里 一位年轻的印度王子经历了
where a young Indian Prince underwent
一次改写人生的转变
a life-changing personal transformation
并最终以佛陀的身份为人所熟知
and came to be known as the Buddha.
我研究过佛陀在世这二十多年的历史
I've studied the period in history when the Buddha lived for over 20 years
我非常喜欢它
and I just love it
因为这是一个非常激进的时代
because this was such a radical age.
在这个时代
This was a time
像佛陀 和古希腊的苏格拉底一样的人
when men like the Buddha, and Socrates in Ancient Greece,
颠覆了信仰的世界
turned the world of belief upside down.
他们并不专注于传统 习俗和仪式
Instead of focusing on tradition and convention and ritual,
而是侧重道德准则
they dealt with ethics
以及研究人类思想的千变万化
and the possibilities of the human mind.
我对追寻佛教的踪迹格外地着迷
And I'm particularly fascinated to follow in the trail of Buddhism,
因为这种哲学思想传播到了二十五个国家
because as the philosophy has travelled through 25 centuries,
这标示了一条
it's marked out a path that leads directly
直通古今社会的道路
from ancient society to the modern world.
摩诃菩提寺
印度 菩提伽耶
这是摩诃菩提寺
This is Mahabodhi,
又称"大觉寺"
the "Great awakening" Temple
位于印度东北地区的菩提伽耶
in Bodh Gaya in north-eastern India,
是我们探访的第一个佛教世界奇观
our first wonder of the Buddhist world.
菩提伽耶屹立在此的原因
The reason Bodh Gaya is here at all
全是因为两千五百年前
is because two and a half millennia ago,
一个男人坐在菩提树下
one man had an internal, personal revelation
得到了发自内心的个人顿悟
while he sat underneath a peepul tree.
一个静谧而简单的起源造就了一切
It's a very quiet, simple beginning to end up with all of this.
那个男人叫做悉达多·乔达摩
That man was called Siddhartha Gautama,
据说他放弃了权力与家庭
and we're told he renounced his privileges and family
开始苦苦追寻
to embark on a rigorous quest.
这是一趟领悟人性所要面对的
A journey to understand the inherent challenges
固有挑战的旅程
of the human condition,
皆因他目睹了周遭的一切 被所见的苦难
sparked by the suffering, sorrow and deprivation
悲伤和贫困所启迪
that he saw all around him.
这是一段漫长而艰难的旅程
It was a long and difficult journey.
悉达多放弃了物质世界的舒适条件
Siddhartha renounced the comforts of the material world.
他不停地冥想了数星期
He meditated for weeks on end.
他与当时的旧道决裂
He broke with the status quo
那是一个被旧神统治了
in a region that had been dominated by the old gods
上千年的领域
for the previous thousand years.
最终他成功涅槃
Finally he achieved Nirvana,
这个过程我们粗略地译为"顿悟"
what we loosely translate as, Enlightenment
他也作为佛陀或者悟道之人为人所知
and became known as the Buddha or "The enlightened one".
佛陀 根据佛经
The Buddha, according to Buddhist scriptures,
他一路走到此 并且下定决心
made his way to this spot, and determined not to move
在找到化解世间苦难的办法之前 绝不移♥动♥
until he found an answer to the world's suffering.
所以就在此地
So, it was here,
在两千五百年前一个暖春的夜晚
on one warm spring evening, 2,500 years ago,
佛陀来此打坐
that the Buddha came to sit.
据说他整晚都被恶魔所折磨
We are told that all night he was tormented by demons
但当太阳
but then, as the sun began
从东方徐徐升起时 他顿悟了
to rise in the East, he found enlightenment.
菩提伽耶寺是佛教的圣地
The Bodh Gaya temple is the Mecca of Buddhism.
根据他们的信仰
It is where the Buddha attained enlightenment
罗伯特·瑟曼
佛教研究教授
哥伦比亚大学
佛陀就是在那里觉悟的
according to their belief
那棵菩提树 或者说那棵菩提树的后代
and the Bodhi tree, or a great- grandson of the Bodhi tree,
还依然在那里生长
still grows there.
所以 佛教♥徒♥去那里纪念这个伟大的突破
So, Buddhists go there to remember the great breakthrough
那是佛陀对宇宙真正本质的发现
that was the Buddha's discovery of the true nature of the universe.
受到佛陀榜样的激励
And inspired by the Buddha's example,
你会发现这里有来自世界每个角落的游客
you'll find visitors here from every corner of the globe,
他们来自九十多个佛教至今依然繁荣的国家
from the 90 or so countries where Buddhism still flourishes today.
对于全世界的佛教♥徒♥来说
Bodh Gaya is one of those key sites
乌尔里奇·帕格尔博士
语言与宗教系准教授
伦敦大学亚非学院
菩提伽耶是其中一个重要的地方
for all Buddhists worldwide.
就像一块磁铁 一个中心
It serves as a magnet, as a centre point,
吸引着世界各地的佛教♥徒♥
for Buddhists from around the world.
你可以说这个地方
You could say it's the place
理查德·贡布里希
梵文波顿教授
牛津大学
就是佛教的起源地
exactly where Buddhism started.
我不是佛教♥徒♥
I'm not a Buddhist,
但是如果你问任何一个信仰佛教的人
but if you ask anyone who's involved in Buddhism,
他们会告诉你这是一个
they'll tell you that it's a very difficult philosophy
非常难以传授或解释的哲学
to teach or to explain,
理解它的最好方法就是去体验它
and that the very best way to understand it is to experience it.
所以 通过体验佛教
And so, by experiencing Buddhism,
我将试着去了解这一哲学的核心要义
I'm going to try to get to the heart of a philosophy
它有时候看起来复杂而遥不可及
that can sometimes seem complicated, out of reach.
我将从佛教的三个要义开始
I'll start with the three key principles of Buddhism -
即通常所说的"三宝"
what are known as its "Three Jewels".
第一宝是以自身树立榜样的佛陀本尊
The first is the life and example of Buddha himself.
所有的佛教♥徒♥都被鼓励
All Buddhists are encouraged
以佛陀为榜样去塑造自己的人生
to model their approach to life on his.
佛陀教导中最重要的一点
The most important single point in the Buddha's teaching,
也是与其他宗教截然不同的一点
and one that distinguishes it very sharply from other religions,
就是佛陀教导我们每个人
is that the Buddha taught that each of us
要对自己的人生和救赎
is entirely and solely responsible
付全部责任
for our own lives and our own salvation.
没有人能对你负责
No-one else can be responsible.
佛陀没有将自身放在任何神圣的地位
The Buddha didn't claim any divine status,
也没有自称救世主
nor did he profess to be a personal saviour.
他称自己为引路者和导师
He called himself a guide and teacher.
他的教诲吸引了
His message appealed to
古印度所有社会阶级的人
people of all social classes in ancient India,
包括商人 农夫和贱民阶层
to merchants, to farmers, and to the Untouchable caste.
佛陀在精神觉醒的过程中
The Buddha, in the course of his spiritual awakening,
否决了印度教的许多方面
rejected a good number of aspects of Hinduism.
他否决了印度教信仰中的一些哲学成分
He rejected some philosophical components of Hindu beliefs,