狗的秘密生活

狗
Dogs.
人类最好的朋友
Man's best friend.
但我们真的了解我们忠诚的伴侣吗
But do we really know our faithful companions?
它们如何看待自己的世界
How they see their world?
又是如何看待我们的呢
What they really think of us?
本片将介绍这些似乎拥有第六感的狗狗
In this film, we'll meet dogs that seem to have a sixth sense.
经马克斯提醒 我才发现自己得了乳腺癌
I knew I'd got breast cancer because Max had told me.
不朽的忠诚
Undying loyalty.
他救了我 还因此获得维多利亚十字勋章
That dog saved my life and for that he won the Victoria Cross.
不可思议的直觉
Incredible intuition.
我从没教过她 自己就会了
I've not taught her to do it, she's just done it.
我们将追随一只幼犬的成长历程
We'll follow the life of a growing puppy.
它可能是任何一只
It could be any dog.
本片将由众多狗狗共同讲述
And in fact, many dogs will play this role.
通过观察它成长的点滴
But by watching it develop,
我们将揭秘狗狗不为人知的能力
we'll reveal the hidden abilities in all dogs.
近几年来
In the last few years,
科学家对犬类的心理和生理
scientists have delved deeper than ever before
有了更为深入的研究
into the canine mind and body,
结果令人♥大♥开眼界
and the results are extraordinary.
从此 你看待它们的方式将截然不同
The way you see dogs will never be the same again.
每一秒 都有幼犬诞生在这个世界上
A puppy is born every second somewhere in the world.
不久前 这群幼崽多了个妹妹
And just moments ago, this litter was joined by a sister.
我们的小狗
Our puppy.
她的体重不到五百克
She weighs under a pound
脆弱极了
and is remarkably vulnerable.
出生的头两周
She's born blind
她的眼睛还看不见
and her ears are sealed closed
小耳朵也紧紧地闭着
for the first two weeks of her life
这些器官还在发育
as they're still developing
非常脆弱 不能暴露在外
and are too fragile to be exposed.
她无法控制自己的体温
She can't control her own temperature,
因此完全依赖于妈妈怀抱的温暖
so she's totally reliant on the warmth of her mum.
事实上 她尚未发育成熟
In essence, she's premature.
幼犬无法独♥立♥生存 为何这么早就出生呢
So why are puppies born too small to survive on their own?
幼犬越小 一窝产崽的数量就越多
Well, the smaller the puppy, the larger the litter.
只要它们拥有妈妈的保护
And as long as they have their mother's protection,
大部分都将存活下来
more of them will survive.
此外 幼犬还有其他了不起的隐藏技能
Combine this with the amazing abilities hidden inside our puppies
了解这些 就能逐渐明白为什么
and you begin to see why dogs have become so successful
犬类遍布全世界
all over the world.
狗是目前世界上身形 个头和种类
Today dogs are found in more shapes, sizes and varieties
最为丰富的哺乳动物
than any other mammal on the planet.
世界上现存的狗约有五亿只
There are some 500 million dogs alive today
已知种类超过四百种
and over 400 recognised breeds.
我们对狗太过熟悉
They're so familiar to us,
往往忘了它们有多么无与伦比
we can forget how extraordinary they are.
就连简单的甩水动作
Even the simple act of shaking off water
都暗含着高超的技巧
hides a spectacular technique.
将速度放慢一千倍
When you slow it down a thousand times,
可以看到头部的摆动幅度是整整一百八十度
you can see the head turns a full 180 degrees.
因此产生的角动量顺着身体螺旋向下传递
This kickstarts a rotational momentum that corkscrews down the body.
用这种方式将水迅速甩离皮毛 以免着凉
Expelling water from their fur quickly so they don't get cold.
如果你曾被狗甩了一身水
If you've ever been drenched by a dog,
就能体会这门技术的高效
you'll know how efficient this technique is.
它们的体能卓尔不凡
Their physical abilities may be remarkable,
但犬类如此繁荣的关键
but it's their relationship with us
是它们与人类的情谊
that lies at the heart of their success.
我们训练狗用以捕猎 看家护院
We've trained them so that they'll hunt for us, guard our homes,
听令取物 以及放牧牲畜
retrieve on command and herd our livestock.
但它们也会向人类展露自己的魅力
But they also bring their own magic to this partnership.
狗似乎能理解我们的需求
Dogs seem to understand our needs
而且乐于施以援手
and have a desire to help us out.
我从没教过她 自己就会了
I've not taught her to do it, she's just done it.
洁丝 快过来 这里
Jess, come here. Here.
坐下 乖 坐好
Sit down, then. Sit. Sit.
洁丝是一只十岁大的史宾格犬
Jess is a ten-year-old Springer Spaniel
她协助露易丝·莫豪斯
that helps Louise Moorhouse
照料她在德文郡农场的日常工作
with the daily workings of her farm in Devon.
她对你言听计从
Anything you ask her to do, she'll do it.
任何事都乐意施以援手 或者说援爪
And she just lends her hand basically or her paw to anything.
在产羔季节 洁丝不仅会帮露易丝扛奶瓶
In lambing season, Jess not only carries the milk bottles for Louise
还会给没有妈妈的小羊羔喂奶
but she helps feed the orphaned lambs herself.
她克服了自己追赶捕食羊羔的天性
She's overriding her natural instinct to chase or even eat the lamb.
真是我的贴心小帮手
She's just an extra pair of hands, really.
我想是因为她和这些羊一起长大
I think she does it because she's grown up with the sheep
所以觉得它们也是大家庭的一部分
and I think she probably thinks they're part of her family.
它们取悦人类
It's this willingness to please
成就了情比金坚的友谊
that has led to an enduring partnership.
有时候她就像是普通的狗
Some days, she's just like a normal dog,
完全不听话
you know, not listening at all.
但说实话 其他大多数日子里
But other days, to be honest, and most days,
我不把她当做狗
I don't really treat her as a dog.
而是当成我最好的朋友
I think I treat her as my best friend, really.
这种深情厚谊开始于
And the first stages of this relationship are formed
狗最萌态可掬的时期
when dogs are at their most loveable.
再来看我们的小狗
Back with our puppy,
她才刚开始对周围的事物产生知觉
and she's only just beginning to be aware of her surroundings.
出生头两周紧闭的双眼和耳朵
Her eyes and ears that were closed for the first two weeks of her life
终于张开
are now opening.
这一变化打开了感官刺♥激♥的全新世界
And with this comes a whole new world of sensory stimulation.
她借助视觉四处走动
She uses her vision to move around,
但她眼中的世界和我们一样吗
but does she see the world the same way we do?
狗都是色盲
Well, dogs are colour blind.
但这并不意味着它们眼中只有黑白
But that doesn't mean that everything is black and white.
她能辨色 不过多为蓝黄两色
She does see colour, but mostly just blues and yellows.
因为她只有两种色彩受体[视锥细胞]
It's because she only has two types of colour receptors
而人类有三种
compared to humans, who have three.
因此你的狗才总是
And it's also why your dog will often
无视绿草上的橙色玩具
ignore an orange toy in the green grass,
这两种颜色在它们眼里并无区别
as those colours look the same to them.
最好给它们些蓝色的东西
Better to give them something blue.
但当东西动起来 她的视觉就派上大用场了
But it's when things are moving that her vision comes into its own.
狗的眼睛能比我们更快地处理所见之物
Dogs' eyes process what they see more quickly than we do.
简直可以说它们看的是慢镜头
It's almost like they see in slow motion.
所以它们才总能准确无误地接到飞盘
That's why they're always in the right place to catch the frisbee.
狗的听觉也超乎寻常
A dog's hearing is also superhuman.
它们的听力距离是我们的四倍
They can hear things four times further away
能辨别人类听力范围两倍的高频声音
and twice as high pitched as we can.
所以我们听不见狗哨声
It's why we can't hear dog whistles.
这也意味着它们能听见灯的嗡鸣声
But it also means they can hear the hum of lights
甚至数字钟内石英晶体的脉冲声
and even the pulsing sound of a quartz crystal in a digital clock.
但有一种感官她日后最常用到
But there's one sense she'll use more than any other.
她的嗅觉
Her sense of smell.
狗的大脑是人脑体积的十分之一
A dog's brain is one tenth the size of ours,
但控制嗅觉的那部分却是人脑的四十倍
but the part that controls smell is 40 times larger.
它们的鼻子里有多达三亿个气味腺
They have up to 300 million scent glands in their nose
而我们只有五百万个
compared to our five million.
所以别骗自己
So don't kid yourself,
别以为将骨头藏起来 你的狗就找不到了
you can't hide a bone from your dog just because it's out of sight.
狗的鼻子极为敏感
A dog's nose is so sensitive,
甚至能嗅出许久之前的事
it can even smell events from the distant past.
我们正在解密狗的世界
We're unravelling the secret world of dogs.
小狗四周大了 正忙着探索自己的家
Our puppy's four weeks old and she's busy exploring her home.
但方式跟我们不同
But not like we would.
我们用眼睛环顾四周
We look around with our eyes.
而她用的是鼻子
She looks around with her nose.
因此健康的狗喜欢让鼻子保持湿润
It's why a healthy dog likes to keep its nose wet.
这能最大程度地从空气中获取气味分子
This maximises the number of scent molecules it can observe from the air.
鼻子就是它们的超能力
Their nose is their superpower.