新星：什么是梦（2009）

but a more remote associate.
一种随机的联想
Before playing, volunteers, like Tristan,
在游戏开始前 志愿者们
are shown examples.
如特里斯坦会看到一些例子
Try these next two: surprise, line, birthday.
试试看接下去的两题 惊喜 场地 生日
Um, present?
答案是礼物吗
No, very close. The answer is "Party".
不 但非常接近 答案是派对
surprise party, party line, birthday party.
惊喜派对 派对场地 生日派对
After the game,
在游戏结束之后
Tristan's next assignment is to nap.
根据指示特里斯坦需要打个盹
Mednick monitors his sleep cycles and eye movements.
梅德尼克监控他的睡眠周期以及眼动
Sixty minutes later, he appears to be entering REM sleep.
1个小时以后他进入了快速眼动睡眠
So, here, we have a lot of rapid eye movements.
在这里我们能看到大量眼球快速活动
You can see this is indicating
他很可能正在做梦
he's probably having a dream right now. We can even see...
我们甚至能看到...
Only a third of the volunteers take naps like these.
只有三分之一的志愿者能像他一样睡着
The others either rest quietly or
其他志愿者或是安静地休息
are awakened before entering REM sleep.
或是在进入快速眼动睡眠前就已经醒来
Then everyone plays a new word game.
接下去每个人又玩了另外一个文字游戏
I was looking for a REM result for creativity.
我试图论证快速眼动睡眠能提高创造力
I definitely thought we'd be able to find it.
我们坚信一定能成功的
I was surprised by the magnitude.
实验结果使我大为吃惊
Those who had REM sleep
那些进入快速眼动睡眠的试验者的成绩
scored 40 percent higher.
比前次游戏的成绩高出4成
But quiet rest or non-REM sleep
而那些安静休息及进入非快速眼动睡眠的试验者
produced no benefit whatsoever.
则毫无进步
The reason why we think that REM sleep helps you with creativity
我们认为快速眼动睡眠能帮助提高创造力
is because REM sleep is a very active time in your brain.
是因为大脑在快速眼动睡眠时非常活跃
Sometimes your brain can even be more active than during waking.
有时甚至比你醒着的时候更加活跃
And you actually have these different areas of the brain
大脑中的不同区域
that are speaking to each other.
相互交流
So it's actually able to start to free associate
所以人能够在思维与记忆中
amongst its own ideas and memories.
自♥由♥联想
Clearly REM sleep can boost creativity,
很明显快速眼动睡眠能激活创造力
but do REM dreams have anything to do with it?
那么快速眼动睡眠期的梦境有无作用呢
The dreams that we have during REM sleep,
在快速眼动睡眠期中的梦境非常发散
they're very wild. They're very fanciful.
它们富有想象 天马行空
They're clearly the brain having
在这些梦境中
a period of loose associations,
大脑中组织着发散的联想
where you are able to put connections together, between new and old ideas,
那时人能够在新想法与旧想法中构建联♥系♥
finding new solutions to new problems.
为新的困难找出解决的方法
This ability to harness the creative power of dreams
梦境能够激活创造力
is not just the preserve of genius.
并不是天才的专利
It seems that with a little REM sleep,
通过快速眼动睡眠
many of us can also do it.
我们这些平常人也可以做到
Just say to one's self,
对自己说
"I want to dream about X tonight."
我想在今晚梦到什么什么
As you're drifting off to sleep,
接下去你迷迷糊糊地睡去
and in my research I find
根据我的研究发现
that about 50 percent of people can do that,
只要通过一段时间的练习
if they just practice that for a brief period of time.
5成的人可以梦到想要梦到的人或事
And about half will get an answer
无论是什么事 将近一半的人
that is really gratifying to whatever the issue is.
可以在梦中得到满意的结果
Of course, sometimes we get the dreams we least hope for.
当然有时我们也会梦到不愿意看到的场景
But these may be the most valuable ones of all.
但这些梦境可能是最宝贵的
It's dark outside; kind of raining;
外面漆黑一片 天还下着雨
very, very scary; ominous.
我极其恐惧 有着不祥的预感
There's, like, this kind of spaceship.
在那里的像是一架宇宙飞船
And I saw the chain on my arm.
我看到有链条缠在我的手臂上
With these huge chains was this big stone tablet,
那些粗大的链条连接着一块大石碑
all inscribed with hieroglyphics.
在上面刻有象形文字
Suddenly I jump off the bed.
突然间 我跳下床
I want to run into my parent's bedroom.
我想跑到父母的卧室
There's a long hallway I have to go through to get there.
而我必须通过一条很长的走廊
And then, just at that moment, this hand and arm and body reaches for me;
但就在那时有东西靠近我
this is the giant made of shadows.
那是一个巨大的影子怪物
No doubt, such episodes are terrifying.
毋庸置疑 这些情节令人恐惧
But could it be we need them?
但我们是否需要他们呢
Antti Revonsuo is convinced of it.
安提·雷望索的回答是肯定的
He's a Finnish scientist who collects nightmares.
他是一名芬兰籍科学家 记录各种恶梦
He has concluded that many of the bad dreams we have today
他认为如今我们所做的很多恶梦
are the same as those experienced by our ancient ancestors.
都与古代祖先的经历有着异曲同工之处
Well, it's pretty certain that our ancestors did dream,
毋庸置疑 我们的祖先也会做梦
because dreaming seems to be biologically programmed into our brain,
因为做梦是大脑的一项生理机能
and the brain that our ancestors had was pretty much identical with our brain.
而我们祖先的大脑与现代人类非常类似
And we know that our ancestors lived in an environment
我们知道我们的祖先生活在
which was full of all sorts of fatal dangers.
充满着各种各样致命危险的环境中
The same dangers, Revonsuo says,
雷望索认为而我们现在的噩梦中
often show up in nightmares today,
也时常会出现这些危险
particularly in those of children.
尤其多见于儿童
There was one wolf.
那儿有一头狼
And he started chasing me, and I ran and ran and ran.
它追着我 我不停地逃跑
And afterwards he, he stopped for a minute and barked,
接下来 它停住了脚步并且向我嚎叫
and then another wolf came and another and another and another.
不久之后又来了一匹狼 狼越来越多
And then, in the end,there was a whole pack of wolves with big long teeth,
最后来了一整群狼 牙尖嘴利 凶相毕露
and they were very, very hairy and big and scary,
毛骨悚然 体形巨大 恐怖异常
and they started chasing me.
然后它们开始向我追了过来
According to Revonsuo,
根据雷望索的研究结果
our ancestors had such dreams, and bequeathed them to us,
我们的祖先将他们的梦境遗赠给了后人
because they were indispensable rehearsals
这些梦境是必不可少的
in the struggle to survive.
因为他们能够预演这些致命的危险
The nature of bad dreams and nightmares is they contain threatening events
不好的梦境和噩梦的本质是预演危险的场景
and they force us to go through those simulated threatening events
梦迫使我们经历这些虚拟的危险场景
in order that in the waking world we encounter
因此当我们在现实世界中
similar or different kinds of threatening events,
遇到相似或者不同的危险情况时
and then we are more prepared to survive those
我们能够根据梦境中预演的情况
when we have been training for them in our dreams.
更容易求得生存
Revonsuo believes this mechanism
雷望索确信
for rehearsing stressful events
这种预演危险场景的生理机制
stays with us for all our lives,
会伴随着我们一生
but as we grow up,
但当我们长大后
dreams about wild animals
关于野生动物的梦境
are replaced by modern horrors.
被现代世界中的危险取代
I was dreaming that I couldn't find the class,
在梦中我找不到教室
and then my friend had to come to this class,
我的朋友也要去那间教室
and I couldn't find her, either,
但我也找不到她
and she couldn't find me.
她也找不到我
And on my way to the class,
在前往教室的路中
I opened the door of the elevator,
我打开了电梯
and I hit a little girl,
我撞到了一个小女孩
and she died.
然后她死了
Adults have very modern types of nightmares and bad dreams,
成人的恶梦非常现代化
like losing your wallet,
比如丢了钱包
crashing your car or something like that.
遇到车祸或其他类似事件
So it seems our brain is capable of adjusting itself
我们的大脑似乎能自我调节
and including more modern threats.
使梦境中包含了许多现实中存在的危险因素
According to Revonsuo,
根据雷望索的研究
we should be thankful for these fearsome visions,
我们必须感谢这些可怕的梦境
which may exist to help us survive.
它们能帮助我们在现实世界中生存
Bad dreams and nightmares are a good thing.
做恶梦是件好事
They force us to be prepared
它们迫使我们时刻提防着
for similar events in the waking world.
现实生活中的类似危险
Without nightmares and bad dreams,
如果没有恶梦
there is a good chance that humanity wouldn't be here.
人类很可能已经灭绝了
But if dreams are so important to our waking lives,
既然梦对我们现实生活如此重要
What if one day they just stopped?
要是有一天我们不做梦了会怎么样呢
Would we lose our capacity to learn, prepare, anticipate?
我们会丧失学习 筹备和参与的能力吗
Could such a thing happen?
这事会发生吗
According to this man it does.
在这个男人身上确实发生了
I frequently found when I ask patients after they had sustained strokes,
我经常发现在病人中风后问他们一些问题
For example, whether they are dreaming or not,
比如说 有没有做梦