PBS. 新星.失落的帝国.巨石阵（1997）

而中轴线贯穿了石阵入口
that runs through the entrance
以及入口外的大道中♥央♥
and down the middle of a processional avenue.
直指向6月21日夏至日时
It points directly to the spot on the horizon
太阳刚刚从地平线
where the sun first appears
升起来的那一点
on June twenty- first, the summer solstice.
每年的这一天
Every year on this day,
太阳升起在入口处
the sun rises above the Heel Stone,
一块叫做足跟石的
a sarsen boulder that stands
砂岩上方
near the entrance.
六个月后
Six months later,
每年日照最短的
on December 21st,
12月21日
the shortest day of the year,
夕阳在石圈另一面
the sun sets on
现已倒塌的中♥央♥石碑的
the opposite side of the circle,
两个支柱之间
between two uprights
没入地平线
of the now- fallen central trilithon.
有人相信巨石阵
Some people believe that Stonehenge
同样也和月亮星星
is also aligned with
对齐 而且可以
the moon and the stars,
帮助人们预测日食
and can help predict eclipses,
但是这些说法都未经证实
but none of these theories are proven.
巨石阵有可能
It is possible that
是一种原始的日历
the circle of stones served
用来提醒农民们
as a kind of crude calendar,
每年种植期内的
alerting farmers to important events
重要事件
in the annual growing season.
最有可能的是
But most likely,
巨石阵是寺庙
Stonehenge was built as a temple,
用于召集人♥民♥
a special place for the community to gather,
举♥行♥神圣的仪式
to perform sacred rituals,
或是祭祀神灵
and to honor their gods.
20世纪时
In the 20th century,
德鲁伊教将石阵
a modern cult of Druids
当做自己的寺庙
adopted the temple as their own,
在此举♥行♥
and used it as a stage for
至日仪式
elaborate solstice ceremonies.
但是到了20世纪七八十年代
But in the 1970's and 80's,
他们的信仰逐渐被
their pagan services were
嬉皮士 毒品和国际新闻
gradually overwhelmed by hippies,
所取代
drugs, and the international press.
为了保护巨石阵
To protect the monument,
每年夏至日时
British authorities now
英国政♥府♥都要关闭这一景点
close Stonehenge on the summer solstice.
铁丝网和全副武装的警卫
Barbed wire and armed guards keep everyone
将人群和古老的石块隔开
away from the ancient stones,
即使是考古学家也不例外
including archaeologists.
6月21日
It's June 21st,
夏至日
the summer solstice,
我认为
which should,
应该是一个
I suppose,
太阳升起在足跟石上时
be a beautiful day with the sun rising up
应该是十分漂亮的
over the heel stone,
可惜却在下雨
but it's raining.
现在确实是很冷很痛苦
It's actually quite cold and miserable now.
我希望是仲夏时
It's, it's a place that
到这个地方来
I wanted to be at the midsummer.
我觉得一些人确实应该来这里
I feel somebody really ought to be here,
但是这并不是灵魂的洗礼
but it's not a very spiritual experience.
对于巨石阵的
I think it could be
建造者来说
and it obviously was to the people
或许确实是精神上的洗礼
who built it.
我是指不考虑那些工程上的因素
I mean, forget all the engineering
不考虑那些计算
and forget the calculations
和那些巨石
and the big stones.
巨石阵是那些所有
I mean, this is the
努力所达到的顶峰
culmination of all that effort.
这就是人们那么辛苦的
This is why people dragged those stones
拖动那些巨石并把它们搭建起来的原因
those great distances and put them up.
他们是在建造一座寺庙
They were building a temple
这对他们来说
and they were building a temple
十分重要
that is important,
在一年中的这个时侯
certainly at this time of the year,
或者是另一个时期
possibly at another time of the year
冬天的时候
in the winter.
很明显 大多数人都
Clearly, there was a tremendous amount of
对此有着强烈的感受
feeling on most peoples' part. . .
古时候的建筑者们需要动力
The ancient builders needed this motivation
帮助他们面对最终的挑战
when they faced their final challenge:
那就是将重达九吨♥的横梁
raising the nine ton lintel twenty-
抬到23英尺高的支柱上
three feet to the top of the uprights.
传统观点认为
The traditional idea
会利用大型木制杠杆
is that the smaller stone
和木垛支架将小一些的石块
was raised slowly with large wooden levers
缓慢抬升
and a timber crib.
罗格急切的想展示
Roger is eager to show
这种方案是如何运作的
how well this can work.
每抬升一次
With each lift,
人们就将厚木条
thick pieces of timber
塞到石块下面
are slid underneath the stone.
穿过来 放下(石块)
Comin through. Ease off.
就这样 木垛被
Little by little,
一点一点的搭起来
the pile of timber grows,
根据传统的说法
and, accordingly to the theory,
石块逐渐会被升到
will gradually lift the stone
支柱上方
to the top of the uprights.
很明显
I think it's clear
要搭建横梁
it would be a perfectly feasible way of
这是一个完美而且可行的方法
getting the lintel up
这方法很奇妙
which is the nice thing about it.
我是说 实际上这是
I mean, when it really—
教科书一样的方法
this is the text book way
大一些的木垛可能更好用
and bigger timbers would be useful,
而且可能木条的
and maybe they wouldn't
形状不是如此规则
have been quite so regular in size,
那可能带来一些其他问题
which might have been a bit of a problem.
马克认为工程进度太慢了
Mark thinks the operation is too slow and,
而且在升到20英尺时
at a height of twenty feet,
就会很危险
would become too precarious.
他想利用一端埋在地上的
He wanted to raise
木制斜坡来抬升横梁
the lintel up a large ramp made out of earth,
可惜的是
but unfortunately,
英国安全官员坚持让他
British safety officers insisted that
使用钢制脚手架保证安全
he use steel scaffolding instead.
脚手架下方立着
Underneath all the scaffolding,
40吨♥重的石块
stands the forty ton stone.
另一块相同的支柱
The second identical upright
紧挨着它
has been raised beside it,
立在一旁
and together,
这两块巨石
the two stones will
将作为巨石牌坊的支柱
form the base of the trilithon.
你认为当年
Is this how you think that
建造巨石阵时
they did it then at the time
人们就是这样做的吗
they built Stonehenge?
朱利安
Well, Julian,
很简单
it's quite simple.
看那里
If you look over there,
你能看到大堆的土
you will see my big pile of earth—
看到了吗
you know,do you see it?
到处都是白灰的地方
Chalk everywhere?
那是一个土堆
It's a pile of earth.