国家地理频道：童贞女王的秘密（2010）

他们称她为童贞女王
They called her the Virgin Queen;
英格兰的第一位女王伊丽莎白一世
England's first Queen Elizabeth.
她的一生是个传奇
A legend in her own lifetime.
而今 她的盛名之下仍旧有许多秘密
Yet, behind her fame lie many secrets.
和未解开的谜团
And an unsolved mystery.
为什么伊丽莎白不结婚
Why didn't Queen Elizabeth marry
并给王位准备继承人?
and provide an heir to the throne?
几个世纪来 各种流言猜测涌现
For centuries, rumors have swirled.
宣称她有通奸后产下的私生子
Claims of illegitimacy, adultery and even that
甚至是她从来就不是个女人
the queen may not have been a woman at all
而是个男人或者这两者之间的某种
but a man, or somewhere in between.
现在 英格兰童贞女王以及
Now, the startling stories and secrets
她那些惊人的故事和秘密
behind England's Virgin Queen.
处♥女♥女王的秘密
她是历史上最具传奇色彩的领导人之一
She's one of history's most storied leaders.
她在位44年成就了著名的英格兰黄金时代
And her 44 year reign became known as England's Golden Age.
当然,除了她的魅力和权力
Yet, for all her charisma and power,
伊丽莎白女王是第一位也是迄今唯一的
Queen Elizabeth the First remained
童贞女王
the Virgin Queen.
她从未结婚 或产下继承人来世袭王位
She never married or produced an heir to the throne.
问题是为什么?
The question is why?
这是她统治期间最大的秘密
It's the greatest mystery of her reign
随之而来的是无数的猜测
and fertile soil for speculation.
她这样的做法招来了许多的流言蜚语
It's the kind of court that might well generate rumors.
那时的人们也会有这样的疑问
Contemporaries must have thought, well,
显然伊丽莎白女王应该结婚
obviously Elizabeth ought to get married
所以为什么却没有呢?
so why isn't she getting married?
沉睡中的小村比斯利据说有这个问题的答案
The sleepy village of Bisley claims to have an answer.
这里距伦敦85英里
Located 85 miles outside of London,
直到今天也没有大的变化
it hasn't changed much today.
欧文坎特位于比斯利
Bisley is home to Overcourt;
曾是亨利八世的一个狩猎小屋
a small hunting lodge of King Henry the Eighth's.
一个能见到石墙庭院的地方
One can still see the stone walled garden
根据传说
where, according to legend,
年幼的伊丽莎白曾在这里和一个同龄的男孩嬉戏
little Lady Elizabeth once played with a boy her age.
现在我们知道这是个比斯利男孩
A boy now known as the Bisley Boy.
故事发生的时候她只有10岁 或11岁
As the story goes, when she is just 10 or 11,
这位年轻的公主曾在他的父亲亨利离开时
the young princess comes to live at Overcourt for a short period of time while
来欧文坎特短住过一段时间
her father, King Henry, is away.
一天她在玩耍时
One day while playing,
伊丽莎白突然得了重病
Elizabeth falls seriously ill.
她的男仆和女佣都吓坏了
Her manservant and maidservant were absolutely terrified
因为国王很快就会回来
because there was a visit of the king coming very shortly
看望他的女儿
to see his daughter.
数小时后她不幸死去
In a matter of hours she dies.
仆人们非常害怕担心会因此而被处刑
They were extremely concerned that they might have their heads chopped off
因为亨利对那些
because he was rather prone to taking draconian action
惹他生气的人非常地严苛
for people who displeased him.
绝望的仆人们突然有了个绝妙的主意
The desperate servants have a stroke of genius.
他们找到了一个当地的孩子代替死去的公主
They'll substitute a local child for the dead princess;
他有着和公主
one who resembles her in age,
相似的年纪 发色和肤色
hair color and complexion.
唯一的问题是 他是个男孩
The only problem, it's a boy.
但是无论如何 机灵的仆人们很快把他打扮得像是伊丽莎白公主
But the quick witted servants dress him as Princess Elizabeth anyhow.
根据传说 这个比斯利男孩和亨利八世如此相像
According to legend the Bisley Boy was related to Henry the Eighth;
因为他们可能是有血缘关系的
which would have accounted for the resemblance.
这个传说在小村流传已经有400多年了
The story has been passed down in this village for over 400 years
当地人至今仍深信不疑
and many of the locals still believe it could be true.
当你回过头去看历史
When you go back in history,
你通过后来对她的成人生活的描写
and you look at the way that she was described later on in her adult life,
就开始能对类似的事件
there does start to become some form of
背后可能的真♥相♥有个大致的了解
semblance of possibly the truth about it.
有传言说这个重病的孩子
And it is rumored that this
在村中居住时
sickly child having spent time in the country
贪吃甜食而蛀坏了牙齿
with her bad teeth through eating
而她回到首都后牙齿变好了
sweet meats and her poor complexion
糟糕的肤色也回到了原样
returns to the capitol with strong healthy teeth.
玫红色的肌肤使她透露出一股阳刚气
And a very rosy complexion on her, sort of masculine build so,
如果确实是一个比斯利的百姓坐在了英格兰的王座上
If indeed a resident of Bisley did sit on throne of England
那么多年 哈
for a number of years then, ah,
我们是不是应该踹上一脚?
were not going to knock it, are we?
真的应该这么干
It's quite appropriate,
一点都没错-就是 就是!
very appropriate.-I think so, I think so!
没有比这更合适的了
More than appropriate.
几个世纪以来
For centuries,
比斯利附近的小镇都会在五月一日进行庆典
towns near the village of Bisley celebrated May Day
在这天把一个男孩打扮成都铎王室成员的样子
by dressing up a boy in the clothing of a female Tudor royal.
这个传说非常有地方特色
The legend provides a nice piece of local color
但是这个故事的大部分听上去不合理
but much of the story seems outlandish.
首先
For one thing,
亨利八世怎么会没有察觉到他的女儿被人掉包了呢?
wouldn't King Henry have noticed a change in his daughter?
不过让人吃惊的是 确有可能
Surprisingly, maybe not.
伊丽莎白与她父亲很少见面
Elizabeth barely saw her father.
某种程度上他们的关系不是很好
The relationship wasn't bad in the sense that
他们曾争吵或是他们之间的关系紧张
they had quarrels or there was tension between them
因为本来就互相疏远
because essentially they were alienated from each other.
那个不务正业的老爸也许从来都没有注意
The deadbeat dad may never have
noticed the gender switch.
那个伊丽莎白是个被遗弃的小孩
Elizabeth was a forsaken child.
她是人们很少提及的那种人
She was someone very rarely referred to.
基本上她就像家用碗柜里的架子
She was basically sort of a skeleton in the family cupboard,
你知道的 被遗忘的那种人 被赶到了乡村小庄
you know,someone to be forgotten,to be farmed out to some country house.
事实上 有个很好的理由把伊丽莎白打发到乡村
In fact, there was good reason to pack Elizabeth off to the country.
那时的伦敦正在疫情中挣扎
At the time London was in the throes of an epidemic,
汗水症
the sweating sickness.
汗水症是一种很特别的致命疾病
Sweating sickness was particularly virulent.
尤其是在1540年代和1550年代间
in the 1540s and the 1550s.
伦敦成了一个肮脏 臭气熏天 令人生厌 不堪入目的地方
London was a dirty, smelly, nsavory, unhygienic place.
一旦被这种病菌感染人会在几小时内死亡
Once a victim was infected，the disease could kill within hours.
这个瘟♥疫♥爆♥发♥的城市对英格兰王室来说并不是一个安全的地方
The plagued city was not a safe place for the royal family.
当伦敦爆发瘟疫时王室就试图迁出
Whenever there was plague in London, the royal family tried to move out.
因为瘟疫非常容易传染 尤其在城市中
Because the plague was very much associated with the urban environment,
所以很有可能伊丽莎白就是在这时
so it's quite possible that Elizabeth would be taken
离开伦敦来到了这个小村庄
out of London into a country house.
年轻的公主可能真的在欧文坎特居住过
So the young princess may actually have stayed at Overcourt,
但对于大多数人来说
but for most people
她死在这里并被一个男孩替换这种说法
the idea that she died there and was replaced by a boy
更像是民间传说而不是真的
seems more folklore than reality.
但到了十九世纪末 这个比斯利男孩的故事
But in the late 1800s, the Bisley Boy story is bolstered
又引起了人们的注意 因为当地一位教区牧师有了惊人的发现
when the vicar of the local church makes a startling discovery.
他宣称找到了当年装有
He claims he found a coffin
伊丽莎白公主遗骸的棺材
containing a skeleton of the girl born Princess Elizabeth.
在确认了以后他又重新埋葬了尸骨
It is believed that he then re-buried the bones.
考古学家马克·赫顿从布里斯托尔
Archaeologist Mark Horton has traveled
赶来这里验证这具棺材
here from Bristol to examine the coffin.
这确实是口棺材
So this is a coffin alright,
一口石棺 不过最大的问题是
a stone coffin， big question
这是罗马时期或中世纪的
is whether it's Roman or medieval in date.
罗马人曾在伊丽莎白女王出生前
The Romans occupied Britain over 1,000 years
占据大不列颠千年之久
before Queen Elizabeth was born;
所以如果这口棺材是罗马时期的
so if the coffin is Roman,
就几乎可以确定不是她的了
it's almost certainly not hers.
这个中世纪棺材的真♥相♥将会
One dead giveaway of a medieval coffin
通过其底部的排水孔而大白于天下
would be a drain hole at the bottom.
排水孔会把腐肉从石棺底部排出
Drain holes are to let the putrefying flesh go out through the bottom,
否则 石棺里充溢着的气体
otherwise, they tend to get gasses building up
在高压强的情况下
and quite often coffins could actually explode
许多石棺可能会爆♥炸♥
with all the bits thrown everywhere.
排水孔在这中间
Drain hole here in the middle.
啊 在那里
Ah, there it is.
赫顿现在可以推断出这口石棺的大致所处年份
Horton can now deduce the approximate date of the coffin.