地平线系列：狂饮真的伤身吗？

"不行 你不能这么做
"No, you can't do this
"不好 我得确保
"Oh, crikey, I must make sure
"你们介意让医学学生来看看吗"
"Would you mind seeing some medical students?"
"我觉得很有趣"
"I think it's really interesting."
"我想那真有趣"
"I think that's really interesting."
"我想那真有趣"
"I think that's really interesting."
"我压根没脱水"
"I'm not dehydrated at all."
"有趣极了 我们必须多研究你们"
"It's fascinating and we must study you more."
*铃鼓*
*Tambourine*
*有个*
*With a...*
肝病科顾问医生 阿什利·布朗博士
爱丽丝 昏昏入睡
乙醇+醇脱氢酶->乙醛
乙醇+醇脱氢酶->乙醛+醛脱氢酶->二氧化碳+水
乙醇+醇脱氢酶->乙醛+醛脱氢酶->二氧化碳+水
乙醇+细胞色素P450 2E1->乙醛
地平线 狂饮真的伤身吗
第0周 第4周
克里斯实验前 克里斯实验后 赞德实验前 赞德实验后 健康控制
第0周血浆内毒素含量 第4周血浆内毒素含量
酿酒师 弗雷德里克·弗兰克
肝
伦敦大学学院 高塔姆·麦塔博士
伦敦大学学院 高塔姆·麦塔博士
圣托马斯医院 格里·卡尔·怀特医生
格伦 千杯不倒
伦敦 皇家自♥由♥医院
皇家自♥由♥医院对于BBC地平线的研究十分感兴趣 近日他们对遵循饮酒指导方针的人群进行了更广泛全面的研究 研究结果将于今年公布
克里斯·范·塔肯医生
狂饮
伦敦大学学院医学院 拉吉夫·贾兰教授
伦敦国王学院医院
肝脏移植顾问医生 奈吉尔·希顿教授
男士
内毒素 脂多糖
女士
乔 红灯附体
庆祝开学
家酿葡萄酒 3杯12.99英镑
剑桥大学 瓦莱丽·文博士
胃
细菌 有益的肠道细菌
小肠
罗切斯特大学 约翰·卡伦医生
赞德·范·塔肯医生
赞德饮酒前 赞德饮酒后4小时 赞德饮酒后24小时
肿瘤坏死因子阿尔法
10.5品脱 你要在一晚上喝完这么多
Ten and a half pints. That's what you've got to do in one night.
2006年美国杂♥志♥发布了一份荟萃分♥析♥
In 2006, a meta analysis of more than a million people
2011年美国一项研究关注酒精
In 2011, an American study looked at the effect of alcohol
2014年 马萨诸塞大学的一项研究
In 2014, a study at the University of Massachusetts
21单位对于你们两人来说确实是不安全的
21 units is certainly not safe for either of you,
6天不喝酒 我就能从一次狂饮中恢复
I can bounce back from a binge in just six alcohol-free days.
爱丽丝 你与此相关的基因是正常的
Alice, you have a typical genetic profile for this,
爱丽丝和乔 你们出现了相同的变异
Alice and Joe, you guys have the same variant,
把它当做润滑剂 帮助我们熬过那前几周
as a lubricant to get us through those first few weeks.
白藜芦醇甚至能够
Resveratrol was even shown
白藜芦醇是其中一种酚类
One of these polyphenols, resveratrol,
斑块是由动脉里的
Plaque is the accumulation of substances
半杯下肚 我就开始有反应了
After a half pint, I'll start to feel the effect kicking in.
半品脱低度陈贮啤酒 或是一小杯烈酒
half a pint of weak lager, or a single shot.
包括你有时也一样
Including you, on occasion.
包括认知测试 测量他们的风险承担能力
including cognitive tests to measure their risk taking.
贝丝最近刚刚取得剑桥大学的学位
Beth has recently finished her degree at Cambridge.
被呕吐物堵住喉咙 窒息 癫痫发作
choking on your own vomit, stopping breathing, having a fit,
比男性要低
are lower for women than for men.
比起我在某天喝了多少酒而言
It probably is important - the total amount of alcohol
比赛结束前 你不能将赌注全压在一匹马上
You can't bet on a horse before it's finished the race.
比我更高
more than me.
比有规律的饮酒方式所带来的损伤更大
contributes more to damage of the liver than steady drinking,
比在其他日子里去世的人要多出20%
from heart attacks on a Monday than any other day.
必然是下一杯
inevitably, to another.
-遍布我们的全身 -遍布全身 是的
- This is all over our body. - All over your body, yeah.
表明了健康的志愿者在仅仅一次狂饮之后
showed an increase in these same inflammatory markers
并不会对我们的健康有多大影响
doesn't have much effect on our health.
并不那么危险
who doesn't drink that often or that regularly?
并分别采集了尿液作对照
for the last 24 hours and kept our urine for comparison.
并且那项实验只有一个研究对象
dates back to 1942 and was based on only one subject.
并亲身实验
and will be putting our own bodies to the test.
并在体内循环
and being circulated around the body.
不 不是的
No, it doesn't.
不管副作用
despite the side effects,
不会每日小酌
that small amount every day.
不可思议
It's remarkable!
不论白天黑夜
Any time of the day or night.
不是小鼠而是人的话
For a person, not a mouse,
不受饮酒类别的干扰
rather than what we drink.
布朗博士研究酒精性肝病的遗传影响
Dr Brown studies the genetics of alcoholic liver disease.
才会全部进入血液
when it exits the stomach and reaches the small intestine.
参考当下正在审查的英国饮酒指南
With the UK drinking guidelines currently under review,
测量结果十分准确
It's a very accurate measure.
差异很大
to the endotoxin levels that we see in Chris's blood.
产生的这种有毒物质 乙醛
produced as we break down alcohol,
肠道中的部分细菌不知为何出逃了
that pieces of bacteria have somehow escaped from the gut.
成年人的脑部活动则会随年龄增长而减少
That all decreases over time as an adult.
成为一种险恶的化学物质 乙醛
into this nasty chemical, the acetaldehyde,
吃午餐的时候喝点啤酒 下午再喝几杯
A few beers at lunch, couple of drinks mid afternoon
除非遭受了无法修复的损伤
Unless it's irreparably damaged,
除了当时拍的照片...
other than from photographs taken...
除了关注最前沿的科学
As well as looking at the latest science,
储存信息 并在考试时回想起来很重要
at university to have the lay-down facts and recall them in exams.
此时距他喝最后一杯酒已有两个半小时
two and a half hours after his last drink.
从3.9增加到了4.9
to 4.9 from 3.9.
从来没想过"我再也不干这傻事了"
"Well, I'm not doing that again."
从某种程度来讲 我觉得自己挺可悲的
In a way I feel quite miserable.
从未进入过血液中
It never gets into the bloodstream.
从现在开始 我们看事情是如何发展的
And from here on, we see how things change.
从一次狂饮改成每日饮酒
from the binging to the everyday drink.
从一个健康女性身上切除20%的肝脏
are taking 20% of a healthy woman's liver
大部分功能都能得以恢复 大多人
much of the function can be recovered and then a large proportion
大多数人 一杯过后
For most of us, one drink leads,
大多数人在疯狂饮酒之后
Most of us would recognise the short-term effects
大家好 很高兴再次见到你们
Hi, guys. Hey, good to see you again.
大家认为一次严重的酗酒行为
People are suggesting that significant binge drinking
大家想想
I think when people think about it,
大脑 在我们初次过度饮酒时
the brain, is most vulnerable to binge drinking right at the time
大脑内的乙醇含量也随之上升
leads to high levels of ethanol building up in the brain,
大学一年级派对大多都是这样
That was a typical first-year party.
代谢缓慢
at this first stage,
但从全球来看 饮酒参考量则千差万别
But around the world, drinking guidelines are very different.
但大部分酒离开胃到达小肠时
However, the majority will only enter the blood
但对于格伦 他的两种酶都正常工作
But in Glen's case, his enzymes work normally,
但还是让我们看一下"单位"的含义
but let's look at what it means.
但即使你已经过了60岁甚至70岁
But even if you're 60 or 70,
但酒精能让人上瘾 在我们测试的四周之后
But alcohol can be addictive, and after four weeks of our test,
但可能也没有克里斯所想的那么严重
but I might not be as wrong as Chris thinks I am.
但克里斯相信
But is Chris right to believe
但乔 这就是你的基因发生变异的地方
But, Joe, this is where you have a variation in your genes
但如果含量较高 它的副产品乙醛是有害的
but at high levels, its by-product - acetaldehyde - is damaging.
但是 那是指南
but...they are guidelines.
但是肝脏炎症反应升高了25%
but that's a 25% increase in liver inflammation.
但是克里斯将这些酒平均分配
but Chris has been spreading his units out,
但是其能承受的损伤也是有限度的
But there's a limit to how much abuse it can take.
但是三杯的量对我也产生了影响
but three units affected me, too.
但是实际上我觉得
but actually I feel quite...
但是他的确告诉了我一些有趣的信息
but he did say a few interesting things -
但是为什么仅仅改变饮酒方式
But why does simply altering the drinking pattern
但是我们还不清楚我们为什么会宿醉
'but we still don't really know why we get hangovers.
但是我能看出有明显的不同
But I think I can see a clear difference here.
但是我认为就我们看到的数据来说结果很清晰
but I think it's very clear that with the data we have seen,
但是我认为可能在未来我们会重新设定
But I think, probably, in the future we will reset
但是我要在一晚内喝完
but I'm going to do it all in one night.
但是我知道了新的信息
Except that I do have new information,
但是无论他们说什么 我们会听从吗
But whatever they say, will we listen?
但是要达到和鱼一样的剂量
Except that in order to get the same dose as the fish,
但是一天的量也就是这 一两个单位
But this was the amount, one to two units a day.
但是这不意味着
but it still doesn't seem
但随着你年龄的增长 它会有所改变
but as you age it then changes,
但它明显跳得比你哥哥的心脏更剧烈