纪录片.PBS.美国大师.马克·罗斯科（2019）

下一个是第20号♥拍品
Lot 20 is next.
马克·罗斯科 “橙，红，黄”
The Mark Rothko "Orange, Red, Yellow,
起拍价2400万美元
and $24 million starts.
2400万， 2500万，2600万，2700万
$24 million, $25 million, $26 million, $27 million,
2800万， 2900万，3000万，3100万
$28 million, $29 million, $30 million, $31 million,
3200万，3300万
$32 million, $33 million,
4500万，5300万，5600万...
$45 million, $53 million, $56 million...
我们经手的典型的高端拍品
Typically for a high-profile lot that we sell,
通常每场拍卖♥♥平均持续2-3分钟
you're looking at two to three minutes would be sort of
通常是这样
an average time frame,
但是罗斯科的作品，拍卖♥♥将持续7分钟
and for the Rothko, the bidding war lasted for seven minutes,
超过50次竞价
with over 50 bids made.
7400万美元。什么？7500万美元？
$74 million. What's that, $75 million?
7500万，7750万，买♥♥家是Brett Spitter
$75 million, $77-million-5, and selling to Brett Spitter.
最后一次，7750万美元
Fair warning, all done at $77,500,000.
Brett Spitter出价7750万
Brett Spitter at $77-million-5.
这不仅创造了Rothko作品的拍卖♥♥记录
Not only was this sale the world record for the artist,
此刻还成为了全球范围内战后和
at the time, it was the most expensive post-war and contemporary
现代艺术品中最昂贵的。
artwork ever sold in the world.
他要是活着肯定会震惊
I think he would have been appalled.
现在的拍卖♥♥市场价格反映出一种文化现象：
The auction prices now really reflect a culture in which
画作被视为投资品
paintings are considered an investment
而不是人们关心且愿意伴随其生活的某种东西。
rather than something you really care about and want to live with.
他经常说：“画作生存在敏感观看者的视线中”
He often said, "A painting lives in the eyes of a sensitive viewer,
我认为他所在意的就是那些“敏感观看者”。
and I think that particular audience was what he cared about.
我觉得Rothko是美国最伟大的艺术家之一
I think Rothko is one of our great American artists.
他的作品看上去貌似简单，但实际上非常深刻
A Rothko is deceptively simple and yet profound.
他的作品中绝无“简单”可言
There's nothing simple about Rothko's work.
而是非常复杂
It's actually very complex.
你如果觉得那简单，应该自己画一个试试看
If you think it is simple, you should try to do it yourself.
我认为我父亲在传达画作中的严肃性
I think my father really communicated the seriousness
画作不是仅供人看看而已的东西
of painting. The painting wasn't something just to look at.
它不是那种因为简单易懂
It wasn't something that you appreciated because
而被你所喜爱的东西
it appealed simply to the senses.
我觉得他想要观看者窥探自身内心
I think he wanted the viewer to look inside themselves
看看画作从他们内心深处唤醒了什么
and see what the painting brought out in them.
我知道有些人会坐在Rothko的画前看一个小时
I've known few people who have sat in front of Rothko for an hour,
它真的改变了他们的生活
and it has literally changed their life.
Rothko的画让你以一种意想不到的方式敞开自我
Mark Rothko's work opens you up in ways that you're not expecting.
我原来以为Rothko的画只不过是一些
I used to think that Rothko paintings were just these
简单的方块...
easy squares...
...但是看的时间越长，看到的就越多，
..and the longer I look at the Rothko paintings,
看到我们的世界
the more I see these worlds,
看到那些他想要我们前往的地方
these kind of locations that he wants us to go to,
我很喜欢。它就这样对我开放了，你明白吗？
and I like that. Then it's open, you know?
我的体验越来越不同于你的体验
What is my experience going to be is gonna be different than what
而同时，两者都是对的体验。
your experience is gonna be, and both of them are right.
他的作品具有非同寻常的聚合力
It's very unusual that he created something cohesively.
一个世纪之后，它能拓展成一种语言
A century later, it can expand into a language
那种我们都没意识到我们需要的语言
that we didn't know that we needed.
我们所处一个混乱的时代，充满了不安和焦虑
This chaotic time that we live in, the angst, the anxiety,
Rothko给所有那些东西一种框架
all of that is given a framework by Mark Rothko.
今天是个重访Rothko的好时候
Today is a great time, great context to revisit a Mark Rothko
坐在他的画前，度过一个又一个小时
and sit in front of it for hours and hours.
我已经在舞台上扮演Rothko几百次了
Well, I've played Mark Rothko on stage a few hundred times now
这些年，我觉得我无法再出演如此深刻
over the years, and I don't think I'll ever play as deep
如此复杂的角色了
and as complicated a role again.
我觉得这是我自己的李尔王
I think this is- This is my King Lear.
看看那些色块中间的张力
L-Look at the tension between the blocks of colour.
我和Rothko的第一个共同点是
The first thing I connected with Mark Rothko was the fact that
他是一个移♥民♥
he was an immigrant.
我父母在英国也是移♥民♥
My parents were immigrants to the UK.
那种离开家乡的心理状态，
I think that particular mind-set of being taken away from your home
来到陌生的国度，你必须直面那些
and going to a new country and all the issues and problems
所有那些问题和麻烦。
that you have to confront with that.
我父亲出生在德文斯克，当时属于沙俄帝国
My father was born in Dvinsk, which was then a part of the Russian Empire.
德文斯克属于“栅栏区”的一部分，
Dvinsk was part of the Pale of Settlement, which was this
“栅栏区”是沙俄允许并仅限犹太人定居的地方
wide swath of land where Jews were allowed to live,
那时反犹风潮正盛
and anti-Semitism was rampant.
大量军队驻扎在德文斯克
There was an incredible military presence in Dvinsk.
他哥哥摩西写下了哥萨克骑兵的暴行
His brother Moise writes about the Cossacks running through town
他们骑着马扫荡城镇居民
on horseback and whipping the townspeople,
马克（罗斯科）曾表示他鼻子上的疤痕
and Mark actually suggests that he has a scar on his nose
就是哥萨克人造成的
that was caused by such a whip.
我祖父和他的2位兄长应征入伍
My father's father and his two older brothers were conscripted into
在沙皇军队服役，他们决定宁愿做逃兵也不参加战斗
the Tsar's army, and they decided that they would rather flee than fight.
他们很难能在军队里存活几个冬季
It would have been very unlikely that they would have seen more than
于是他们决定移♥民♥美国
a couple of winters in the army, so they decided to emigrate to the U.S.
我父亲1913年离开德文斯克
My father left Dvinsk in 1913.
他们乘蒸汽船到了美国，在埃利斯岛*登陆
*纽约市附近的小岛，1♥8♥9♥2 至 1943 年间是美国的移♥民♥检查站
And they came by steamer to the U.S. and landed at Ellis Island.
在1880-1924年间，有250万犹太人离开沙俄帝国
Between 1880 and 1924, 2.5 million Jews came to the United States
来到了美国
from Imperial Russia.
他们直接乘火车去了俄勒冈的波特兰市
They fairly immediately got on a train to Portland, Oregon.
当时那边有个亲戚，魏因斯坦一家
There was a relative, the Weinsteins,
他们定居在那里
who had already settled there,
看起来是个适合落脚的地方
and therefore it seemed like a likely place
我祖父于是就去了那儿
for my grandfather to decide to try to settle.
我妈妈给我穿了一套巴斯特布朗*的衣服
*美国早期卡♥通♥儿童形象
"My mother fixed me up with one of those Buster Brown suits.
你无法想象身为犹太儿童，穿着那种衣服
You don't know what it's like to be a Jewish kid dressed in a suit
那种德文斯克产的衣服，完全不是美式服装
made in Dvinsk, not an American idea of a suit.
横穿美国，一句英语都不会说
Traveling across America, not able to speak a word of English,
我永远记得迁移到新大♥陆♥
I could never forgive transplantation to a land
在那儿我永远没有家的感觉
where I never felt at home.
Rothko刚来美国时名字是Markus Rothkowitz
Rothko arrives in this country as Markus Rothkowitz.
这件事影响了他的一生
It's an event that shapes his being his entire life.
我父亲来到后不到一年
And within less than a year of my father's arrival,
我祖父去世了，很年轻，因为癌症
my grandfather died, quite young, of cancer.
马克必须卖♥♥报纸支撑家庭收入
And Mark had to raise money for the family by selling newspapers.
很多移♥民♥孩子都干这个
This was something that a lot of the immigrant kids did
经常会带着伤回家，因为街角的地盘
and would come home beaten up because the other guys didn't want
已经有人占了
another corner taken up.
他还在他叔叔店里打工
He also got a job in his uncle's store,
“纽约服饰公♥司♥”，在波特兰市中心
the New York Outfitting Company in downtown Portland.
闲暇时候，马克会画一些涂鸦
Things sometimes got quiet, and Mark would doodle or draw on
在店里的纸巾上
New York Outfitting wrapping paper.
有天他叔叔来了，他说，
His uncle happened to come by one day and say,
马克，你在干啥？
Mark, what are you doing?
马克于是就给他看
and Mark would show him.
他说：“嗯，你那样是赚不到生计的”
He says, "Uh-uh, you're not gonna be able to earn a living that way.
在高中，Markus Rothkowitz经常会惹麻烦
In high school, Markus Rothkowitz is a bit of a troublemaker,
情绪化，聪明，关心政♥治♥
moody, intellectual, politically interested.
他很关注工人♥权♥利
He's very aware of workers' rights,
公平工资，体面的住房♥
fair salaries, decent housing,
作为一个很能说的年轻人，他逐渐出名，
and he becomes known as a mouthy young man.
Mark Rothko 3年后从林肯高中毕业
Mark Rothko graduated in three years from Lincoln High School,
那时“俄勒冈人”发表了一篇文章
and there was an article in "The Oregonian" that noted that
报道了3位年轻人获得耶鲁大学的全额奖学金
three young men had gotten full scholarships to go to Yale University
他们来自林肯高中的毕业班
from the graduating class of Lincoln High School.
奖学金在次年被取消了
The scholarships are withdrawn the second year because Yale
因为在白人新教♥徒♥文化腹地的耶鲁，尚未准备好迎接
wasn't ready to have verbal, accomplished, politically inclined
这些有口才，有成就，有政♥治♥倾向的犹太学生，
Jewish students in the middle of the bastion of WASP culture.
第二年，他在市中心洗衣店打工来支持自己的学业
The second year, he supports himself by working in a laundry downtown,
还在餐厅打第二份工
and he works in a dining hall with all the swells.
他撑过第二年后，决定放弃
He gets through his second year and decides that he can't go on,
他没有回家，而是去了纽约
and instead of coming home, he goes to New York.
20年代纽约的艺术圈子很小
In the art scene in New York in the '20s, it's unimaginably small.
所有人都彼此认识，想要学习任何现代艺术
I think everybody knew everybody, and to study modern art
都要去“艺术学生联盟”
in any sense, you really went to the Art Students League.
那儿有开放工作室和造型集♥会♥
It's a place where there were open studios and modelling sessions,