自然界大事件（2009）

这些熊的确已经饥肠辘辘了
These bears are really hungry.
他们已经有10个月没有尝过马哈鱼的滋味了
They haven't tasted salmon for 1 0 months
成年的雄性灰熊为争夺最有利的狩猎地点相互争斗
and the big males battle for the best fishing spots.
马哈鱼沿着上游♥行♥进的时间越长
The longer the salmon take over their journey upstream,
就会变得越虚弱
the weaker they become.
而这些瀑布却将带给他们最大的挑战
And these falls present them with their biggest challenge yet.
虽然这些瀑布并不是很高 但灰熊却占据了有利地形
Although the falls aren't very tall, the bears hold the high ground.
马哈鱼们做着试探性的跳跃 试图确定灰熊的位置
The salmon make short exploratory leaps to see where the bears are.
但它们并不总能正确地判断方向
But they don't always get it right.
这只母熊已经翘首期盼了好几个月 就等这一刻
This mother bear has been waiting months for this moment.
为了先尝到第一只马哈鱼的滋味
Competition is fierce for these first salmon,
母亲甚至和自己的孩子们激烈地争夺了起来
even between a mother and her own cubs.
越来越多的马哈鱼到了瀑布脚下
More and more fish arrive at the foot of the falls.
尽管面临重重危险 它们还是要迎向瀑布
Eventually they have to go for it, regardless of the danger.
但它们毕竟人多势众
But numbers are on their side.
一只马哈鱼的牺牲 能换来好几百只同伴的顺利通过
For every salmon that gets caught, hundreds make it past the bears.
到了九月初
By early September,
马哈鱼们离自己的出生地也不远了
the salmon have almost reached their spawning grounds,
也就是四年前孵育它们的那片沙砾
that one particular patch of gravel where they hatched four years ago.
如今 鱼群已经深入内陆了
The salmon have now travelled far inland
从加利福尼亚到北冰洋 都能看到它们的身影
and can be found from California to the Arctic Ocean,
它们几乎穿越了1 5的北美大♥陆♥
across a fifth of the entire continent of North America.
但此番旅程伤亡惨重
But the journey has taken a heavy toll.
只有0.4%的马哈鱼能回到自己的出生地
For every thousand that hatched, only four manage to return.
对于成功抵达目的地的马哈鱼来说
And even for those salmon that have made it back,
回到出生地 并不意味着可以享受安逸的生活
there are still more dangers.
它们终于到达了
They have finally reached the end of their road
却早已筋疲力尽 以至于很容易就成为被捕食的对象
and are so tired and battered that they are easy prey.
现在 灰熊占尽了天时地利
The advantage is fully to the bears now.
它们已经被满眼的食物给宠坏了
The bears are spoiled for choice.
在最适宜的产卵区域
In the best spawning areas,
每英里水域能有上千只马哈鱼
there are thousands of salmon in every mile of river.
接下来的两个月 灰熊们都可以大快朵颐了
The bears here will gorge themselves for the next two months
熊妈妈和熊宝宝们也能多长些膘
and the mothers with their cubs can now gain the weight they will need
以应付即将到来的冬天
if they are to make it through the coming winter.
这里的马哈鱼实在太多了 连熊宝宝也跃跃欲试
The salmon are so abundant that even the little cub is having a go.
它逮住了一只雌性的粉红马哈鱼 是马哈鱼里最小的一类种群
He has caught a female pink, the smallest of the salmon species.
它已经开始学习一只成年灰熊应掌握的生存技能
He is already learning the skills he will need to survive as an adult.
但离掌握纯熟还有一段距离
But he's got a little way to go yet.
如今 虽然马哈鱼只能受灰熊摆布
Although the salmon are now at the mercy of the bears,
它们却不会离开这里
they will not leave this place.
天性促使它们在这产卵
Their nature impels them to lay their eggs
也就在这片曾经孕育它们的水域
where they themselves were born.
虽然这些灰熊将它们作为盘中餐
Even though the bears eat their fill,
但大部分的马哈鱼都能撑到产卵期
there are so many salmon that most will survive to spawn.
红大马哈鱼鲜亮的体表意味着它们已经做好繁衍后代的准备了
The sockeye salmon's brilliant colour signals that they are ready to breed.
雄性马哈鱼为了得到雌性马哈鱼的青睐 而相互争斗
Males battle with each other for position behind the females.
雌性马哈鱼挖了一个浅坑作为巢穴
The female digs out a shallow scoop as a nest.
雄性马哈鱼在其配偶的上方停驻 催促她赶紧产卵
The male nestles up against the female, stimulating her to release her eggs.
当雌性马哈鱼做好了准备 便低浮在巢穴上方
When she's ready, she lowers herself over the nest.
开始产卵
She begins to turn out her eggs
雄性马哈鱼也将自己的精♥子♥喷洒到水中
and the male releases a cloud of sperm into the water.
这些马哈鱼就好比是彩票赢家
These salmon are the lottery winners,
能够幸运地返回 并成功地♥产♥卵
the lucky ones that have succeeded in returning here to spawn.
但它们数量之众 已经能诞下足够多的后代了
But there are enough of them to seed the next generation.
产卵期是一个物质丰富的时节
The spawning season is a time of extreme abundance,
因为在马哈鱼确保自己生命得以延续的同时
for in the course of ensuring their own survival,
也为其它种群的生物提供了食物
the salmon provide food for a horde of other creatures.
这些波拿巴海鸥正在采集这时节里的一道美味佳肴
These Bonaparte gulls are collecting one of the season's great delicacies...
马哈鱼卵
salmon eggs.
对于灰熊来说 马哈鱼的产卵时节把今年的盛筵推向了高♥潮♥
For the bears, the salmon spawning season is the pinnacle of the year.
但对于马哈鱼来说
But for the salmon,
这是它们整个生命历程中最后的尖峰时刻
it's the pinnacle of their entire lives.
所有回到原点的马哈鱼
All that have reached it
都会在它们生命启程的那个地方 走完自己最后的时光
will end their days in the very place where they began them.
这漫长的旅途所带来的疲惫和折磨也开始显现了出来
The wear and tear of their long journey is now showing.
它们的身体状况在接下来的几周里持续恶化
Their bodies have been deteriorating for weeks
随着最后一次产卵的结束 它们的生命之火熄灭了
and with this last act of reproduction, they are finally spent.
但即使在它们死后
But even in death,
这些马哈鱼仍旧造福着这片森林里的动物
the salmon continue to benefit the animals of the forest.
熊妈妈和熊宝宝们从死亡的马哈鱼身上获得能量 使自己变得更加强壮
The mother and her cubs will continue to fatten themselves on the carcasses
好到11月份
until they are ready to head back up the mountain
能重新回到山上的洞穴做好准备
to den in November.
为什么太平洋马哈鱼一定要在它们产卵后死去
Why Pacific salmon have to die after they reproduce
我们还不是很清楚
is not clearly understood.
大西洋马哈鱼就不这么做 它们年复一年地回来产卵
Atlantic salmon don't. They return year after year to spawn.
但太平洋马哈鱼被腐蚀了的尸体滋养了这些河流
But the Pacific salmons' decaying bodies nourish the rivers,
为它们成长中的孩子提供了充足的食物
providing abundant food for their growing eggs.
马哈鱼所做的一切都是为了它们的后代
And that is what it has been all about for the salmon.
当小马哈鱼从这些漂亮的橙色小球里出来的时候
All their trials and tribulations have ensured that the baby salmon,
它们父辈所经历的所有试炼和磨难
when they emerge from these beautiful orange globes,
确保它们能具备所需的一切
will have everything they need to begin this incredible journey
以开始这周而复始的 不可思议的旅行
all over again.
然而 马哈鱼不只是在河流和小溪间留下它们的宝贵遗产
But the legacy of the salmon extends far beyond the rivers and streams.
它们处于一个庞大的生物网络的中心
They are at the heart of a massive network of life.
仅在这片大森林里 就有超过200例的物种
There are more than 200 species in the Great Forest alone,
无论是树木 昆虫 还是鸟类或哺乳类动物 马哈鱼都是它们赖以生存的食物
plants and insects, birds and mammals, that depend on the salmon.
因此 在太平洋马哈鱼游荡于外海和待在内陆的这段时间里
It's possible that Pacific salmon,
它们所养活的生命
between their time out at sea and their time inland,
恐怕比这地球上任何一种物种都要多得多
feed more life than any other animal species on the planet.
马哈鱼留下的遗产还有另一项益处
And there is one more beneficiary of the salmon's legacy.
这些马哈鱼是把森林和海洋联♥系♥起来的唯一链条
The fish are a unique link between the ocean and the forest.
它们生于淡水 长于海洋
Born in fresh water, they live their life in the sea
在那里 它们获得了成长所需的各种养分
and there gather nutrients with which they build their bodies.
现在 它们喂饱了灰熊和狼群之后
Now, scattered by feeding bears and wolves,
把最后一份遗产留给了森林
the last bequest of these salmon is to the forest.
那些从海洋里获得的 并被它们存于体内的氮元素 碳元素和磷元素
Nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus that was gathered in the ocean
现在都从它们被分解的尸体里释放出来了
is now released from their decaying bodies,
这些元素为北美云杉 铅笔柏和西部铁杉等树木
providing the nutrients that enable these trees,
提供了丰富的养料
Sitka spruce, red cedar,
从而使它们能够不断向上生长
and western hemlock,
达到惊人的高度
to grow to such prodigious heights.
现在我们已经知道 这片马哈鱼产卵的沿海森林中
It is now known that 80% of the nitrogen in these coastal forests
80%的氮元素都来源于海洋
where the salmon spawn, comes from the sea,
它们是被返回故乡的马哈鱼们携带进来的
carried in the bodies of the returning fish.
这些树木离海洋大概有好几百英里
The trees may be growing hundreds of miles from the ocean,
但它们仍然被富饶的海洋滋养着
but they are still nourished by its richness.
大森林里的河流
The rivers of the Great Forest,
就好比动物体内的静脉和动脉 运载着这片森林的生命之血
like the veins and arteries of an animal, carry its lifeblood,
太平洋马哈鱼 恰恰遍布其中
the Pacific salmon, throughout.
而没有谁比灰熊更依赖于它们了
And no animal relies on them more than the grizzly bear.
真是多亏了马哈鱼的大批迁徙
Thanks in large part to the abundance of the salmon run,
这些小熊才得以熬过它们生命中第一个 也是最艰难的年头
these cubs have survived their first and most difficult year.
只要太平洋马哈鱼继续它们史诗般的迁徙
The bears will sleep easy each winter
这些灰熊总能自在地冬眠
as long as the Pacific salmon are able to continue their epic run.
这就是自然大事件里的其中一章
One of nature's great events.
自 然 界 大 事 件
幕 后 花 絮
在拍摄马哈鱼大逃亡的过程中
In making The Great Salmon Run,
制♥作♥人杰夫 · 特纳想弄清楚一件事
filmmaker Jeff Turner wanted to discover exactly how grizzly bears
到底灰熊是如何逮住水中的马哈鱼的
caught salmon underwater.
然而 他对灰熊世界研究的深入程度
But his quest was to take him deeper into the world of the grizzly
竟远远超出他的预料之外
than he had ever imagined.
与 灰 熊 的 亲 密 接 触
杰夫和他的制♥作♥团队面临的第一个挑战
The first challenge that Jeff and the team faced
是如何把他们最先进的高清晰度摄像设备
was to get their latest high-definition camera systems
带到英属哥伦比亚的丛林中
into the wilds of British Columbia.
这是现代的野生动物摄影
This is modern-day wildlife filmmaking.
没一辆车 你哪里都别想去
You can't go anywhere without about half a ton of gear.
我们的计划很缜密 野生动物看不到我们
It's very discreet. Animals don't notice us at all.
杰夫有超过二十年的野外拍摄灰熊的经验
Jeff has more than 20 years'experience of filming grizzlies
比其他任何人都清楚怎样和它们相处