冰冻星球（2011）

..比几乎任何其它灵长类动物都高
..higher than almost any other primate.
但在这里，温暖的火山池
But here, the warm volcanic pools
随时准备好接待
are always ready and waiting.
一个好的热水澡可以降低它们的压力荷尔蒙，
A nice hot bath lowers stress hormones for them,
就像我们人类一样
just as it does for us.
然而，进入这个水疗中心是被严格控制的
Admission to this spa, however, is tightly controlled.
高等级雌性决定谁可以进入...
The high-ranking females dictate who is allowed in...
..谁会必须离开
..and who will be left out in the cold.
这个三岁的雄猴最近
This three-year-old male has recently been
被猴群开除
expelled from his troop.
它饿了
He's hungry.
猕猴主要是素食
Macaques are largely vegetarian.
在冬天，任何食物都稀缺的时候，
In the winter, when food of any kind is scarce,
它们将寻找任何稍微可食用的东西
they will tackle anything remotely edible.
然而，一个孤独的年轻雄性不太可能活得更久
However, a lone young male is unlikely to survive much longer
除非它能找到保暖的方法
unless he can find a way of keeping warm.
为此，它可能必须穿越
And to do so, he may have to travel through
长达 50 英里的空旷森林
up to 50 miles of empty forest.
赤♥裸♥的手和脚会变得非常寒冷
Bare hands and feet can become painfully cold.
摩擦它们有助于恢复血液循环
Rubbing them helps restore the circulation.
冻伤可能是致命的
Frostbite could be fatal.
年轻的雄性猕猴最有可能死亡
Young male macaques are most likely to die
在它们的第一个冬天，更容易死亡
in their first winter than at any other time.
但就像它一样，这里还有另一个年轻的雄性弃儿
But just like him, here is another young male outcast.
梳理毛发是建立
Offering to groom is a standard way of establishing
猕猴之间的友好关系的常用办法
a friendly relationship among macaques.
而陌生人温暖的拥抱也很受欢迎
And the stranger's warm embrace is very welcome.
通过挤在一起，它们互相保护免受雪寒，
By huddling together, they shield each other from the snow,
它们的体温都升高了...
and both their temperatures rise...
..只是一点
..just a little.
但这足以挽救它们两个的生命
This could be enough to save the lives of both of them.
较低山坡上的积雪可能是一项重大挑战
Snow on lower mountain slopes can be a major challenge
对于生活在那里的任何动物
for any of the animals that live there.
然而，在高峰上，真正的暴雪可能是致命的
On the high peaks, however, really heavy snowfalls can be lethal.
北美的落基山脉
The Rockies in North America.
它们的高度超过 4,400 米
They rise to heights of over 4,400 metres.
冬天，风吹过高高的山峰
In the winter, the winds blowing across the high summits
可以产生积雪的悬垂 - 雪飞檐 - 厚达十米
can create snowy overhangs - cornices - up to ten metres thick
并重达数吨♥
and weighing many tonnes.
春天，随着气温的升高，
In the spring, as the temperatures rise,
飞檐可能会变得不稳定...
the cornices may become unstable...
..这可能是灾难性的
..and that can be catastrophic.
雪崩
Avalanche.
当它向下翻滚时，
As it tumbles downwards,
它加速到100mph或更高的速度
it accelerates to speeds of 100mph or more.
只有赛车操控式无人机相机可以跟随雪崩
Only a racer drone camera can follow its course.
在短短两分钟内，多达一百万吨♥的雪
In just two minutes, up to a million tonnes of snow
冲下山腰
hurtle down the mountainside.
雪崩可能具有巨大的破坏性，
Avalanches can be hugely destructive,
气候变化使它们越来越难以预测
and climate change is making them more and more unpredictable.
在南太平洋的新西兰群岛上，
In the South Pacific, on the islands of New Zealand,
一种高度聪明的动物，学会了如何利用
one highly intelligent creature has learned how to take advantage
山的多变性
of the volatile nature of mountains.
食肉鹦鹉
The kea.
鹦鹉的一种
A species of parrot.
它是鹦鹉家族中唯一可以生活在雪线之上的，
It's the only one of its family that can live above the snowline,
也是唯一一种积极寻找肉类的鸟
and the only one that actively looks for meat.
山羊的尸体
The carcass of a mountain goat.
这只成年雄性鹦鹉有一个锋利的喙......
This adult male kea has a razor-sharp beak...
..非常适合屠宰
..which is well suited for butchery.
富含卡路里的肉会帮助它度过冬天
Flesh rich in calories will help him through the winter.
但它并没有长久地只为自己
But he doesn't have it for himself for long.
一群幼年鹦鹉
A gang of juvenile keas.
这些年轻的鹦鹉会跟随年长、更有经验的成年鸟学习...
These younger keas shadow the older, more experienced adults...
..学习山地生存技巧...
..to learn the tricks of mountain survival...
..以及在哪里可以找到食物
..and where to find food.
但是还没有轮到它们的时候...
But while waiting their turn...
..有时间玩耍
..there's time to play.
这种看似无忧无虑的行为是有好处的
There's a benefit to this apparently carefree behaviour.
它有助于建立持久的关系
It helps establish long-lasting relationships
在年轻鹦鹉之间...
between the youngsters...
..甚至化解紧张...
..and even defuses tension...
..这样，当一只鹦鹉发现一顿稀有但丰盛的大餐时......
..so that when one kea finds a rare but substantial meal...
..它经常愿意分享
..it often willingly shares it.
这是非常重要的行为，尤其是在冬天，
And that is very important behaviour, particularly in winter,
当食物如此稀缺时
when food is so scarce.
在较大的山脉中，对食物的追求
In larger mountain chains, the quest for food
可以变得更加苛刻
can become even more demanding.
南美洲的安第斯山脉
The Andes in South America.
地球上最长的山脉
The longest range on Earth.
它向南极延伸超过 4,500 英里
It stretches for over 4,500 miles down towards the Antarctic.
在它的最南端，太阳在天空中仍然如此之低
At its southernmost end, the sun remains so low in the sky
它带来的热量很少
that it brings little warmth
气温经常降到冰点以下
and temperatures regularly drop below freezing.
冬天，大地笼罩在黑暗之中
In winter, the land is shrouded in darkness
每天将近15个小时
for almost 15 hours a day.
天黑时，捕食者在这里也得捕猎
Here, a predator has to hunt when it's so dark
只有热像仪才能让我们的眼睛看到它们的活动
that only a thermal camera can make its activities visible to our eyes.
美洲狮
The puma.
这位一岁大的雌性面临着令人生畏的前景
This one-year-old female faces a daunting prospect.
她刚刚离开母亲，独♥立♥了
She has just left her mother and become independent
在一年中最艰难的时候...
at the most demanding time of the year...
.猎物最稀缺
..when prey is at its most scarce.
唯一实用的目标是一种美洲驼
The only substantial targets are a kind of llama.
羊驼
Guanaco.
成年驼身高1.5米，体重是美洲狮的两倍
An adult stands 1.5 metres tall and is twice the puma's weight.
然而，这位雌性有一个优势--
This female, however, has one advantage -
出色的夜视能力
excellent night-vision.
如果这个年轻美洲狮，能在离羊驼五米以内的地方，
If the youngster can get within five metres of a guanaco,
她就有成功的机会
she has a chance of success.
但羊驼确实有非常敏锐的嗅觉...
But the guanaco do have a very acute sense of smell...
..和出色的听力
..and excellent hearing.
经过六个小时的耐心在下风跟踪...
After six hours of patient stalking from downwind...
..美洲狮终于在触手可及的距离之内
..the puma is finally within striking distance.
一次徒劳无功的机会
A wasted opportunity.
一晚上三次失败的尝试
Three failed attempts in one night
已经耗尽了她的储备
have drained her reserves.
她的缺乏经验使她濒临挨饿
Her inexperience is leaving her close to starvation.
另一种淡淡的香味飘过来
Another faint scent.
但它正在带领这个年轻人进入另一只美洲狮的领地
But it's leading this youngster into the territory of another puma.
她的邻居，一位雌性，比她年长，也更有经验...
Her neighbour, a female, is older and more experienced than she is...
..并且已经成功猎杀
..and has already made a successful kill.
年轻的雌性必须小心接近
The younger female must approach with caution.
成年美洲狮天生独来独往...
Adult pumas are solitary by nature...
..而且通常不欢迎竞争对手
..and don't normally welcome rivals.
她以屈服的姿态向后退去
She falls back in a gesture of submission.
但如果她在接下来的几天内不吃东西，
But if she doesn't eat within the next few days,
她不太可能活下来
she's unlikely to survive.
较大的雌性现在不再积极吃食......
The larger female is now no longer actively feeding...
..所以她采取了另一种方法
..so she makes another approach.
最后，主人不理她了
At last, the owner ignores her.
美洲狮是唯一独行的大猫
Pumas are the only solitary big cat
能够与邻居共用晚餐
known to share a meal with a neighbour.
也许这只年轻的美洲狮在它的邻居的帮助下，
Maybe the young puma, with the help of its neighbour,
毕竟，她会熬过她的第一个冬天
will, after all, survive her first winter.
也许有一天这只年长的大猫
And maybe the older cat one day
将需要回报
will be in need of a favour returned.
安第斯山脉较低的斜坡很陡峭
The lower slopes of the Andes are harsh.
但越往高，山变得更超凡脱俗
But climb higher, and the mountains become otherworldly.
它们的高度阻止了雨云从东方吹来...
Their altitude prevents rain clouds from blowing in from the east...