星空瞰华夏（2020）

and shrines of existing religions.
将当时各宗教留下的神庙损毁殆尽
But here at the Mati Grottoes.
但在马蹄石窟中
Wow, look at all these niches!
看这些壁龛
Jenny's noticed something surprising.
珍妮发现了一些端倪
The structure of it, the archway,
它的结构 拱道
this is largely of the Yuan Dynasty style.
基本是元朝风格
Everywhere, signs that the carving
处处迹象表明 在忽必烈的统治下
continued under Kublai Khan.
开凿得以继续
The dress and also the hairstyle,
服饰 发式
the very peaceful, calm expression on the face,
平淡安详的面部表情
the lotus seat too is very typical of the Yuan period.
以及莲座 都是元朝时期的典型特征
This shows that Buddhism didn't just
这说明在忽必烈的统治下
survive under Kublai Khan, it thrived!
佛教不仅幸存 更被发扬光大
And back in Xanadu, Li Hailiang,
再回到上都
director of the Xanadu Museum has evidence that suggests
元上都博物馆馆长李海亮 有证据表明
this went far beyond just Buddhism.
受益的不只是佛教
This artifact is a tomb headstone,
这件文物是一个墓碑石
it's got Islamic texts carved on it.
雕刻着伊♥斯♥兰♥教的碑文
The Yuan Dynasty implemented an all-embracing policy
针对宗教 元朝实施的政策是
towards all religions.
兼容并包
This kind of freedom of belief was unprecedented,
这样的信仰自♥由♥是前所未有的
so they could build lots of temples in Xanadu
所以当时的人们在上都可以建造
at that time: buddhist ones, mosques,
各种寺庙 佛寺 清♥真♥寺
nestorian christian churches and so on.
景教教堂等等
So now we locals call Xanadu "the 108 temples".
所以当地人把上都叫做"108座寺庙"
It reflects very lively thinking in Yuan Dynasty society.
它反映了元朝社会开明的社会风气
Combining our scans with historical records,
将扫描图像与历史记录结合起来
reveals that these two buildings were buddhist temples.
我们发现这两座建筑是佛寺
But they were just two of dozens of
但它们只是包括清♥真♥寺
religious buildings including mosques,
道观 孔庙在内的
daoist temples and confucian shrines.
众多宗教建筑中的两座
By design, Xanadu was a melting pot
上都被有意地设置为
where different peoples, philosophies
不同的民族 哲学和宗教
and religions all came together,
相互汇聚的大熔炉
a city every bit as vibrant and cosmopolitan
是一座如马可·波罗所描绘的那样
as marco polo described,
充满生机的国际都会
from where Kublai Khan could now launch
在这里 忽必烈得以开始
his master plan, to conquer all of China.
他的伟大计划 征服全中国
In 1260, Kublai Khan's new capital Xanadu
1260年 忽必烈的新首都 上都
became one of the most important cities on earth.
成为了世界上最重要的城市之一
Kublai Khan was named the next Great Khan,
继成吉思汗后 忽必烈再称"大汗"
with power over Mongol Khanates that now
统治着整个大蒙古国
reached from today's far eastern Russia,
范围从今天的俄♥罗♥斯♥远东地区
all the way west to Turkey and Ukraine.
一直延伸到西边的土耳其和乌克兰
But, he still needed to conquer
但他仍然需要
the Southern Song Dynasty.
征服南宋
To achieve his goal, he planned another city,
为了达到目标 他规划了另一座城市
a second capital closer to the Chinese heartland.
一个更接近中国中心地带的首都
Today, Xanadu's sister city, known as Dadu,
如今 上都的姐妹城市大都
lies hidden 170 miles south,
就深藏在往南两百七十千米之外
deep beneath the streets of a very modern megacity.
一座非常现代化的大都市的街道底下
Beijing.
那就是北♥京♥
Now home to over 20 million people,
如今这里有超过两千万人口
it's more than twice the size of New York City.
面♥积♥是纽约的两倍有余
750 years ago, Marco Polo's adventures also
750年前 马可·波罗也曾
brought him here, to the newly created Dadu.
到这座新建的大都游历
He wrote that it's palace was so vast,
他写道 这里的宫殿如此庞大
rich and beautiful that
富丽堂皇
"no man on earth could design anything superior to it".
"世界上没有人能设计出超越它的东西 "
In 2016, the foundations of Kublai Khan's palace were
2016年 在北♥京♥著名的故宫地下
discovered beneath Beijing's famous Forbidden City,
发现了忽必烈宫殿的地基
lost traces of the imperial heart of Dadu.
皇权中心大都的失落印记
Now Sarah has come here to see
现在萨拉来到这里
if satellite images can reveal
看卫星图像能否揭示
any more of Kublai Khan's second capital.
更多关于忽必烈第二座首都的信息
Oh wow, this is really interesting.
这个真的很有趣
About 5 miles north of where Dadu's palace once stood,
从大都宫殿原址往北八千米
Sarah's spotted something,
萨拉发现了
an unusual line of trees.
一排不寻常的树
Down on the ground, it starts to make sense.
来到实地 事情开始清晰起来
Alright, so this is what I've been looking for.
好了 这就是我要找的
So we're on this large mound,
我们在这个大土丘上
linear mound in the middle of this city.
城市中♥央♥的长条土丘
It looks like it's definitely manmade.
看起来绝对是人工建造的
You can see that where I'm standing,
你看我站的地方
it's actually part of this longer linear embankment and
它其实是这座长条堤防的一部分
it actually looks like it forms a square around the city.
它似乎形成了一个围绕这座城市的方形
Chinese research confirms,
中国的研究证实
this is part of an original city wall of Dadu.
这是大都原有城墙的一部分
It's pretty incredible, that something this old is
真令人吃惊 这么古老的东西
still in the middle of the city of Beijing
依然还留在北♥京♥城的中心
and hasn't been destroyed over hundreds of years.
数百年来都没有被毁掉
Adding this city wall to the satellite image
将城墙添加到卫星图像上
along with data from historical maps
跟来自历史地图的数据结合起来
reveals something amazing.
就有了令人惊奇的发现
Beijing's modern streets still align with Dadu's city walls,
北♥京♥的现代街道依然与大都的城墙对齐
as if Kublai Khan's capital was the blueprint
就好像忽必烈的首都是
for this 21st century city metropolis.
这座二十一世纪现代都市的规划蓝图
So the similarities between what we can see
我们在大都和上都
here at Dadu and what we saw at Xanadu
所看到的相似性
are incredible.
是令人惊奇的
Kublai Khan had taken the classical
忽必烈采纳了上都的
Chinese design of Xanadu, and supersized it.
经典中式规划 并将其放大了
Dadu was ten times bigger.
大都比上都大了十倍
From Dadu, Kublai Khan could strike out south
从大都出发 忽必烈得以挥师南下
and by 1279 he'd achieved his goal.
直到1279年 他实现了他的目标
For the first time in over 350 years,
历经三百五十多年
the nation was reunited.
这个国家又一次统一了
Kublai Khan was finally emperor of all China.
忽必烈终于成了整个中国的皇帝
Kublai Khan's incredible vision
忽必烈令人赞叹的远见卓识
allowed this Mongol ruler to found a new dynasty,
让他这位蒙古大汗得以建立
that was accepted by
一个为他帝国中的
the Han Chinese people of his empire.
汉族人♥民♥所接受的王朝
Under his reign, China thrived.
在他的统治之下 中国繁荣发展
He extended trade routes
他扩展了商路
to reach half way around the globe,
使之覆盖了半个地球
and poured resources into China's infrastructure,
大举修建中国的基础设施
making its Grand Canal
使中国的大运河成为了
the longest anywhere in the world.
世界上最长的运河
With Dadu, he'd laid the foundations for what is today,
在大都 他为北♥京♥成为当今世界上
one of the greatest cities on earth.
最伟大的城市之一打下了基础
And it all started with the wonder of Xanadu.
而这一切都是从上都的奇迹开始的
I came here wondering
我来这里时在想
if Marco Polo was kind of pulling our leg,
马可·波罗会不会在逗我们
you know, exaggerating or maybe even like that
就是夸大其辞 甚至有可能
this was just all the raving fantasy of some mad Italian.
这都是某个意大利疯子的白日梦
And I'm satisfied what Marco Polo was telling us
现在我欣喜地知道了
was not some kind of a myth,
马可·波罗所说的并不是什么神话
he was really giving us a sense of reality
他是真的在向我们描述
that he saw with his own eyes.
他亲眼所见的事实
Now, new technology is finally revealing
如今 新的技术终于让我们看到了
Kublai Khan's astonishing city of Xanadu.
忽必烈令人惊叹的上都之城
Carefully planned and beautifully constructed,
它经过精心的规划和建造
it was both Mongol and Han Chinese,
既有蒙古特色 也有中原汉族的风格
and on a magnificent scale.
而且规模如此庞大
Xanadu really was a vibrant, cosmopolitan capital,
上都真的是一座充满生机的国际都会
a cultural melting pot, filled with
一个遍布奇异精妙的庙宇和宫殿的
amazing temples and stunning palaces,
文化大熔炉
fit for an emperor
与一位统治了
who ruled over a quarter of the world's population,
全球四分之一人口 以及世界上