星空瞰华夏（2020）

This whole palace city is arranged along the central axis,
整个宫城沿中轴线排列
it's a very well-established layout.
这种布局非常完善
The largest palace is in the north,
最大的宫殿在北部
this was the mu qing ge,
这是穆清阁
Kublai Khan's residence and
是忽必烈的住处
a place for official business and banquets.
也是处理公务和举♥行♥宴会的场所
There's little known about how it looked,
我们对它的外观所知甚少
but chinese archaeologists have discovered elaborate roof ornaments
但是中国的考古学家找到了精美的屋顶装饰
and beautiful glazed tiles
美轮美奂的琉璃瓦
that give us a glimpse into its magnificent past.
这使我们得以窥见其辉煌的过去
From these grassy mounds, technology is revealing that
有这些草丘作证 科学技术表明
Marco Polo's descriptions could really be true.
马可·波罗的描述可能是真实的
But why is Xanadu here at all,
但是为什么上都
in the middle of this remote wilderness?
会建在这偏远的荒野之中呢
The city was built by Kublai Khan from scratch in 1256.
这座城市由忽必烈于1256年从零建造而成
He was the grandson of one of history's most famous warlords,
他是历史上最著名的军事家之一
Genghis Khan.
成吉思汗的孙子
50 years earlier, Genghis Khan had united the nomadic tribes
1206年 成吉思汗统一了游牧民族
and established a vast Mongol Empire,
建立了庞大的蒙古帝国
including conquering most of the dynasties that,
征服了绝大多数曾经
back then, ruled china
统治过中国的王朝
and taking control of their largely han chinese population.
并控制了这些王朝的主要人口 汉族
But the south, ruled by the Southern Song Dynasty,
但是在南宋统治下的南方地区
remained unconquered.
仍然未被征服
After Genghis Khan, the empire was divided into
成吉思汗去世之后 帝国分♥裂♥为
Mongol kingdoms called khanates and in 1251 Kublai Khan took
诸多"汗国" 而在1251年 忽必烈控制了
charge of what today, is Inner Mongolia.
如今的内蒙古地区
He was determined to establish a new dynasty that he'd call
他决心建立一个新王朝 称元朝
the yuan, defeat the Southern Song,
打败南宋
and bring all of china under his rule
并成为一位强大的君主
as one all-powerful emperor.
统治全中国
But first he needed a secure base
但是首先他需要一个安全的基地
from which to unleash his campaign.
再从基地发起战争
The city of Xanadu was born.
上都诞生了
I've seen how the center of xanadu was full of palaces.
我已经知道上都的中心区域建满了宫殿
But what lies beyond these inner walls?
但除此之外 内墙之内还有什么呢
To find out, we need to go back to the satellite images.
为了找出答案 我们要重新查看卫星图像
Archaeologist Sarah Klassen, from my tech team,
我科考团队的考古学家萨拉·克拉森
is taking a closer look at the wider city.
正在仔细研究城市四周
I can see quite a few faint impressions on the land
我能看到地面上有一些浅浅的痕迹
that might be related to archaeological features like
这些痕迹可能与遗迹有关
streets or buildings.
比如街道或建筑
Let me see if I can enhance this image.
让我看看能不能增强图像
Oh wow, look at this, this is pretty neat.
看看这张图 太厉害了
Using infra-red,
使用红外线
Sarah can spot differences in how the vegetation's growing,
萨拉能够辨认出植被生长的差异
that indicate man-made structures,
这意味着地面之下
hidden just beneath the surface.
隐藏着人造建筑
So all of those faint impressions that I saw before
这样之前我在图像上看到的浅浅的痕迹
are now very visible on the landscape.
现在都非常明显了
These infra-red satellite images
这些红外卫星图像
combined with chinese archaeological evidence and
与中国的考古证据
historical records, reveal the whole walled city of Xanadu
以及历史记录相结合 以相当丰富的细节
in stunning detail.
展现出了上都城的样貌
Not just its palaces, but hundreds of buildings.
不仅仅是宫殿 还有数百座建筑物
Courtyards and compounds.
庭院和府邸
Defensive towers and grand gateways.
防御城楼和宏伟的城门
An incredible megacity.
这是一座不可思议的大城市
Marco Polo's descriptions are so far proving right,
到目前为止 马可·波罗的描述都是正确的
but there's a mystery, because he described another palace
但是有一个谜团 他描述的另一座宫殿
that doesn't show up.
没有出现
With a golden roof and lacquered pillars,
这是一座有着金色屋顶和涂漆大柱的建筑
experts believe it was a vast circular building.
专家认为这是一座巨大的圆形建筑
Just what was it?
但是它到底是什么呢
And can we find it?
我们能找到它吗
I'm trying to solve the puzzle of a huge lost circular palace that Marco Polo said
我有个未解之迷 马可·波罗所描述的
was one of the wonders of Xanadu.
上都奇景 一座巨大的圆形宫殿找不到了
Could its circular shape indicate a special type of
它是圆形的 这是否意味着它是一种特殊的
mongol building that's still in use today?
现今仍在使用的蒙古建筑呢
I've been invited by Enkh Bayr and his family
恩赫·拜尔和他的家人邀请我
to help out building a traditional mongolian house, a ger.
帮忙搭建一座传统的蒙古房♥屋 蒙古包
You can see that it's a latticework pattern made
你可以看到这是一种由柳木制成的
from willow tree.
网格结构
And these are thicker willow posts that hold up this
这些较粗的柳木柱支撑着蒙古包的中心结构
central structure, that also can have a slight opening
屋顶可以做出一定的开口
because of course, there's going to be a cooking fire in
因为蒙古包内会燃起灶火
here as well, and then you'll sleep over here on the other side.
而人就睡在灶火旁
These simple round structures are
这些简单的圆形建筑
the key to a nomadic lifestyle;
是游牧生活的关键
light and easy to assemble, they're quick to pack up and
蒙古包轻巧 易组装 可以快速收起来
move on to new pastures.
搬到新牧场
I've grown up in mongolian gers since I was a child.
我从小就在蒙古包中长大
I feel very comfortable sleeping in one.
在蒙古包里我睡得很舒服
They are well-ventilated and very cozy.
它们通风良好 非常舒适
This tough nomadic culture
忽必烈就是在这种
is the world that Kublai Khan came from.
艰苦的游牧风俗中成长起来的
Could his mongol roots
他的蒙古情怀
shed light on one of Marco Polo's most vivid descriptions?
能解释马可·波罗那段别开生面的描述吗
He says, "The whole palace is built of these canes.
他写道 "整个宫殿都由竹竿建成
"The construction of the palace is so devised
"宫殿的构造精妙非常
"that it can be taken down and put up again with great celerity
"它能被很快拆除并重新搭建
"and it can all be taken to pieces
"它能被拆成小件
"and removed withersoever the emperor may command.
"并按照皇帝的命令搬到指定位置
"When erected, it is braced against mishaps from the wind
"搭好后 为了避免被风刮倒
"by more than 200 cords of silk."
"还要用两百多根绳子将它固定"
So imagine the size of this thing.
所以想象一下这座建筑的体积
Could it have been a ger?
那会是蒙古包吗
A monumental ger?
一座巨大的蒙古包
An imperial sized ger?
一座皇家尺寸的蒙古包
Now, using Marco Polo's description
现在 有了马可波罗的描述
and other historical sources,
和其他史料
we can recreate what Kublai Khan's Palace of Canes
我们或许得以重现忽必烈的"竹竿宫殿"
might've looked like.
曾经的模样
Look at this thing.
看看这个
This is huge!
真是庞大
This is a wild image.
这景象真令人震撼
Circular like a ger,
像蒙古包一样是圆形
with a varnished golden roof made of bamboo canes.
房♥顶由涂成金色的竹竿搭成
It would've been supported by lacquered and gilded pillars
支撑的柱子涂了大漆 镀金
decorated with dragons
还有龙做装饰
and stood as high as a ten-story building!
而且差不多有十层楼那么高
This moveable palace hosted lavish banquets for over 2000 guests.
这座可移♥动♥的宫殿为两千多宾客开过奢华的宴会
Even after more than 750 years,
哪怕过去了750年
surely something this huge would have left some trace.
这么巨大的宫殿一定会留下某些痕迹
If our drone images failed to detect it,
如果我们的无人机图像中无法探测到它
would it help to look from space?
那么从太空观测会有结果吗
When I look close at the palace area
当我仔细观察宫殿区时
I can see a ton of features on the landscape
我可以看到地面上有大量的痕迹
and even kind of beyond that until the second city wall.
甚至超出了宫殿区 延伸到第二道城墙
And the northwest is really interesting
西北面非常有趣
'cause I don't really see
因为我没看到什么
even faint impressions of archaeological features.
古建筑的痕迹记 哪怕是模糊的也没有
I would've thought that this whole area within the city walls
我原以为城墙内的整片区域
would've been taken up with buildings and streets.
全是街道和建筑
This large empty space seems strange,
这一大♥片♥空地看起来很奇怪
but during the years he spent at Kublai Khan's court,
但在忽必烈宫廷里生活的数年间
Marco Polo said he saw a great park,
马可·波罗说他见过一个巨大的公园
stocked with wild animals,
蓄养着野生动物
to satisfy a favorite mongol pastime,
用于满足蒙古人最喜爱的娱乐活动
hunting.
打猎之用