星空瞰华夏（2020）

Protected by mountains to the north and with a river to the south,
背面靠山 南面临河
this is an ideal setting for Han Chinese city builders.
这是中国汉族城市建设者的理想环境
We have a city built here by nomadic peoples from the north.
我们这座城市由北方游牧民族建造
And it's incredible that Kublai Khan,
令人难以置信的是
as a hereditary Mongol emperor,
身为蒙古世袭皇帝的忽必烈
is using ancient Chinese principles to design his city.
是用中国古代的方法来设计他的城市
Kublai even had a Han Chinese advisor draw up the plans,
忽必烈甚至请了一位中国汉族顾问帮他规划
giving it the square concentric walls and central palace area.
所以才有了方形的同心城墙和中♥央♥宫殿
This is a classic Han Chinese city plan.
这是典型的汉族城市规划
In building a permanent walled city,
忽必烈建立了一座由城墙包围的城市
with a hunting ground and imperial-sized ger,
内有狩猎场 有帝王规模的蒙古包
combined with a Chinese layout,
他结合了中国式的布局
kublai khan was embracing both his Mongol roots and
把他出身的蒙古文化
Han Chinese culture.
和中国汉族文化融合在了一起
The question is why?
问题是为什么呢
And was this blending of cultures happening elsewhere,
这种文化的融合在
beyond the walls of Xanadu?
上都之外的其他地方出现过吗
680 miles to the south west, in the ancient city of Xi'an,
上都西南一千一百千米之外的古都西安
a clue has been discovered in a tomb that could hold the answer.
一座坟墓里发现的线索可能可以回答这个问题
Dr. Chao-hui Jenny Liu,
朝辉·珍妮·刘博士
our expert in classical Chinese art and archaeology,
是中国古典艺术家 考古专家
is meeting excavation leader Miao Yifei and his team,
她来与挖掘组长苗逸飞和他的队伍见面交流
who are analyzing this 700 year-old work of art.
他们正在分♥析♥这件有七百年历史的艺术品
Here it is, the mural.
这就是壁画
This mural once lined the curved walls of
这幅壁画是从一座奢华的
a lavish circular tomb.
圆形坟墓的弧形墙壁上摘下来的
This is much bigger than I expected.
这壁画比我想象的要大得多
This is amazing.
太神奇了
Once I'd properly entered the tomb,
当我真正进入到墓里面
I was totally stunned.
我完全惊呆了
This was so beautiful, I was astonished,
这壁画太美了 我非常惊讶
really surprised.
非常意外
It's amazing.
太美了
Here you have six people sitting on this,
这里画着六个人坐在这上面
sort of a bed with a screen in the back.
这个像是床铺 背后是屏风
And the center person, we think it's the husband,
中间的人物 应该是丈夫
is wearing Mongol clothes.
穿着蒙古服饰
We see this kind of clothes also on portraiture of Kublai Khan.
我们在忽必烈的画像上也能看到这种服饰
There's a white robe and then this kind of red hat,
还有白袍和这种红色帽子
very typical of Mongol clothes.
是非常典型的蒙古服饰
But closer inspection of these traditionally Mongol images,
但是仔细观察这些传统蒙古画像
reveals some surprising details.
会发现一些令人惊讶的细节
This is a hunting scene,
这是狩猎的场景
where the hunter is shooting an arrow at the doe,
画面中的猎人弯弓搭箭欲射雌鹿
but there's a little man underneath here, you see?
但这里下面有一个小人 看见没
And he is milking the doe, so it completely changes the picture
他正在给鹿挤奶 整个画面就不同了
because a hunting scene would be Yuan Dynasty or Mongol,
因为狩猎是元朝或蒙古风格的场景
but this story where a good son milks the doe
而这里的故事 孝子挤鹿奶
to give milk to his parents, that's a Chinese story.
以孝敬父母 这是中原文化的典故
This mural shows that the mixing of cultures
这块壁画展现出了文化的融合
Chinese culture, Han culture, Mongol, Yuan Culture,
中原文化 汉族文化 蒙古 元朝文化
they become one, and you cannot separate them.
合为一体 不可分割
It seems the mixing of Mongol and Han Chinese cultures
蒙古和中原汉族文化的融合
was not just happening in Kublai Khan's city;
不仅出现在忽必烈的都邑
it was spreading far beyond Xanadu.
还影响到上都之外很远的地方
And this was all part of his plan.
这一切都在他计划之中
He knew he had the military might to conquer the rest of China
他心知他的军力足以征服中国其余疆域
but to keep control, he'd need to win hearts and minds.
但想长治久安 需赢得民心
It reminds me of something that
这让我想起
the legendary Chinese advisor of Kublai Khan
忽必烈的那位传奇汉族谋士
supposedly said to the great emperor,
据说他向这位大帝进言道
he said, "look you can conquer a land by horseback,
"以马上取天下
but you can't administer a land by horseback."
不可以马上治天下"
Embracing both cultures was Kublai Khan's key to success.
包容两种文化 是忽必烈的取胜要领
And this plan began right here with Xanadu.
而这一策略正始于上都
They designed a city, so that they could control the population,
他们精心设计城市 便于控制人口
keep them happy and administer things.
人♥民♥安居 长治久安
Not in the way that Mongol horse nomads would,
用的并不是蒙古的马背上的游牧方式
but the way agricultural Han Chinese would.
而是中原汉族的农耕方式
Xanadu was Kublai Khan's power base.
上都是忽必烈的权力根基
And Marco Polo described one building
马可·波罗描述过一座建筑
that was the very heart of operations,
是一切决策的中心
a palace called the Da'an ge,
一个叫"大安阁"的宫殿
the pavilion of great peace.
取"天下大安"之意
The platform that we see today is not the only trace that remains.
我们现在所见的台基并不是仅存的遗迹
Kublai Khan's pavilion of great peace
忽必烈的大安阁
once stood at the very heart of Xanadu.
曾矗立于上都正中心
Only rare fragments of Xanadu's palaces have survived.
上都宫殿仅有极少零部件存留下来
But in 2003 Chinese archaeologists unearthed
但在2003年 中国考古学家发掘出了
something astonishing.
了不得的东西
Wow. Here it is.
就是它了
This is the legendary marble pillar
传说中的大理石柱
from the Da'an ge palace complex.
出自大安阁宫殿群
Look at how big this thing is.
多么巨大
The carving is exquisite.
雕刻技艺鬼斧神工
You have flowers here, which are symbols of auspiciousness
这里有花 寓意吉祥
and good fortune.
还有鸿运
You've got the dragon.
可以看见龙
Look at it, twisting around all the way to the tail.
从头至尾蜿蜒盘旋
In Han Chinese culture,
在中原汉族文化中
the dragon is a symbol of imperial power
龙是皇权的象征
and typically had 3 or 4 talons, but this one is different.
一般是三爪或四爪 但这条龙不同
So here we have five talons and a smaller head,
有五爪 且龙首更小
smaller than we see in dragons from earlier dynasties.
比以前朝代的龙首都小
We have a horse nomad asserting himself
这位马背上的游牧人
as a great Chinese emperor.
自立为中国帝王
People looking at this, they would have known
看到这座雕刻 人们会明白
that this is Kublai Khan himself.
这就是忽必烈本尊
He is the dragon, telling the world,
他即是龙 并昭告天下
I am the head of a new Chinese dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty.
我是中国新的朝代 元朝的主人
Now, by combining recent Chinese academic studies
通过将最新中国学术研究
with our drone surveys of central Xanadu,
和上都中心的无人机调查结果相结合
we can bring Kublai Khan's magnificent pavilion of great peace
我们可以让忽必烈宏伟的大安阁
back to life, for the first time in over 650 years.
在历经650年之后 重又起死回生
Woah, this thing was big!
雄伟壮观
Ah incredible, incredibly beautiful.
美轮美奂
I mean, there's no question looking at this,
看着它 毫无疑问
that the Da'an ge was a classically Han Chinese building.
大安阁是经典的中原汉族建筑
The Da'an ge sat on a raised central platform.
大安阁建在高起的中心平台上
Supported by huge marble pillars this great palace was
这座宏伟的宫殿由巨型大理石柱支撑
taller than a modern 22-storey building.
比现代的二十二层建筑还要高
This was the site of Kublai Khan's throne,
这是忽必烈帝位的所在
the "very fine marble palace" that astonished Marco Polo.
令马可·波罗叹为观止的"精致大理石宫殿"
I've explored Kublai Khan's great palaces,
我已经探究过忽必烈的宏伟宫殿
but the satellite images also reveal
但卫星图像还显示
other prominent structures among the hundreds of buildings.
在上百座建筑之中还有些特别的结构
Their layout suggests these are not palaces,
它们的布局并不像宫殿
but temples.
而是寺庙
But Mongols traditionally practice Shamanism
而蒙古人传统信奉萨满教
with no need for temples.
并不需要寺庙
So what's going on?
究竟怎么回事
Almost 900 miles west of Xanadu,
上都西面一千四百千米处
close to the city of Zhangye, Jenny is searching for answers.
张掖城附近 珍妮来一探究竟
These sheer cliff faces hold something very special,
这片陡峭的崖壁暗藏玄机
an incredible complex of ancient Buddhist temples,
一片数量庞大的古代佛庙建筑群
carved deep into the rock.
就深深地刻在岩石之中
Buddhists started carving these shrines centuries before
在忽必烈建立元朝前好几世纪 佛教♥徒♥就开始
Kublai Khan's Yuan Dynasty.
开凿这些神庙
But what then?
可是然后呢
Throughout history, many invaders wiped out the sites
几百年来 一波又一波侵略者的袭扰