外星世界（2020）

但是相对稀薄的大气 意味着更小的浮力
but the thinner atmosphere means there's less buoyancy.
于是 一切最终都会落下来
So, eventually, everything falls.
（大气稠密度）
在亚特剌斯 空中食草兽从来不需要降落到地上
On Atlas, the sky grazers never need to land.
它们的前翼和后翼 用于控制方向 提供推力
Their front and back wingsxa0 are for direction and thrust.
而修长的中间翅膀用于捕捉热气流
Their long middle wings are for catching thermals.
尽管它们的体重不轻
Despite their weight,
空气足够稠密 可以让它们生活在天空中
the air is thick enough for them to live a life in the sky.
但这种生活并不是一直平静的
But it's not always a peaceful life.
和地球上一样 食草动物会吸引猎食者
As on Earth, grazers attract predators.
它们的气囊里充满了细菌制♥造♥的氢气
Using hydrogen-producing bacteria to inflate their air sacs,
它们上升到空中
they take to the skies.
单独行动 它们不是猎物的对手…
Alone, they're no match for their prey. . .
于是它们成群捕猎…
so they hunt in a pack. . .
等待脱单的空中食草兽
waiting for a sky grazerxa0 to stray from the group.
确认目标后 它们排出氢气…
Target sighted, they expel their gas. . .
从上往下进行攻击
and attack from above.
地球上速度最快的捕猎者
The fastest predator on Earth
使用同样的策略
uses the same tactic.
我对猎鹰的兴趣在于
My interest in flying falcons is. . .
它们既有捕食者的本能 又有速度
their predatory instinct coupled with the speed factor. . .
以及它们如何利用这种速度
and how they use that speedxa0 to their advantage.
光看着一个顶级捕猎者施展技艺…
But just watchingxa0 a top predator do its thing. . .
是一件完美的事情
is perfection.
（美国 怀俄明州 风河谷）
现在我大概有30多只鸟
I probably have 30-some birdsxa0 at this moment.
每只鸟都有不同的个性
Each bird is a different personality.
我喜欢猎鹰之处在于
What I love about falcons
生物进化如何制♥造♥出最完美的样本
is how evolution has made the most perfect specimen.
我和这些家伙是有感情的
I do have a relationship with these guys.
至少我有单方面的感情
Certainly from my end, I do.
也许猎鹰和我的想法不一样
I don't think the falconsxa0 see it that way,
但它们绝对把我看作团队的一部分
but they certainly see mexa0 as part of the team.
瓦赫·拉弗迪安训练 人工圈养繁殖的猎鹰学会捕食
Vahe Alaverdian trainsxa0 captive-bred falcons how to hunt.
这些鸟身上所带的基因
These birds arexa0 genetically programmed
已经使它们成为顶级空中猎手
to be the top-notchxa0 avian predators that they are.
我们训鹰者要做的事情就是
What we do as falconers
唤醒它们体内捕猎者的天性
is try to awaken that predatorial nature in the bird.
训练的第一步是诱饵训练
Lure training is the very first step.
来吧 伙计
Come on, buddy! Hup, hup, hup, hup, hup!
我要把诱饵放在猎鹰的面前
I want to put that lurexa0 in front of the bird,
让猎鹰协调眼睛和爪子
and get the falconxa0 to coordinate eye to foot. . .
伸出爪子去抓取猎物
Hup, hup! . . . and throw its feet out as if it's gonna grab it.
与此同时 我会把诱饵拖开
As that happens, I try to pull that away from the falcon
让猎鹰冲上天空 然后重复这一过程
to get it to shoot up in the airxa0 and repeat this process again.
我希望看到猎鹰从天上俯冲下来 越垂直越好
I wanna see that bird drop downxa0 as vertical as it can.
在以后它们的捕猎过程中 它们会使用这一技巧
That's something that they later on will apply to hunting game.
一旦猎鹰们就绪 瓦赫会开始使用猎物目标：
When the falcons are ready, Vahe introduces a prey target. . .
赛鸽
a racing pigeon.
猎鹰无法追上赛鸽
The falcon can't keep up with the pigeon in a chase,
所以它们最有效的方法就是利用重力
so its best bet is to drop on it. . .
从天而降
using gravity.
当猎鹰觉得自己处在优势
When the bird thinks that he's got the advantage,
它的翅膀会夹紧
that's when the wings will get tucked in.
变成水滴的形状
They stoop into a little teardrop shape. . .
从天而降
coming down from the heavens.
猎鹰的动能击中鸽子
The kinetic energy of a falcon hitting a pigeon
就像炮弹击中目标
would be as if you were hitxa0 by a cannonball.
在训练过程中 鸽子总能逃脱
In training, the pigeon invariably gets away,
因为猎鹰俯冲下来的高度不足300米
because the falcon is made to stoopxa0 from less than a thousand feet.
当真的捕猎时
When hunting for real,
俯冲的高度要高得多…
it'll drop from a greater height. . .
高到至命
to lethal effect.
（重力加速度）
捕猎者发起攻势
The predators make their move.
附着在猎物翅膀上
They deploy their wings
形成拖累
to create drag. . .
破坏空中食草兽的稳定性
destabilizing the sky grazer
将它们带到地面食用
to devour it on the ground.
但猎物太大了 捕猎者的数量 不足以把猎物拖到地面
But this pack is too small to take down such a large beast.
今天 它们将空肚子
Today, they'll go hungry.
空中食草兽爬升到安全高度
The sky grazer climbs to a safe height. . .
进行疗伤
to recuperate.
但作为一个有繁殖能力的雌性
But as a fertile female,
她有伙伴
she has company.
雄性食草兽 为争夺交♥配♥权而竞争
Male grazers, competing to be chosen as a mate.
他们硕大的尾巴是个拖累
Their oversized tails are a handicap,
造成飞行的困难
making it harder to fly.
但在雌性眼里
But to the female,
这是他们精力充沛的标志
they're a sign of vitality.
第一个追到她的得到交♥配♥机会
The first to reach her gets to mate
他的基因得以传给下一代
and pass on his genes.
地球上适用同样的法则
The same principle applies on Earth,
无论是在空中
whether up in the sky
还是在土壤里
or down in the dirt.
雄性为争夺交♥配♥权而竞争
Males compete for the right to mate.
And running, set. . .
我觉得人们坐在家里 在电视上观看昆虫
I think when people sit at homexa0 watching insects on television,
他们会想象摄像师坐在丛林里
they imagine the cameraman sitting in the jungle,
坐在河里或者树篱里
in a river or in a hedge,
等待甲虫过来
waiting for this beetle to come across
进行繁殖 或者在摄像机前进行一场战斗
and reproduce or have a fightxa0 in front of the camera.
不是这样的
It doesn't work that way.
（英格兰 科茨沃尔德）
这是一个破旧的老棚子 附着在我父母的房♥子上
This is a ramshackle old shedxa0 which is attached to my parents' place,
我父母就住旁边
which is just there.
有一个地方附着在父母家 有很多好处
Huge advantages to having a place attached to your mum and dad's.
晚上能吃到不错的晚餐 还有人送上午茶和下午茶
You get good dinners in the evening and, uh, teas arriving during the day.
来看看我们在干什么
Have a look and see what we're doing. Oh!
哦 天哪
Oh, gosh.
这些是什么东西？
Oh! What on Earth are they?
犀金龟
They are rhinoceros beetles.
雄性犀金龟有一个大犄角
The male's got these big horns.
雌性没有 这是一种性选择的方式
The female doesn't. xa0 It's a form of sexual selection,
因为雌性喜欢有大犄角的雄性
because the females like males with big horns.
雌性每次选择交♥配♥对象时
So every time they mate,
她们会选择犄角更大的雄性犀金龟
they'll mate with a beetlexa0 that has a slightly bigger horn
于是 这只雄性犀金龟能把基因传下去
than the one they've last seen before. Oh! And, therefore, that male passes its genes on.
一代一代下来 犄角变得越来越大
So, over generations, the horns will get bigger.
-放哪里？ -放在木头上 对着另一只雄性犀金龟
Anywhere particular? Um, just on the. . . on the log facing the other male.
好了 他们直接干上了
Here they go. They're going straight away.
犀金龟的犄角 和空中食草兽的尾巴是一样的
The horns of a male rhinoceros beetle are like the tail of a male sky grazer.
它们通过性竞争得到进化
They've evolved for sexual competition.
那个占优势的家伙又赢了
Ha-ha! That dominant one's done it again.
拍得不错
That's a good shot. The shot we wanted.
这就是我们要的镜头 插♥进♥去了 耶
Yeah. Going into her, yeah.
一 二 三
One, two, three.
-这样行吗？ -行
That right? Yeah.
-好 -很好
Yep. That's it.
-你要把这放进去？ -是
Can I. . . Yes. You putting that in?
雄性昆虫争夺交♥配♥权 不是总需要战斗的
Male insects don't always fightxa0 to snare a mate.
有时候 展示身体实力就已经足够了
Sometimes it's enough just to show off their physical prowess.
好了 我要把一只雄性放到你面前
Right, I'm gonna bring the male in front of you.
他从你的右边过来
He's coming in from your right.
现在他飞走了
Now, uh He's flown off.
这些是突眼蝇
These are stalk-eyed flies.
突眼蝇是一种神奇的小东西
Stalk-eyed fly is an amazing little thing.
看起来有点像蚂蚁 一双眼睛生在长杆的尽头
It looks a little bit like an antxa0 with massive eyes on the ends of stalks.
雄性和雌性的眼睛
Both the male and the female
都长在长杆的尽头
have eyes on the end of stalks,
雄性的长杆比雌性的要长得多
but the male has much longer eye stalks than the female.
长着长杆的雄性突眼蜂
The males with the long stalks
会爬到一起