外星世界（2020）

数以百万计的零件连接在一起
with millions of connected parts.
正是这种连接性
It's this connectivity
成就了文明的成长
that allows them to grow.
（恒星亮度）
但土拉文明处在危险之中
But the civilization on Terra is in peril.
它们的恒星的年龄 是我们太阳年龄的双倍
Its star is double the age of our own sun.
随着恒星越来越老 恒星也会变得越来越大 越来越亮
And as stars get older, xa0 they burn bigger and brighter.
最终土拉行星会被烧毁
Eventually, the planet Terraxa0 will be incinerated.
所以它们正在计划逃生
So an escape plan is underway. . .
在所处的恒星系去殖民另一个行星
to colonize another planetxa0 in the same solar system. . .
那个星球距离恒星比土拉要远
further from the star than Terra.
这个世界有冰 但是没有大气层
There's ice on this world, xa0 but no atmosphere.
大气层需要被制♥造♥出来
It needs to be manufactured.
这是行星规模的工程
This is engineering on a planetary scale.
巨大的机器融化冰帽
Giant machines melt the ice caps
释放水汽和气体…
to release vapor and gas. . .
制♥造♥足够的大气让行星变暖
. . . generating enough atmosphere to warm the planet.
如此巨大的项目需要大量的能源
Such a massive project requires a massive amount of energy. . .
能源直接来自衰老的恒星
delivered directly from the aging star.
利用能源的能力是文明本身的基石
The ability to harness energy is the bedrock of civilization itself.
（摩洛哥 马拉喀什）
我的一部分工作是要预测未来
Part of what I do is to try and predict the future.
你可以回顾历史 得到很多启示
And you can look back in history and get a lot of ideas from there,
但我们可以在某种程度上 利用潜在的趋势来预测未来
but there are underlying trends we can use to some extent to see what's to come,
诸如预期平均寿命、 财富以及人口规模
like life expectancy, wealth, xa0 population size.
但一个文明使用能源的多少 最能揭示一些东西
And one of the most revealing is the amount of energy that civilizations use.
一个文明能使用的能源越多
The more energy a civilization can access,
这个文明就能变得越强大
the more powerful it becomes.
这是从石器时代到今天
That's the secret of progress. . .
进步的秘密
from the Stone Age until today.
所以 释放木炭中的热量和能量
So, unleashing the heat and energyxa0 in charcoal
让我们得到高温 足以冶炼金属
allowed us to get temperatures hot enough to smelt metals
用来制♥作♥工具和武器
to make tools and weapons.
之后 众所周知 我们利用 诸如煤炭和天然气等化石燃料
Later on, of course, we harnessed fossil fuels like coal and gas,
让我们可以制♥造♥车辆 用比以前快得多的速度
allowing the creation of vehiclesxa0 that could hurtle us across the world
把我们带到世界各地
at much higher speedxa0 than we ever had before.
但是最强大的能量来源 当然是我们的恒星
But the greatest source of energy is, of course, our star.
努尔电站在类似太阳能设施中 是全球最大的
The Noor Power Station is the largest solar complex of its kind in the world.
50万面镜子架设在撒哈拉沙漠的边缘
Half a million mirrorsxa0 at the edge of the Sahara Desert.
这些是定日镜
The ones over here are heliostats,
它们能跟踪太阳在天上的移♥动♥
and they track the sunxa0 as it moves through the sky
把能量集中到那个塔上
and focus all its energy down on that tower.
这些能量会输到全世界
And that energy goes out into the world
为现代文明提供能量
and powers modern civilization.
越来越多地用于我们的运输
More and more of our transport,
我们的照明和农业
our lighting, our agriculture.
以及空调 这个地区大量需要空调
Very relevant for here, air conditioning.
基本上 任何能给我们带来安全
Basically, everything that keeps us safe,
给我们带来工作和娱乐的东西 都是来自于电力
working and entertained comes from electricity.
越来越多的电力
And more and more of that electricity
来自于像这样的太阳能工厂
is coming from solar power plantsxa0 like this.
但来自太阳的能量 人类只用了非常小的一部分
But humans use only a tiny fractionxa0 of all the energy available from the sun.
每小时太阳发散到地球上的能量 是4. 3亿亿焦耳
So, 430 quintillion joules of the sun'sxa0 energy fall on the Earth every hour.
相当于差不多每秒钟 引爆两千个广岛原♥子♥弹♥
For comparison, xa0that's very roughly 2, 000 Hiroshima bombs every second.
大量的能量 那我们利用了多少？
A lot of energy. How much do we use?
人类每年使用的太阳能 才4. 1亿亿焦耳
Well, humanity uses 410 quintillion joules. . . in a year.
所以我们一年使用的太阳能
So, in a year, we fail to use
还不到太阳一小时发送到地球的能量
all the energy that the sun sends us in a single hour.
试想如果我们可以捕获所有这些能量
Imagine if we could capturexa0 all that energy
用这些能量为我们的文明提供动力
and use it to power our civilization.
我们能创造什么样的神迹？
What miracles could we accomplish?
我们能去探索什么地方？
What places could we explore with all that?
天体物理学家们认为
According to astrophysicists,
任何真正发达的文明 都应该能直接从太阳
any truly advanced civilization will be able to harness all its energy. . .
获得其所需要的全部能源
directly from the stars.
按照这个标准来说 土拉上的文明非常先进
By this measure, the civilization on Terra is supremely advanced.
它们将太阳能板架设在
It has built solar panels in space,
靠近它们恒星的太空中
near to its star. . .
以取得最大的效果
for maximum effect.
但随着恒星变得越来越大 越来越亮
But as the star becomes bigger and brighter. . .
恒星也变得越来越不稳定
it also becomes more volatile.
太阳耀斑
A solar flare.
迟早这种命运也会降临到土拉本身
Sooner or later, this will be the destiny of Terra itself. . .
被其太阳的巨大能量扫空
to be swept away by the power of its sun.
解决方案是尽快殖民新的星球
The solution is to colonizexa0 the new planet as quickly as possible.
这里没有任何生命形式
There are no life forms here.
所有工作都是机器完成的
All the work is done by machines.
它们能独♥立♥思考 自己决定
They're able to think for themselves and make their own decisions.
它们是人工智能
They are artificially intelligent.
如果人类要在太空建立殖民地
If humans are to form colonies in space,
基础工作将会以同样的方式完成：
the groundwork will be donexa0 in the same way. . .
利用机器人
using robots.
而这些机器人将由
And those robots will be designed
像菲利普·梅茨格这样的人来设计
by people like Philip Metzger.
他把整个一生都花在 太空项目及其周边工作上
He has spent his whole life in and around the space program.
我父亲以前在这个大楼里工作
My father used to work in this building,
他参与建造了土星五火箭
and he helped build the Saturn V rockets
这种火箭很大 足可以把人送上月球
that were large enoughxa0 to take humans to the moon.
阿波罗11号♥ 这里是发射操作中心
Apollo 11, this is the launch operations manager.
发射团队祝你们好运 旅途顺利
The launch team wishes youxa0 good luck and Godspeed.
非常感谢 这次旅程一定会很不错
Ah, thank you very much. Know it will be a good one.
（美国佛州 卡纳维拉尔角）
我永远不会忘记阿波罗11号♥的起飞
I'll never forget the Apollo 11 flight.
那时候我七岁
I was seven years old.
我隔着河观看了发射
I was across the river during the launch, watching it.
现场有直升机飞来飞去
There were helicopters flying around.
来自全世界各地的人
People had come from all over the world,
都来观看登月发射
coming to watch the moon launch.
太激动人心了
It was electric.
宇航员报告感觉良好 20秒倒计时开始
Astronauts report it feels good. xa0 20 seconds and counting.
离发射还有15秒 内部导引就绪
T minus 15 seconds, guidance is internal.
十二、十一、
Twelve, eleven,
十、九
ten, nine. . .
点火程序开始
Ignition sequence starts.
六、五、四、三、二、一…
. . . six. . . five. . . four. . . three. . . two. . . one. . .
零
zero.
升空
Liftoff!
火箭开始升空
We have a liftoff.
随着火箭升上天空 你能看到长长的美丽的火焰
As it climbed into the sky, xa0 you could see that long, beautiful flame
在水面闪闪发光
shimmering across the water.
第一节火箭脱落？
We got skirts-up?
收到 我们确认第一节火箭脱落
Roger, we confirm skirts-up.
所以 我从小的梦想 一直就是成为火箭科学家
So, I grew up wanting to be a rocket scientist, my entire life.
菲利普成了美国宇航局的科学家
Philip became a NASA scientist.
但他没有一直待在火箭设计部门
But rather than sticking at rocket design,
他进了机器人部门
he moved into robotics.
如果我们真的想在太空中做些什么 我们需要机器人
If we ever really want to doxa0 anything fabulous in space, we need robots.
拉索尔机器人是设计用来 在困难的行星环境中工作的
RASSOR is designed to work in tough planetary environments.
它能爬上岩石
It can climb over rocks.
如果它被卡住了 它能自己脱困
If it gets stuck, it can get itself unstuck.
如果它翻过来了 它能自己翻身
If it flips upside down, it can flip itself over.
在任何条件下 它都能自己解困
In any situation, xa0 it can get itselfxa0out of trouble.
我们能在行星上开采的 最简单的东西是浮土
The simplest thing that we could minexa0 on a planet is the regolith,
也就是覆盖在行星表面的尘土
the dirt that coversxa0 the planetary surface.
你可以从浮土中提取金属
You can extract metal from the regolith.
你也可以制♥作♥陶瓷 作为电力系统的绝缘材料
You can also make ceramics that are used for insulating electrical systems.
你还可以制♥造♥火箭燃料
And you can make rocket fuel.
但开采需要智能
But mining does take intelligence.
你得知道需要开到哪里 在哪里开挖
You have to know where to drive, xa0 where to cut.
你不能让自己迷了路 你得会自己解困
You've gotta keep from getting lost, xa0 get yourself unstuck.
所以要在太空中建立工业产业
So it's going to take a clever machine like RASSOR
你就需要用上 像拉索尔机器人这样的智能机器